Ukulima kwezinkukhu

Konke mayelana nokuqukethwe kwesiliva se-chicken brekel

I-brekel yesiliva iyinzalo yezinkukhu, eyenzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda futhi ejwayelekile eYurophu. Ngomlando omude, lezi zinyoni zazithandwa abalimi nezinkukhu abalimi ngokubonakala kwabo okukhangayo kanye nezinkomba ezinhle zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama ye-broccoli inezinambitheka ezingavamile kakhulu ezinkukhu ezifuywayo - kuyinto ehlwabusayo njengenyama yezigwaca zasendle. Mayelana nawo wonke ama-nuances wokugcinwa nokunakekelwa kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo uzokhuluma ngokuqhubekayo.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Kuze kube manje, aziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lolu hlobo luvele kanjani. I-brekel yesiliva iye yaqinisekiswa ukuthi iyinhlobo evelele kakhulu yenkukhu yasekhaya eBelgium eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu edlule. Lokhu kwaba yisisekelo sokucabanga ukuthi yiBelgium eyayiyo indawo yokuzalwa yenyoni. Kusukela ngo-1880, lolu hlobo luye lwavame kakhulu eJalimane. Ngalesi sikhathi i-branching yohlobo lwaqala ngezinkukhu ezilula futhi ezinzima. Nokho, ngo-1925, lezi zinhlobo zombili zawela.

Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi i-silver campin, kodwa lokhu kuyiphutha. I-broccoli nama-campins ahlukaniswe yi-pool ye-gene, ukubonakala komsila wama-roosters, ukukhanya kwe-incubation kanye nokukhiqiza okuthandwa yi-broccoli.

Ukuthandwa kwe-brekel yesiliva kwaqala ukuwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngenxa yokuzaliswa kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ze-hybrid ezikhiqiza kakhulu.

EBelgium, i-brekel yesiliva ekugcineni yabakhohlwa ngo-1970. Ngemva kwalokho, ukubuyiselwa kohlobo lwaqala eJalimane.

Funda futhi ngezinhlobo zezinkukhu: I-Maran, i-Amrox, i-Bielefelder, i-Barnevelder, i-Welsumer.

Incazelo kanye nezici

Lolu hlobo lunokubukeka okuthakazelisayo kakhulu, ukushisa okushisayo kanye nemikhuba ethile yokuziphatha. Okulandelayo, sicabangela ngokuningiliziwe ngaphandle, umlingisi, umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesilisa, kanye nezici ezikhiqizayo zohlobo.

Ukubukeka nombala

I-brekel yesiliva ingaziqhayisa ngokubukeka okuhle kakhulu, okukhanyayo nokubonakalayo, yingakho kuvame ukusetshenziselwa njengesizwe sokubukisa. Umzimba wenyoni uhlelwe phezulu, okwenza umqondo we-squat nesifushane esifushane. Inhloko, intamo, futhi ingxenye yangemuva (ebesilisa) ifakwe emhlophe nge-tint yesiliva, umzimba wonke unomphetho omnyama nomhlophe ngephethini elithakazelisayo, okufana nombala we-zebra onemibala. Inhloko encane futhi i-oblate encane, ehlotshiswe ngama-combs amaqabunga amnandi, ngezinye izikhathi ahlale eceleni. Amehlo acabangelayo, abamnyama noma abomvu. Insipho emifushane iya emuva emgodini we-backping kanye nomzimba omkhulu, ohlangene. Imilenze imifushane, imilenze ayitholakali kahle. Amaphiko aphakanyiswa phezulu, afanelana kahle nomzimba. Zombili izinkukhu nama-roost zinezimpuphu ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. I-paws kanye ne-beak zidwetshiwe nge-blue tints. I-brekel yesiliva ihlukile ngobukhulu obujwayelekile - abesifazane balinganisa u-2.2 kg, abesilisa - kufika ku-2.7 kg.

Inkukhu kanye nenkukhu: umehluko

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesilisa kunjengoba:

  • isisindo nosayizi: abesilisa banzima kakhulu futhi bade kakhulu ekhanda;
  • umsila omuncu wabesilisa (ama-braids amade ngezinye izikhathi ahlale phansi);
  • Abesilisa emhlane bahluma izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, ezingabonwa ngabesifazane;
  • emadodeni, umlenze uphezulu futhi ude, futhi i-paw ikhulu kakhulu.

Umlingisi

I-brekel yesiliva ihluke ekuthunjweni okuthukuthele, okwesabekayo, kodwa lokhu kuhilela ukuqhuma okukhulu. Bangakwazi ukuhlela ukulwa nokulwa, kodwa abathinti izinsikazi zohlobo lwabo. Abesilisa abanesiliva abanesiliva bangase babe nobuthakathaka besilisa bezinye izinkukhu zezinkukhu. Isici sesibili somlingiswa yisifiso esiyingqayizivele nomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlinzeka insimu yalezi zinyoni, kubalulekile ukunakekelwa kokuphepha.

Uyazi? Zonke izinyoni zomuntu wesifazane zinenani elithile leqanda elibekwa kusukela ekuzalweni - amaqanda angase abe khona angayithwala. Le namba cishe ayizinkulungwane ezingu-4000. Nokho, izinkukhu eziningi zihlala phakathi neminyaka embalwa, nezinkomba zokukhiqiza eziphezulu kakhulu eziwela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, emva kwalokho ziwela kancane kancane ngo-15% ngonyaka.

Ukukhiqizwa kwekhasi nokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalolu hlobo okubaluleke kakhulu kungabizwa ngokuthi ukukhulelwa okusheshayo. Kakade ezinyangeni ezine ubudala, bobabili abantu abesilisa nabesifazane basungulwe ngokugcwele futhi balungele ukuzala inzalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-egg kuhlala kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila (cishe eminyakeni engu-3-4). Ngonyaka owodwa, inkukhu ingakhiqiza amaqanda angu-150 kuya ku-220 ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa nokugqoka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sesikuqaphele kakade, lolu hlobo aluwona umnikazi werekhodi kwinani lamaqanda. Wonke amaqanda abe negobolondo elimhlophe-iqhwa, elilinganiselwa ku-60-70 g.

Amathiphu abalimi bezinkukhu: ukulinganisa izinkukhu zokuzala amaqanda, isikhathi sokuqanda amaqanda ezinkukhu, izinvithamini zokubeka izinkukhu, okumele ukwenze uma izinkukhu zingathwali kahle, uthwale amaqanda amancane, amaqanda ama-peck amaqanda.

I-instinct evumayo

Ngokuphathelene nokugxilwa komzimba, ungathola ukubuyekezwa okuphambene kakhulu ngalolu hlobo. Abanye bathi ama-braces ayizinkukhu ezihle kakhulu ezinamandla ezinamandla okubeletha. Abanye bathambekele ekukholweni ukuthi i-brekel yabesifazane imbi kakhulu ekufakeni amaqanda. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo, i-brekel yensikazi ingashisa amaqanda angama-8 ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenxa yempuphu ejulile neyomfutho.

Izimo zokuboshwa

Izimo eziduduzayo zokuboshwa ziphazamisa ngqo ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu. Ngakho-ke, ilungiselelo lekhanda lekhukhu kanye negceke kumele litshelwe ngokucophelela. Okufanayo kusebenza nokudla.

Ukuhlelwa kwenkukhu yenkukhu kanye negceke

I-cofu kumele ibe ne-insulated kahle ukuze uphawu ku-thermometer aluwi ngezansi + 7-10 ° C. Ukushisa akudingekile, ngaphandle kokuthi endaweni yakini iyashintsha kakhulu. Izansi kufanele zihlanganiswe ngendwangu ebanzi yetshani noma i-sawdust. I-brekels impela idinga ukwakha indawo ephakeme, ephakeme. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo, ukukhululeka ngokwengeziwe nokuvikela izinyoni kuzozizwa. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo endaweni yokuhlala iwanele wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kokuchoboza, ukuhlakaza ngisho nokulwa akunakugwemeka. Usayizi odingekayo ungabalwa ngalendlela elandelayo: ummeleli ngamunye, 20-25 cm kufanele ahlukaniswe. Ukuphakama kwe-perch kungaba yi-1-2 m, kuyilapho isiteji kufanele sakhiwe ukuvimbela ukuwa nokulimala. Ngaphakathi kufanele futhi kube indawo yezidleke. Uma engekho into enjalo, izinkukhu zizogijima emagumbini afihliwe futhi ahlangene kakhulu egcekeni, okuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi umuntu afune amaqanda.

Kubalulekile! I-brekel yesiliva ayikwazi ukugcinwa emgodini. Inyoni ihlukaniswa ukuhamba, ilukuluku nokunye ukungenakuzithoba, ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhamba, impilo yayo ingahle ibonakale kakhulu.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlomisa izinyoni igceke lokuhamba. Badinga isikhala esanele sokukhishwa okusezingeni, ukuhamba okugcwele.

Lapho uhlela insimu, cabangela izincomo ezinjalo:

  • kusuka ensimini okudingekile ukususa noma yiziphi izinto ezizolimala izinyoni;
  • ucingo kufanele lube namandla kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho izinyoni zizophuma ngokushesha kakhulu;
  • Abalandeli nabo bashiye insimu emoyeni, ngakho-ke phezu kwepatio udinga ukunweba inetha noma ukukhwabanisa.

Indlela yokukhuthazelela umkhuhlane

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo luvame ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa elincane, kodwa alihambisani neziqhwaga ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, uma uphawu ku-thermometer liwela ngezansi -10 ° C, kungcono ukushiya ukuhamba kwezinyoni. Ungabakhulula ngosuku olushusayo, olunelanga, olungenamandla, lapho kungekho ubanda obukhulu. Ngaphambilini, udinga ukufafaza insimu enobuningi obukhulu be-sawdust noma utshani. Ngenxa yeqhwa, i-brekel yesiliva ihlushwa ama-combs nama-paws.

Okumele ukondle izinkukhu ezindala

Isisekelo sokudla yimikhiqizo enjalo:

  • okusanhlamvu okuphelele kanye nokwengqimba (ibhali, ukolweni, isilwane, ummbila);
  • ehlobo, ukudla okungama-20% kufanele kube okuluhlaza (i-clover, i-alfalfa, inambuzane, insimu utshani);
  • ngezinye izikhathi ungayifaka inyoni ngemifino yezimpande (beet, izaqathe, i-turnips, amazambane, ithanga);
  • imikhiqizo yezilwane (izibungu, amathambo nenyama yokudla, imikhiqizo yobisi).

Kubalulekile! Esikhathini se-molting, okwenzeka kubesifazane minyaka yonke, izinyoni zidinga ukondla okunamandla kakhulu. Kuyinto evamile ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi bayeke ukuthuthwa.

Kufanele kube nokufinyelela kwamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Ebusika, amanzi kufanele athiswe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwengeza ama-eggshell ekudleni ukuze ukwandise umkhiqizo. Futhi i-brekeli, njenganoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinkukhu, amaminerali ayadingeka. Lezi zingase zibe igobolondo, i-choki, i-limestone, usawoti noma umlotha. Ukuvama kokondla izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku njalo ngamahora angu-6, ngesikhathi sasebusika ubukhulu bezinxenye kumele kukhuliswe.

Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukondla ngokubeka izinkukhu ekhaya.

Izinkukhu zokuzala

Njengoba sibonisile ngaphambili, kunengxabano eningi ngokuphathelene nokuzala okule ndawo. Uma inkukhu ibanjwe ekhuthele kakhulu futhi ibuza, ingase ingakwazi ukuhlala immobile isikhathi eside, ishaqha futhi ikhulise inzalo yayo esikhathini esizayo. Uma unenkukhu enjalo, udinga ukusebenzisa ukusebenzisa i-incubator. Ukuze kube nokukhiqiza okuhle, kubalulekile ukugcina inani elithile labesifazane nabesilisa: kufanele kube ne-rooster eyodwa kuphela yezinkukhu ezingu-8-10.

Funda futhi mayelana nezinketho zokukhetha kanye nezici ze-incubators engcono kakhulu: "Cinderella", "Blitz", "Inkukhu ephelele", "Umdwebo".

I-egg Incubation

Ukuze kusetshenziselwe ukufakelwa, amaqanda amakhulu kunabantu abaphilile abakhethwa njengabesifazane. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokufakelwa ukufakwa kwesikhashana sikuyizinsuku ezingu-7. Ngaphambi kokubeka izinto ezikhethiwe ku-incubator, kufanele zihlolwe ngosizo lwe-ovoscope: noma ngabe zikhona iziphambeko, lapho isikhupha sitholakala khona, uma kukhona ikamelo lomoya (kufanele kube sekupheleni). Okulandelayo, igobolondo iphathwa nganoma yisiphi isisombululo se-disinfectant futhi amaqanda afakwa ku-incubator nge-end extension kuze kube phezulu. Idivayisi isheshisiwe ku-37 ° C.

Uyazi? Kuthatha cishe amahora angu-24 ukwakha iqanda eliphilile oviduct yenkukhu.

Uma ukhula izinkukhu emikhulu emikhulu, kuphakanyiswa ukuthenga i-incubator ekhethekile yezinkampani enezinzwa nokugcinwa okuzenzakalelayo kokushisa nomswakama. Ku-incubator, amaqanda avuthwa amaviki amathathu. Qinisekisa ukuthi uqaphele usuku lokubeka izinto ku-incubator! Izigaba eziyinhloko zenqubo:

  1. Isonto lokuqala Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa ngo-38 ° C, umswakama cishe ngo-60%. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-3-4 kusukela ekuqaleni kokufudumala, i-incubator kufanele ivuleke njalo, futhi amaqanda kufanele aphendukele ngaphesheya.
  2. Izinsuku 8-10. Kubalulekile ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ngo-1 ° C bese kunciphisa umswakama ngo-10%. Inani lokushayela nokujika lifika ngaphansi kwezingu-2 ngelilanga futhi lihlala kuze kube yilapho kukhishwa inzalo.
  3. Isonto lesibili Ukushisa okufanayo, umswakama wehlela ku-45%. Ngalesi sigaba, amaqanda ahlolwa nge-ovoscope futhi ekhethiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-vascular, igodliwe phakathi kweqanda, kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa okulungile kombungu.
  4. Kusukela ngomhla we-19 kuya ku-24 ukukhishwa kuqala. Kubalulekile ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa nomswakama (+ 39 ° ะก, 70%). Ngemuva kokuqothula nokomisa, amaphuphu angadluliselwa ebhokisini elikhethekile.

Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zidinga ukukhanya okufudumayo nokuzinzile okokuqala, baze baqine.

Ukunakekela abasha

Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwa zilinganisa 35-38 g kuphela, zibukeka zingabonakali, zibuthakathaka futhi zizinzile. Nokho, emva kwamahora ambalwa, lapho izimpaphe zoma, izinkukhu zithola ukubukeka okukhangayo. Banamapulangwe amahle futhi banempilo enhle kusukela besencane, ngakho-ke izinga lokusinda lamapiko liphakeme kakhulu - 90-95%. Izinsuku zokuqala eziqukethwe ebhokisini elinokukhanyisa nokushisa. Cishe ngesonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, abantu abasebenza kakhulu kufanele bahlolwe futhi bakhethwe.

Imfuneko yokuhlola:

  • phansi, elula, ayikho ama-patches ama-bald;
  • amehlo aphilile, ahlakaniphile, aselula;
  • amatshwele abonisa umsebenzi kanye nesifiso, asabele ekukhanyeni nasenomsindo;
  • amaphiko awancishiswa, hhayi ayenamahloni, hhayi ukugoqa;
  • azikho amanxeba kanye namathrekhi wegazi noma i-mucus endaweni yezintambo ezigxilile

Uma ufinyelela eminyakeni eyiviki eyodwa, amaphuphu angabekwa ku hen hen.

Ukudla Kwezinkukhu

Izinkukhu zidla ukudla kwazo ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5-2, emva kwalokho zishintshela ekudleni "okudala". Ukuvama kokondla izikhathi ezine ngosuku, ubukhulu bezinxenye kufanele buwanele ukuze izingane zondliwe ngokugcwele. Uma ufinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-60, ubungako besabelo bunganciphisa ngo-15-20%. Isisekelo sokudla kwenkukhu entsha nentsha:

  • iqanda elibilisiwe eliphekiwe;
  • umhlabathi utshani utshani (ozikhethela);
  • umhlabathi wommbila (ungafaka esikhundleni se-decoy).

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zezempilo ze-supplements: amafutha wezinhlanzi, imvubelo, i-ascorbic acid. Lapho izinsana zikhula, ungakwazi kancane kancane ukwengeza ezinye imikhiqizo ekudleni kuze kube yilapho uthunyelwa ngokugcwele kwimenyu "yabantu abadala".

Ukufakwa esikhundleni semifino

Inkukhu brekel igcina ukukhiqiza ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-3-4bese ukhula. Ngakho-ke, ukubuyekezwa kwezinkukhu kungenziwa kanye ngesikhathi esibekiwe.

Ukuqhubekela phambili ezifweni

Ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo zokuboshwa, ukudla okunomsoco nokungabi khona kweqhwa ebusika, i-brekel yesiliva iyokujabulela impilo yayo kanye nokuzivikela kwayo. Lezi zinyoni, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinkukhu, zingaba ne-ingulube. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, kubalulekile ukugoma izinkukhu ezinyangeni ezimbili.

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Ezimweni eziningi, lolu hlobo luthola impendulo enhle evela kubanikazi. Lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba i-brekel yesiliva inokuningi izinzuzo zokuqukethwe:

  • unesandulela-ngculazi esihle kanye nempilo, kafushane ukuthi uyagula;
  • ukunemba kwabesifazane nabesilisa;
  • ijabulela iso ngokubukeka kwayo okuhle, okuvelele;
  • I-Brekel inyama iyakwazisa kakhulu ukunambitheka kwayo okungavamile, okufana nenyama yezigwaca;
  • ngokuqukethwe okuhle, babonisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amahle;
  • Ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila (kunciphisa kancane ebusika);
  • ukudla ngokunganaki nokunakekelwa.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izithiyo ezithize:

  • elahlekile noma evezwe ngendlela engafanelekiyo nasizhivaniya;
  • ama-roost axabana futhi kunzima ukuhlala nezinye izinhlobo;
  • Ngezinye izikhathi bakhumbula amacala kumuntu.

Ividiyo: i-brekel yesiliva izalwa

Izinkukhu zamafama ezinkukhu zibukeza mayelana nokuzalwa kwe-brekel

UCampin noBrekel kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene. Zifana nombala, kepha lokhu akuyona iphuzu (ngoba izinhlobo ezahlukene zingaba nombala ofanayo.) I-Campin inesisindo se-quaverness, futhi lo umehluko. I-Kuropero yilapho i-rooster ineminwe (amabhulu amakhulu omsila, i-lumbar) izinkukhu. Kodwa kunzima ukuthi le nto i-kuropery ngezinye izikhathi iboniswe phansi, kanti kuphela umbelethi onolwazi ngalolu hlobo angakwazi ukubona ukuthi i-campin engasese. , kanye nombala wezinhlanzi ezinamahlombe. Ngokuvamile, ngokuba umlimi wezinkukhu oye wasebenzisana nohlobo iminyaka, azikho izinkinga, kodwa oqalayo kukhona ubunzima kuphela.
I.Gorbunova
//fermer.ru/comment/500893#comment-500893

Ama-brace esiliva ahle kakhulu. Kodwa uhlamvu olusendle, kungcono ukuwakhula ngezinye izinhlobo ezizolile, njenge-Russian crested. Bese bekhula futhi bejabule kakhulu.
Olga Polyakova
//www.pticevody.ru/t4725-topic

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lukhetho oluhle kakhulu kokuqukethwe kusayithi. Kwabaqalayo embonini yenkukhu, lokhu ngeke kube yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima be-brekt instincts brekel. Futhi abalimi abanolwazi olunenkukhu ukugcina lezi zicathulo ezinamahloni ngeke zibe nzima nhlobo. Ngokunakekelwa kwezinkukhu ezifanele, ungathola amazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza amaqanda nezinyama ezihlwabusayo, ezidlayo.