Ukulungiswa kwamagilebhisi ngesikhathi sebusika kuhlanganiswe kusethi yemisebenzi edingekayo futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni isitshalo. Amathiphu wokuthi angakwenza kanjani esifundeni saseMoscow, sikhethile kulesi sihloko.
Ukuqala nini futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwasebusika kufaka phakathi?
Izithelo zomvini zizobe zihlala kanjani ebusika zizoxhomeka ekusebenziseni kahle ngesikhathi sonyaka okhulayo nokuthi ngabe zilungiselelwe kahle yini futhi zimbozwe ngenkathi ebandayo.
Kuwusizo ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhulekele kakhulu emadolobheni.
Imisebenzi yokulungiselela ebusika ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Ukulungiselela.
- Shelter.
Ukulungiselela kuqala ekwindla lapho isigaba se-fruiting siphela ekugcineni. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi umvini uhlushwa ngempumelelo ebusika, ogcwele izinkuni ezanele, okungukuthi, ukhula. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwekwindla, imizamo yomlimi kufanele igxile ikakhulukazi ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imivini eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka iyona. Amahlumela amancane anombala obomvu, afudumele ngisho nangaphansi kwesenzo seqhwa, ukugoba kahle futhi ungaphuli.
Uma kuvezwe emisebenzini yemigodi ekwindla engaphazamiseki imifino eluhlaza, kuzodingeka isuswe. Phela, hhayi nje kuphela abangakwazi ukuchitha ngempumelelo ubusika, bangabuye babe umthombo wokutheleleka kwezinyosi ezinempilo nezifo ze-fungal. 
Kubalulekile! Iphesenti eliphakeme lokusinda ngemuva kobusika emvinini, onomthamo we-0.6-1.3 cm, futhi ingqikithi yayo ayithinti ngaphezu kwesithathu kwesilinganiso. Kulo magatsha liqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini namaminerali angeke avumele amahlumela ukuba afe ehlathini.
Indlela yokulungisa isitshalo sokukhosela
Ukuze umvini uvuthwe ngaphambi kweqhwa, kubalulekile ukunamathela eminye imithetho:
- Khetha ngokufanele izinhlobo ezifanele ukutshala endaweni yakho. Esifundazweni saseMoscow, uLora, Shun, uNadezhda Aksayskaya, Victoria, uNakhodka Azos, Viktor, Super Extra, Phenomenon, Pervozvany, Muscat Summer, Gala, Cherry, iKhadikhadi Suite.
- Kuyo yonke le nkathi, kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo somvini, ukuphendula ngesikhathi sezinkinga ezivela, ukuphilisa izifo, ukuhlinzeka ngezifo zokuvimbela ngamafungicides, ukususa amahlumela abonakalisiwe.
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuvuna futhi ungavumeli umthwalo oqinile emvinini. Amaqoqo amaningi kuwo ayoba, kamuva okuba khona.
- Yeka ukuchelela ngokuqala kwekwindla. Ukulingiswa kwesomiso kuyobangela ukuba uhlelo lwezimpande lwamagilebhisi luqoqe i-phytohormone - i-inhibitor. Nguye ozobambezela ukukhula kwesiko futhi avuse ukuqala kwesigaba sokuphumula. Uzohileleka ekwenzeni izivini eziguga.
- Ukukhiqiza izitshalo zokunisela amanzi ekutheni ekupheleni kwekwephuzile.
- Yenza ukukhulelwa okufika ngesikhathi.
- Yenza ukusika izikwindla.
Uyazi? Zonke izitho zomvini ziqukethe izinto zokwelapha. Njengenye yezingxenye zezidakamizwa, amagilebhisi ashiwo okokuqala emsebenzini wesigqila esingumGreki uDioscorides "iMateria Medica" (77-78 AD).
Ukuchelela okuningi
Phakathi nesikhathi lapho amazinga okushisa aphansi asungulwe futhi ngemva kokudubula kwekwindla, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza izithelo zomvini ezigcwele umswakama. Yenziwa ngoba inhlabathi enomhlabathi egcwele kahle eduze nezimpande igxuma kancane. 
Le nqubo iqala ngeqiniso lokuthi izimbiza ezingenalutho ziguqulwe nxazonke ezihlahleni zehlathi futhi kancane kancane zigcwalise ngamanzi. Esinye isihlahla kufanele siphume emabhakeni amanzi 1 kuya ku-3.
Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amanzi asetshenziswe, amagilebhisi ashisa umhlaba nomhlaba futhi akhiqize indawo yokuhlala. Uma u-Okthoba evuleka kakhulu, ukugezela ukushaja umswakama akukwenziwa.
Umanyolo
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshala kahle isitshalo ngaphambi kokuba ubusika, futhi futhi ukhiphe ukuvimbela ukuvimbela izifo.
Ukondla ngalesi sikhathi, i-superphosphate (25 g / 10 l amanzi) kanye nosawoti we-potash (25 g / 10 l amanzi) kuyodingeka. Izigqoko eziphezulu zomsuka zenziwa ngo-Okthoba, zenza izimbobo ezingama-20 cm ezijulile eduze kwehlathi.
I-Foliar ingcono kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga awe. Basebenzisa i-superphosphate, umlotha, usawoti we-potassium, ama-manganese, insimbi, i-boric acid.
Ukukhipha i-overwintering ye-fungus ebangela isikhutha, i-anthracnose, nebala elimnyama, ekwindla, kuzodingeka ukuthi uphefise amahlathi ngokuxhumana nama-al-copper aqukethe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza ukwelashwa kusuka ku-gray rot "Topsin-M" nakwezinambuzane ezinambuzane - "Decis", "Bi-58" nezinye izidakamizwa.Ukufafaza kwenziwa emva kokuba isitshalo sisusiwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-fertilizer ekwindla awaqukethe i-nitrogen, eyokwenza ukukhula kwezitshalo.
I-VIDEO: INDLELA YOKUQHUBA NOKUBHALA KWAMAGAMA
Ukudubula
Esinye sezigaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulungiselela amagilebhisi ebusika yisihlahla. Abanikazi abanokuhlangenwe nakho kwezivini bayelulekwa ukuba bakhiphe lapho kufika ama-frosts okuqala, kodwa hhayi ngezansi -3 degrees. Iqiniso liwukuthi emva kokuvuna isitshalo kusadingeka unikezwe isikhathi sokuqoqa izakhi. Futhi izihlahla zokuqala ziyokwehlisa kakhulu ukuqina kwesithwathwa saleso sitshalo.
Hlola izici zokusika izivini entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
Lapho usika izihlahla, kufanele wenze imisebenzi emibili - ususe amahlumela amancane, angawasebenzisi futhi usike imivini esivele isusiwe. Ngemikhono ngayinye kufanelekile ukushiya inothi lokufaka endaweni kanye nomcibisholo wezithelo. Ifindo lokufaka endaweni kumele lenziwe kusukela ekuhlungeni okuphansi okwakhula kusukela engxenyeni yangaphandle yesigeji. Ukunciphisa kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi kukhona ama-3-4 amehlo.
Umcibisholo wezithelo usungulwa kusuka egatsheni elitholakala kancane kunehlangothini oluphambene nendwangu yokufaka esikhundleni. Kufanele ibekwe amehlo angu-5-12. 
Ngakho-ke, emva kokudubula, iziqu ezinamandla kakhulu zihlala, zikhula ngokuphindaphindiwe phansi, kanye nemikhono eneziqu, ngonyaka ozayo ozokwenza amagatsha amancane nezandla ngezithelo.
Kubalulekile! Lapho usika izihlahla, kufanele uzame ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanxeba kanye nezigaba zifakwa ngaphakathi kwamahlumela. Ngakho-ke ukuphulukiswa kwabo kokuqala kuyokwenza.
Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokusika izihlahla, zenza izimpande ze-katarovka-zokusika, eziseduze nomhlaba. Ngokuqinisekile ngeke basinde ebusika obunzima, kodwa bangabangela izifo ezimpandeni ezijulile.
Indlela yokumboza amagilebhisi ebusika esifundeni saseMoscow
Kufanelekile ukuqala indawo yokuhlala yamagilebhisi emva kokuba yonke imisebenzi echazwe ngenhla igcwaliswe futhi ama frosts okuqala afike. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kwakukhona i-subzero eqinile yokushisa kuze kube yizi--2 degrees. Lesi simo sivame ukubonwa ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaNovemba.
Zijwayeze ngezinhlobo ezingu-10 ezingavuthiwe zomvini zesifunda saseMoscow.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokugcina amagilebhisi:
- Izindlela zemvelo.
- Izinto zokumboza.
Ground
Isivini singakwazi ukunqoba umhlaba. Lena indlela elula, kodwa hhayi indlela ephumelela kakhulu. Endabeni yokungena kwemvula yokukhosela kanye nokuqothula okukhulu komhlaba, lesi sitshalo singase sife. Lolu hlobo lwendawo yokukhosela lulungele izitshalo ezindala, ezisezinzile kakade. Futhi kulabo abancane kungcono ukukhetha ezinye izindlela.
Imivini kufanele isuswe ezisekelweni, iboshelwe futhi iphonswe phansi, iphathwe nge-sulphate yensimbi (400 g ngalinye ngamanzi ayi-10 l), bese ifafazwa ngezingqimba ezingu-15-cm zomhlabathi omanzi. Ayikho inhlabathi eyomile noma emanzi kakhulu kulezi zinhloso ngeke isebenze. Ifa lokufafaza kufanele lithathwe emigqeni. Ukuhluma okukodwa okukude - endaweni eyi-1 m ukusuka esihlahleni.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele ngemithetho yokucubungulwa kwamagilebhisi ngaphambi kokuhlalisa kanye nezimfihlo zamabhodlela omvini ebusika.
Esikhathini sesifunda saseMoscow kuyinto efiselekayo, ngaphezu kwensimu yezitshalo (ungqimba ka-5-15 cm), ukuze usebenzise indawo yokukhosela, isibonelo, amaqabunga awile, utshani (ungqimba ka-5-15 cm), bese kuthi enye ingqimba yomhlabathi ovulekile (25 cm high). Noma ubeke amashidi e-slate phansi, faka nge-foil, njll. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze umswakama ungangeni ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhosela, engabangela ukubola kwamehlo.
Indawo yokuhlala yokushisa ebusika kuhle ukumboza ngeqhwa - kuyophinde ivumele imivini ukuba ihlale ifudumele. 
Ukuze ulondoloze isikhathi nomzamo endaweni yokukhosela, sebenzisa indlela yokutshala amagilebhisi emathangeni noma emabhokisini afakwe ngamanzi angama-20-30 cm kanye nobubanzi buka-30-50 cm. Amathrenti aqiniswa ngamatini, islate noma amabhodi. Ebusika, izivini zibekwe kulezi zinselo futhi zimbozwe ngamaphepha okuphahla, ukuphahlazeka, ukuzizwa, ifilimu kanye namabhodi.
Kubalulekile! Emva kokubeka umvini ususwe ezisekelweni, kufanele unakekelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awuthinti phansi. Ngaphansi kwalo kufaka izinto eziphilayo noma izingqwembe zamapulangwe.
Izinto ezithuthukisiwe nezithengiwe
Ngalendlela, indawo yokukhosela ihlukaniswe ibe yangaphandle, ekhishwa nje ngokufaka izinto zokwakha kanye nezindlela ezingcono, kanye nokuhlelwa ngaphakathi komkhiwane ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhosela.
Ngaphakathi ngaphansi komvini bese ubeka kuso umuthi wesipuni, utshani, i-sawdust.
Kusukela phezulu sebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene eziseduze noma ezitholakala kwi-hardware esitolo.
Izihlangu zokhuni, amabhokisi enkuni. Umvini ubeka emasimini, futhi izihlangu zokhuni zibekwe ezihlangothini zombili ezihlahleni ngendlela yetende. Ukwengeza, amabhodi avela ngaphakathi aphakanyiswe nge-ruberoid.
Slate. Sebenzisa kuphela ngokuhlanganiswa nesigundane somhlaba. Ibekwa phezulu kwendwangu yomhlabathi. Ngezinhloso ezifanayo basebenzisa i-burlap, amabhodi, nezinye izinto zokwakha. 
I-Agrofibre, ifilimu. Amahlumela ahlanganiswe amagatsha ase-spruce, utshani nezinye izinto eziphilayo, kanti i-agrofibre, ifilimu noma i-lutrasil isetwe phezulu phezulu ezingxenyeni ezingu-2-3. Emaphethelweni wezinto zokwakha zifafazwe ngomhlaba noma zicindezelwe ezintweni ezinzima. 
I-Ruberoid Ama-arcs ama-metal kufanele afakwe ngaphezu kwehlathi futhi kufanele kukhishwe izinto zokuphahla. Ngendlela efanayo, ungakwazi ukumboza nge-polyethylene. 
I-Polyfoam. Lesi sifo sithuthukiswa ngama-needle we-pine, bese sihlanganiswa ne-foam futhi sihlanganiswe ne-foil.
Nini ukufihla emva ebusika
EMoscow, amagilebhisi aqala ukuvula eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli. Uma kusalindeleke ukuba iqhwa, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuyivula kuphela emini yokwethula nokukhanya kwelanga, kodwa akufanele ubuyele imivini ukusekela. Gcina amahlumela afudumele ngaphansi koqweqwe aludingekile, ligcwele imiphumela emibi kubo.
Uma ama-frost afika ngokungalindelekile, ebusuku ebusuku imivini evuliwe kakade ingafakwa nge-agrotex, spunbond. Uma uhlanganisa ifilimu, kuzodingeka uyisuse emini. Amafihledi okulala angamelana namazinga okushisa kuze kube ngaphansi kwezingu-3-4 degrees, ezifake isigaba sokukhula singaphansi kwama-degree angu-1.
Ukudalulwa ngokugcwele kwamagilebhisi akhiqizwa esikhathini lapho kungekho khona ama-frosts asekuseni, amazinga okushisa ahlekile futhi umhlaba usomile. I-Shelter isusiwe, futhi iqhuma ibambelele ezisekelweni.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokudalulwa, ukuchithwa kwe-prophylactic yamagilebhisi ezifweni kanye nezinambuzane ezilimazayo nge-fungicides nezinambuzane kuyenziwa: "Nitrofen", "Karbofos", "Oxyhom", isisombululo sethusi ne-vitriol yensimbi. 
Uyazi? Ukutshalwa kwamagilebhisi kwaqala eminyakeni engaba ngu-6-8 000 edlule eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ubufakazi bokudala bokuvubukula obufakazela ukuthi i-viticulture kanye ne-winemaking ebaluleke kakhulu emphakathini wesintu zitholakala endaweni yaseGeorgia yanamuhla. Ngokusho kososayensi, baneminyaka engaba ngu-8 000 ubudala.Ukulungiswa kwamagilebhisi ebusika kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni isitshalo, ekusebenziseni okulungile okuhambisana nokuphila kwayo nokukhiqiza. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuvuna izivini. Umnikazi ngamunye wesivini angazikhethela eyamukelekayo kakhulu.
