Abakhiqizi bezimoto ezenziwe ekhaya bazama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiphuzo sabo sihlanzekile emafutheni angcolile angenayo futhi ngaphandle kwephunga elimnandi. Ukwenza lokhu, bayayichitha umkhiqizo izikhathi eziningana, ngenxa yokuhlanzwa kwayo. Kodwa nokho indlela engcono yokukhiqiza iziphuzo eziphuza utshwala nokuphuza utshwala ukusebenzisa i-apparatus ngekholomu yokuphuza izidakamizwa. Isimiso sokusebenza kwayo kanye nokwenzeka kokuzikhiqiza sizoxoxwa kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza
Njengoba i-moon iqhubeka, ikholomu yokulungisa yenza i-moon, kuphela yekhwalithi ephezulu, ihlanzwe. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuhloswe ukukhiqizwa utshwala oluhlanzekile u-96%, elisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukuphuza utshwala obuhlukahlukene. 
Utshwala luwumkhiqizo wokucwiliswa kwezidakamizwa, lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwengxube ephuza utshwala (imishini, utshwala obungavamile) zibe yizingxenyana ezihlukene (i-methyl ne-ethyl alcohols, i-fusel amafutha, i-aldehydes) ngamaphuzu ahlukene abilayo kubangelwa ukuqhuma okuphindaphindiwe kokuketshezi kokuqala kanye nokunciphisa umoya.
Okulandelayo, sihlaziya isimiso sokusebenza kwekholomu.
I-cube yama-distillation egcwele utshwala oqukethe utshwala ishushu. Inqubo yokubilisa ishubhu isakhiwe ngokuqinile, ekhuphuka phezulu eceleni kwekholomu. Lapho ulinde umfutho we-reflux, lapho i-steam ikhihliziwe futhi igodliwe.
Uyazi? Amakholomu amakhulu kunazo zonke zokuphuza izidakamizwa afinyelela ku-90 m ukuphakama futhi abe nobubanzi obuyi-16 m. Asetshenziswa embonini yokuhlanza.Ukuwa kwe-condensate (phlegm) kwehla kukholomu egcwele igesi. I-reflux ekhuhlile iqhuma phansi izibhamu ezikhethekile, ezitholakala ngesishusha esishisayo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona ukushisa nokudluliswa kwamanzi, okuphindaphindiwe kaningi futhi kuyisisekelo sokulungiswa.
Ngenxa yalokho, utshwala obuhlanzekile oluqoqayo luqoqwe "ekhanda" lekholomu. Ukuze kulungiswe ukugcina, kukhishwa esiqandisini, lapho i-distillate, okungukuthi, umkhiqizo ophelile.
Ividiyo: ikholomu yokuphuza izidakamizwa nomgomo womsebenzi wayo
Umklamo wefektri yasekhaya
Idivayisi yekholomu yokulungisa iqukethe izingxenye ezihlukene, ubukhulu bokuthi kudingeka kubalwe ngokunembile. Ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka:
- i-distillation cube, noma isitsha esinamanzi aphuza utshwala;
- i-tsarga, noma i-pipe, okuzoba ngumzimba wekholomu;
- i-reflux condenseer lapho i-steam isilahliwe khona futhi ihanjiswa;
- izibhamu ozodinga ukugcwalisa i-rye;
- distillate yokukhetha unit;
- amanzi epholile;
- izingxenye ezincane zokuxhuma izingxenye zesakhiwo kanye nokuqapha ukusebenza kwayo (i-thermometers, automation).
Cabangela ingxenye ngayinye yedivayisi ngokuhlukile.
Ukuqothula ama-cube
Isisekelo saso sonke isakhiwo sisekhona. Lesi yisitsha sezinto eziluhlaza eziqukethe utshwala.
Kungasetshenziswa noma yisiphi isitsha esenziwe ngethusi, enameziwe noma ensimbi engenasici. Abanye abakwa-self-racers basebenzisa umpheki ocindezelayo uma lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kutholakale isivuno esincane sotshwala.
Futhi ungakwazi ukupheka ngokuzenzekelayo isitsha esifanele emakhasini "ensimbi engagqwali".
Ividiyo: indlela yokwenza okuzenzekelayo Izidingo eziyinhloko ukuthi i-cube kumele ihlangane:
- Ukuqina okuphelele: ngesikhathi sokubilisa, umkhumbi awufanele uvumele umoya noma umfutho ukuba udlule, futhi isembozo akufanele sikhishwe ekucindezeni okukhulayo;
- i-out of steam ezovela uma ufaka ukufanela ngaphakathi kwekhanda.
Uma uthenga okwamanje okwenziwe ngomumo, usuvele uhlangabezana nalezi zinqubo. 
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umthamo we-cube ulingana nobukhulu bekholomu. Ukuze uthole ipayipi enobude obuyi-1.5 m no-50 mm ububanzi, udinga ukuthatha amandla angama-40-80 amalitha, u-40 mm we-tsarg umkhumbi we-30-50 litre ufanelana, ngo-32 mm udinga okungenani u-20-30 l, futhi ububanzi obungama-28 mm udinga ukuhle kakhulu efanelekile ukupheka.
Kubalulekile! I-cubic distillation idinga ukugcwaliswa nge-brew engekho ngaphezu kwe-2/3 yemvolumu wayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ikholomu "iyokhahla uma ibilisa".
I-Tsarga
Ipayipi lapho ukulungiswa khona kwenzeka khona kuthiwa umbuso. Lesi isilinda esinobukhulu bodonga ka-1.5 mm nobubanzi buka-30-50 mm. Ukusebenza kwe-crutus kuncike ekuphakameni kwayo: ukuphakama kwepayipi, kancane kancane izingxenyana eziyingozi zihlukanisiwe futhi kutholakala ukuhlanza utshwala.
Ukuphakama okungcono kakhulu kwe-tsarga kungu-1-1.5 m. Uma kufushane, khona-ke ngeke kube khona indawo yamafutha e-fusel ehlukanisiwe kuwo, futhi azobe ese-distillate. Uma ipayipi ide, isikhathi sokulungisa sizokhula, futhi lokhu ngeke kuthinte ukusebenza. 
I-Tsarga yokulungisa ikholomu ngesibhamu Ngokudayiswa kukhona ibha eyenziwe ngomumo we-moon kusukela ku-15 cm ubude. Ungathenga ama-tubes 2-3 bese uwaxhuma munye. Futhi ungenza i-ryga yobude obufunayo wena. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ipayipi engenasipuni.
Ividiyo: indlela yokwenza i-rye ye-distillation ikholomu ngokuzimela Izidingo eziphezulu nezansi ukuze usike intambo ukuze unamathisele phansi ku-cube, futhi unamathisele i-reflux phezulu.
Kusukela phansi, udinga ukunamathela igridi ukuze ubambe amabhulozi okuzogcwaliswa ngalo umgqomo. Abanye ochwepheshe basekhaya bagoqa ipayipi ngokusikhipha, isibonelo, i-raber ye-foam.
Uyazi? Isibhamu sasePanchenkov sakhiwa e-USSR ngo-1981 hhayi ekukhiqizeni utshwala, kepha ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanzwa kwamafutha angcolile we-jet fuel..
Umbukiso
Ukugcwalisa izibhamu ze-tsarga kuyimfuneko yokulungiswa. Uma ipayipi ingenalutho, kuphela inqubo yokuphuza izidakamizwa kuphela, okuyoholela enyangeni, kodwa hhayi ukuphuza utshwala. Inhloso yendawo yokugcwalisa ukwandisa ubuso lapho i-reflux igeleza khona.
Ngakho-ke, izingxenye ezinzima eziyingozi ziyashintsha futhi azikwazi ukungena emkhiqizo wokugcina, futhi isisindo esincane sokuphuza utshwala oluhlanzekile sisuswa. Ukugcwaliswa kufanele kugcwalise ngokuphelele ithubhu.
Isibhamu singasebenza njenganoma yikuphi ukugcwalisa okuvela ezintweni ezingenasici ezingenalutho:
- ingilazi noma amabhola e-ceramic;
- izinsimbi zangasese ezingenasici, eziqoshiwe (ngezikhathi ezithile zidinga ukuguqulwa, njengoba izinto ziwohloka);
- I-Panchenkov busiki (okukhethwa kukho okungcono), okuyiboshwe ngokukhethekile ngethusi noma ngensimbi engagqwali. Izinzuzo zayo: kahle kunciphisa i-phlegm futhi ayihluleki ngesikhathi.
Umbukiso wePanchenkovKubalulekile! I-bzz bast kufanele ivela ensimbi engenalutho. Ungayibheka nge-magnet: ithola insimbi engagqwali.
I-node yokukhetha
Iyunithi yokukhetha iyincetu encane yepayipi phakathi kohlangothini lwe-dorsal kanye ne-dephlegmator. Inhloso yalo ukuqoqa i-phlegm: okokuqala hamba "amakhanda", okungukuthi, ingxenyana ephuza utshwala, bese uya "umzimba", noma utshwala ngaphandle kokunambitheka futhi iphunga elibi. 
Ukukhethwa kwesayithi okuzenzelayo konke kwenza ngokuhlukile, kodwa kumgomo ofanayo. Isibonelo:
- kuya emgodini wangaphandle, ububanzi bawo obuhambisana nobubanzi be-tsarg, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, weld ithubhu elincane ukuze phakathi kwabo kuhambisane nendawo ephaketheni ephaketheni, lapho okuzoqoqwa khona ingxenye ye-phlegm;
- Esikhundleni se-tube, ipuleti engenasipuni ihlangene ngaphakathi, ehambelana nobubanzi obungaphakathi bombayipu, enombhoshongo ngaphakathi: ingxenye ye reflux izoqoqwa epulatifeni, kanti abanye bayowela emgodini emuva ebhasini.
Ividiyo: ukukhetha isayithi ngokwakho Izimbobo ezimbili zezinyunyana ezimbili zenziwa emgqeni ongaphandle: itampom ifakwe komunye ukukhipha i-reflux ne-thermometer efakwe kwenye (encane) ukukala izinga lokushisa kwe-steam.
I-Deplogmator
Phezulu kwesakhiwo ngu-dephlegmator. Lapha umusi ushihliwe, uvunyelwe futhi usuvele usuhlobo lwamaconsiksi uthunyelwa phansi. 
Ngezandla zakho siqu, ungenza izinketho eziningana zabaphangi:
- Ishidi noma ukugeleza okuqondile ukuveza umfutho Yenziwe ngamapayipi amabili obubanzi obuhlukene. Amanzi agelezayo ajikeleza phakathi kwawo, futhi ngaphakathi kwepayipi elincane umusi uphenduka ube yi-condensate. I-tube yangaphandle ingashintsha kalula i-thermos case, intamo yayo ekhonjiswe kuyo iyunithi yokukhetha. Ngaphansi kwe-thermos kubalulekile ukwenza umgodi we-TCA, okungukuthi, uxhumano lwamathambo nomkhathi, okuzophuma kuzo izimbambo ezingadingekile.
Ividiyo: isimiso sokusebenza se-dephlegmator esisebenza ngokuqondile
- I-Deprogmator Dimrota ephumelela kangcono kunomfanekiso wangaphambilini. Umzimba uyipayipi yobubanzi obufanayo njengamanzi. Ngaphakathi it tube elincane, elinyanyiswe ukuvunguza, lapho amanzi abandayo uhamba. Uma ububanzi bekholomu buyi-50 mm, khona-ke ukuvunguza kufanele kusonteke kusuka kwipayipi enobubanzi obuyi-6 mm nobude bamamitha amathathu. Khona-ke ubude be-dephlegmator bayoba yi-25-35 cm.
Ividiyo: umhlangano wekholomu yokuphuza izidakamizwa ne-Dimroth reflux condenser
- I-Shell-and-Pipe Deplegmator liqukethe amapayipi amaningana: amapayipi amancane afakwe phakathi kwezinkulu, lapho ukunciphisa kwe-steam kwenzeka khona. Le model inezinzuzo eziningana: amanzi aphansi kancane adliwe futhi umusi ucolile ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mklamo unamathele kukholomu engxenyeni, okunciphisa ukuphakama kwawo.
Ividiyo: isimiso sokusebenza se-shell-and-tube dephlegmator
Ifriji
Isiqandisini esincane, noma i-aftercooler, siyadingeka ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kwe-ethylene eligeleza kusukela ekhanda lokukhipha. Yenziwa ngesimiso se-shirt dephlegmator, kodwa kusuka emathinini we-diameter encane.
Funda indlela yokwenza i-apple moonshine.
Ibuye ibe nemidlana emibili yamanzi: ingena emanzini aphansi abanda abandayo, itholakala phezulu futhi ithunyelwa ama-tubes a-silicone kuya ku-dephlegmator ngenjongo efanayo.
Isivinini samanzi silawulwa yipompi.
Ividiyo: indlela yokwenza isiqandisisi se-do-it-yourself ikholomu yokuphuza izidakamizwa
I-Tsarga pasteurization
Ibhodi le-pasteurization akuyona into edingekayo yekholomu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, luyinkimbinkimbi yokuklama okuyisisekelo. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, luyithuthukisa, njengoba luhlanza ngokuphelele utshwala oluvela ezingxenyeni zekhanda ngesikhathi kulungiswa konke.
Isifuba esincanyana (30 cm) sinesidingo esengeziwe sokukhetha. Iqedela i-rye main. "Izinhloko", njengokujwayelekile, zivela kumuntu odelayo, kodwa hhayi ekuqaleni, kodwa njalo.
Utshwala luqoqwa kusukela ekukhetheni okuphansi kwe-tsarga encane. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ubungcweti obuningi bokuphuza utshwala. 
I-Automatic
Inkqubo yokulungisa isikhathi eside ingahlala amahora. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuze "amakhanda" kanye "nemisila" ingabonakali ngengozi "nomzimba". Ngeke kube yinkimbinkimbi uma ufaka ukuzenzekelayo okuhle ukulawula ukulungisa kabusha. Kule njongo kuhloswe i-BUR (i-unit control control unit). Ibhokisi lingenza lokhu okulandelayo:
- vula amanzi ukupholisa ekushiseni okuthile;
- ukunciphisa amandla ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kwe-phlegm;
- yeka ukhetho ekupheleni kwenqubo;
- cisha amanzi nokushisa ngemva kokuphela komsila.
Ungakwazi ukwenza uhlelo ngalolu hlelo ngokubeka i- "start-stop" nge-valve: lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, liyeka isampuli, uma lizinza, liqala kabusha isampuli.
Ungenza ngaphandle kokuzenzekelayo, kodwa kulula kakhulu ngakho.
Ividiyo: Ukuzenzekelayo kwekholomu yokuphuza izidakamizwa
Izinzuzo nokungalungi kwindlela yokulungisa
Izinzuzo:
- umkhiqizo oqediwe yi-alcohol ephelele kakhulu engu-96% ngaphandle kokungcola okulimazayo;
- kumodi yokuphuza izidakamizwa, ungenza i-moonshine ne-organoleptics oyifunayo;
- i-ethyl utshwala kungaba yisisekelo sanoma yisiphi isiphuzo sokuphuza utshwala;
- Ungakwazi ukuklama idivayisi ngalokhu ngokwakho.
Ukungalungi:
- i-ethylene ayikho umkhiqizo womthombo we-organoleptic;
- inqubo yokulungisa impela isikhathi eside: akukho litha elilodwa lama-distillate lingatholakala ngehora;
- imiklamo eyenziwe ngomumo yabiza kakhulu.
Yikuphi ukwaziswa okungcono kakhulu
Ukulungiswa kuhloswe ukuhlanzwa kakhulu kotshwala kusuka ekungcoleni okuhlukahlukene. Imininingwane eyenza ikholomu akumele ithinte izinga noma ukunambitheka komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, lokho okumele kube khona kufanele kube yi-inert ye-chemistry, engeyona imfucumfucu futhi ayithinti ukunambitheka nokuphunga kwe-distillate.
Insimbi enhle engenalutho, okungukuthi, i-chromium-nickel insimbi engagqwali. Akukhambelani kwamakhemikhali futhi akuthinti ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo.
Izithako ziphuza ezenziwe ngokufaka imfucuza ephuziweyo, i-vodka noma i-moon ngezithelo ezihlukahlukene, imbewu, izinongo, imifino enomsoco nokuphulukisa. Sincoma ukuthi sifunde izindlela zokupheka ezenziwe ngama-tinctures kusuka ku: blackfruit, cherry, i-cranberry, i-currant emnyama, i-plum, i-pine nati, ama-lilacs, ama-apula kanye ne-bison.
Ikholomu yokuphuza izidakamizwa ingabizwa ngokuthi i-moon-generation generation, ngoba ikhiqiza utshwala obuhle kakhulu. Ukwenza le divayisi ngezandla zakho kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa uma wenza umzamo, itafula lezinsuku liyohlala libhekwa ngophuzo oludakayo olungokwemvelo olwenziwe ekhaya.
