U-Ezhovikami noma ama-blackberries abizwa ngokuthi amakhowe, ngaphambilini ayebhekiswe emndenini wakwaGidnum, futhi namuhla ayingxenye yemindeni ehlukene neyesizwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-hedgehog. Okujwayelekile kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni sethu.
Ingabe izidakamizwa ziyadliwa?
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-hedgehogs ezithakazelisayo kumakhethi we-mushroom. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kunezidlo ezidliwayo, ezidliwayo futhi ezingenakulungiswa. Aziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi. Ukunambitheka kwazo zonke ezhovikov akukona kakhulu. Ukunambitha, kungathi zikhumbuza amakhowe noma ama-chanterelles. Lezi amakhowe zingcono kakhulu uma zisencane.
Izinhlobo zamakhowe kanye nencazelo yazo
Funda incazelo nezithombe zezinhlobonhlobo zezincwadi, kanye nezincomo zokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Ukuhlangabezana nezinhlobo ezidliwayo zamakhowe.
Okudliwayo
Phakathi kokudla okuvame kakhulu kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha. Ngezansi uzothola incazelo yabo emfushane. I-Alpine. Amakhowe alolu hlobo afinyelela ngobukhulu kusukela ku-5 ukuya ku-30 cm. Akhanya, nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abumnyama futhi bathole umthunzi ongcolile. Ziyizinqwaba zamahlumela ezinama-spikes ngendlela yama-cones angu-2 cm ubude, ezibekwa esiteshini esiphansi. Ngokuvamile, abameleli bezinhlobo ze-alpine bahlala ku-fir, kodwa bangase bahlangane namanye ama-conifers. Iningi livame ukuhlangana ezindaweni ezintaba kusukela ephakathi kwehlobo kuze kuphakathi kwekwindla. Mhlophe I-hedgehog emhlophe ivame ukudideka nezinye izinhlobo - i-hedgehog ephuzi, ngoba ibheka ikhophi yayo encane, enekhanda elimhlophe noma eliphuzi kuphela. Unomthamo wamasentimitha amahlanu kuya ku-12. Ezingxenyeni ezincane nje i-convex, neyokuphela iphelile. Lapho usukhulile liphenduka lihambelane ne-notch phakathi. Ngezansi kukhona ama-spines amafushane ahlanzekile noma anemibala embala.
Bafika emlenzeni ofinyelela ekuphakameni kuka-6 cm nobubanzi buka-3 cm. Inyama imhlophe, ijabulise ukunambitheka futhi iphunga, inezithelo. Kunzima kune-urchin ephuzi. Kubonakala cishe zonke izinhlobo zamahlathi eNyakatho Melika, e-Eurasia. Ufake ama-mycorrhiza nge-conifers. Ikhula kuphela emhlabathini we-lime, efanelekile ukubilisa, ukucheka, ukusawoti, ukuma. Hlanganisa Ummeleli walezi zinhlobo unombukiso othakazelisayo, ngenxa yokuthi awukwazi ukudideka nanoma yikuphi amanye amakhowe - isidumbu sesithelo sakhiwe njengesethi se-scallops ewa phansi kuze kufike ku-25 cm ubude beige, ukhilimu, umbala ophuzi, umbala omhlophe. Isisindo sawo sifike ngamakhilogremu amabili. Ukuma kuyindilinga noma akulungile. Inyama yinyama, iyigwecwe emhlophe. I-mushroom phakathi "nokuzingela okuthulile" idlula kakhulu kakhulu. Kungabonakala emithonjeni yemithi, emaphutha aseCrimea, eMpumalanga Ekude naseChina.
Isikhathi sokubukeka - ukuphela kwehlobo-ekwindla. Ngenxa yobukeka bokuqala, kunamanye amagama amaningi - mane wezingonyama, ikhanda lezinkukhu, ama-mushroom noodles, intshebe yomkhulu. Isetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko yaseShayina ukuqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokuphathwa kwezifo zesigubhu sezinsi, kanye nesifo se-antiseptic. Lo ungomunye wabamele abakhulu kunazo zonke ze-ezhovikov. Ukunambitheka kwalo kufana nenyama yezinhlanzi noma izimbiza. Embonini yokudla isetshenziswa njenge-agent ye-flavoring.
Uyazi? Ochwepheshe baqhuba njalo ukutadisha isenzo sokunciphisa inhlanganisela ye-hedgehog. E-Russia, abasebenzi be-State Research Institute for New Antibiotics. I-GF I-RAMS ne-Institute of Organic Chemistry. N. D. Zelinsky. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kumagundane we-laboratory kwafakazela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwamapungus okumnandi kungavimbela ukukhula kwesisu futhi kwandise impilo yezilwane.Okuphuzi I-ehovikovyh eyaziwayo ejwayelekile kakhulu. I-cap ifinyelela ku-4 kuya ku-15 cm ububanzi. Ngesikhathi esencane, ifakwe ku-shadow shades of red or orange. Ngokuvuthiwe - kuba mnyama. Ekuqaleni kuba yi-convex, futhi ekupheleni kokuphila kuphazamisekile emaphethelweni aphansi. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lugcwele izihlungi. Isiqu se-cylinder ephuzi ngesimo sesilinda, ukuphakama kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-8 cm, ubushelelezi, buphuzi. Inyama iyahlupha kakhulu. Udwezwe amathoni aphuzi. On ukunambitheka - nge isitifiketi izithelo.
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Amavithamini amaningi ngokwabo anamakhowe afunwa ngamakhowe.I-Coral-like. Umzimba wesithelo salolu hlobo ufana nokubonakala kwegatsha le-coral. Unamagatsha amaningi amhlophe. Inyama yabamele abancane bezinhlobo zimhlophe. Lapho nje umkhuhlane ukhula, uphenduka ophuzi. Ikhula emithini efile. I-mushroom ibhekwa njengokudliwayo, kepha ukuqoqwa kwayo kuvinjelwe ngenxa yesimo sayo sokuvikelwa - kubhaliwe eNcwadini Ebomvu YeRussia njengezinhlobo ezingavamile.
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Isimo esidliwayo
Iningi labameleli be-Yezhovikov bahlukanisa njengama-mushroom angenakulungiswa noma angenayo.
Ophuzi obomvu. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinekhanda elibomvu elibomvu-elibomvu lokuma okungavamile nemiphetho ephihliwe. Ngezansi kunezinhlanzi eziningi ezihamba emlenzeni ngesimo se-papillae. Umlenze ubukhulu futhi obukhulu, obomvu umbala. Inyama iyinyama. Unombala wekhilimu. Uma ucindezela i-orange. Izithelo zemifino ekwindla. Itholakala emahlathini axutshwe ne-coniferous. Motley I-hedgehog i-variegated noma i-tiled, i-scaly, inesikhwama sombala obomvu noma obomvu nezikali ezimnyama ezihlelwe embuthanweni. Ngesikhathi esencane, ukuma kwayo kuyi-convex nemiphetho ephakanyisiwe; kumuntu ovuthiwe, iphenduka i-concave noma i-funnel enemiphetho egobile. Umlenze walezi zinhlobo ufinyelela ku-6-8 cm ukuphakama. Ilukhuni, bushelelezi, kancane luyi-fibrous, ngesimo se-cylinder, lukhuphukela phansi. Umbala uvumelana ne-hat - brown noma gray. Inyama imhlophe noma imhlophe, enamanzi, i-amakhowe amnandi iphunga.
Abameleli besikhathi esidala bahlambalaza. Isikhathi sokuvela kwabameleli balezi zilwane - ekupheleni kwehlobo-ekwindla ephakathi. Ikhula e-Eurasia, ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esilinganiselwe. I-Hedgehog motley ibekwe njengamakhowe aphansi. Akunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise ngaphandle kokwelapha ukushisa, ikakhulukazi imfucuza ye-gray-poisoning kungenzeka. Lapho usemncane, i-fungus ingasetshenziselwa u-salting noma njengendlela yokuphuza emva kokubilisa imizuzu engu-8-10.
Uyazi? Abantu baseNorway basebenzisa izibonelo ezindala zendwangu enemibala ukuze bathole upende oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lokudaya ubisi bezimvu.Psevdoezhovik gelatinous. Elinye igama lalezi zinhlobo yi-ice fungus. Isikhwama sakhe sifana nesithandwa noma ulimi olunezinhlangothi ezigobile. Ikhula ngobubanzi ngo-7.5 cm. Izihlahla zitholakala engxenyeni yayo engezansi. Ingxenye engenhla ifakwe ngezimpawu ezimhlophe, ezimpunga. Lapho umuntu esemdala, kuba mnyama. Umlenze unokuphakama kwe-5 cm. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi awukho. I-pulp i-gelatin, i-translucent. Iphunga elimnandi nelinambitha. Kutholakala kumazwekazi amathathu - i-Eurasian, eNyakatho Melika, e-Australia.
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Inedible
Imithombo eminingi ithi wonke ama-hedgehogs awayingozi kubantu kanti ayenawo ubuthi. Zibhekwa zingenakutholakala kuphela ngenxa yokungabi nambitheka noma ukunambitheka okunomunyu kakhulu, kanye nephunga elimnandi. Izinhlobo ezingenakulinganiswa ze-ezhovikov ezingaphezu kwalezo ezingadliwa.
Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani ama-toadstool aphuzi kanye namakhowe anobuthi ekhula ezihlahleni, kusukela emazazini adla kanye nama-boletus.I-Striped. Le i-urchin ayiyona isivakashi esivela emahlathini ahlanganisiwe aseMpumalanga Ekude naseSiberia; kuyilwane engavamile. Ekubukeni kubakhumbuza umdaka wezinyanga ezimbili. Ubomvu obomvu nemigqa yokukhanya ekhulu ukulinganisa u-10 cm ububanzi. Umlenze obomvu, omncane. Izithelo ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Akufanelekile ukudla.
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Funda futhi mayelana nomndeni wefungi - i-russia.I-Klimakodon enhle. I-mushroom ingabonwa yi-flat-convex noma i-convex cap. Ngefomu, ingaba ngesimo semicircle noma fan. Umbala - omhlophe, obomvu, u-orange. Iziphahla zitholakala ku-0.8 cm ubude engxenyeni yayo ephansi. Asemhlophe noma e-oranged. I-Klimakodon ayikho imilenze. Inyama imhlophe, i-fibrous. Ukunambitheka nokuphunga kwakhe akusekho. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo ziwela ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba ezihlahleni noma ezihlahleni ezifile.
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Ukubheka ama-hedgehogs: i-ecology nokusabalalisa
Indawo yokusabalalisa i-Ezhovikov yi-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika, e-Australia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esilinganiselwe, kodwa nasezindaweni ezipholile, njengeMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia, e-Urals. Ngokuvamile bakhetha inhlabathi enhlabathini emasimini ahlanganisiwe, amaqabunga obusika kanye no-moss for fruiting. Cishe zonke ama-hedgehogs zakha i-mycorrhiza nge-conifers, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile iyakutholakala eduze kwamapayipi, izihlahla, futhi itholakala eduze nemithi ye-birch.
Funda indlela yokomisa amakhowe ama-oyster, ama-pickle chanterelles, amaqanda amaqanda, amakhowe asendle, ama-chanterelles, ama-mushroom ama-oyster namakhowe amhlophe.Ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezindala, izihlahla ezifile, iziqu. Bangakwazi ukukhula bobabili ngabanye nangamaqembu. Uma ziqoqiwe, ama-caps azo cishe ahlangane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi adala "imibuthano yobuthakathi". Inkathi ye-fruiting iqala ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi ihlala kuze kube phakathi no-ekwindla. Ukulimala kweMisa kwenzeka ngo-Agasti-ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Kungenzeka futhi kanjani ukutshala amakhowe ezweni?
AmaHedgehogs angakhula ezimweni zezwe. Izinti zokhuni ezinezinhlamvu zingathengwa ezitolo ngemikhiqizo engadini. Emoyeni ovulekile, amakhowe angatshala kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, endlini, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Zihluma ngokhuni, ngokwesibonelo, ezigodini ezisanda kuqothulwa zisusiwe emahlumela. Kufanele ibe ngu-15-20 cm ububanzi futhi ibe m 1 ubude. Ngaphambi kokubeka amakhowe amakhowe, izinkuni kufanele zifakwe emanzini bese zibopha izimbobo phakathi nobude obuyi-4 cm nobubanzi buka-0.8 cm njalo ngamasentimitha angu-10. Emva kokufaka izinti zamakhowe, izingodo zimbozwe ngefolishi futhi zifakwa ekamelweni elifudumele nelomnyama. Bazodinga ukuphuziswa kabili noma kathathu ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa.
Kubalulekile! Kudingekile ukuthi usebenze ngamakhuni amakhowe ngezandla ezingenalutho ezigciniwe noma ezigciniwe eziphephile.Ukukhanya kwezigxoko kukhuthazela emva kokuba i-mycelium ivela. Ukuvuna kufanele kulindeleke emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ubusika bezinkuni kuzodinga ukwenza indawo yokuhlala. Izitho zomzimba kufanele zinqunywe zisencane.
Imithetho yokugcina ezhovikov
AmaHedgehogs angagcinwa esiqandisini. Nokho, hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezintathu, ngenxa yokubonakala kobunzima nokufutheka. Ngaphandle kwesiqandisisi, ziyasetshenziswa amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu kuphela, bese kuba mnyama. Ngaphambi kokuwabeka esitokisini, kufanele ahlanzwe, agwetshwe ngamanzi anosawoti, omisiwe. Gcina esikhwameni esivaliwe ngokuqinile. Ama-hedgehogs afaneleka ukuma, kodwa ngale ndlela yokulondolozwa, baqina. Amakhowe omisiwe asetshenziswa njengesizathu sesobho, ama-broth, ukugqoka, amasoso, i-gravy.
Kuwusizo kakhulu ukudla amakhowe anjengokuthi: ingulube, i-cep, i-boletus, i-boletus nama-mushroom.Impilo yabo yesheluli yiminyaka emibili kuya kwemibili. Ngaphambi kokumiswa, amakhowe awagezwa, kepha kuphela ahlanzwa futhi asula ngempahla eyomile. Bese uthathe amacwecwe amancane ka-0.5 cm. Ahlelwe ebhodini lokubhaka, elimbozwe ngesikhumba, ukuze bangathinti. Bese kufakwa kuhhavini, kusengaphambili kuya emazingeni angu-45. Ngemuva kokuthi amapulethi ayomile kancane futhi angakwazi ukuqeda kalula isikhumba, izinga lokushisa liphakanyiswe kuma-degrees angu-70. Ukumisa kwenziwa ngomnyango ovulekile ovini. Yisebenzise ngezigaba eziningana ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili. Amakhowe asetshenziwe kufanele aguqe, kodwa angaphuli. Amakhowe angaphathwa futhi.
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Indlela yokupheka ama-hedgehogs
Ekuphekeni ezhoviki esetshenziswa njalo. Ingabe yiziFulentshi zazo ezilungiselela izitsha ezihlukahlukene futhi ziphakathi kwamakhowe amahle kakhulu. Ukuqukethwe kwekhalori komkhiqizo kuphansi - amagremu angu-100 aqukethe ama-30 kcal. Ngokuqondene nenani lokudla okunomsoco, kukhona amagremu ama-3.7 amagciwane, ama-1.7 amagremu amafutha no-1.1 amagremu ama-carbohydrate.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba ama-urchins eqoqa izinto eziyingozi ezivela emvelweni emizimbeni yezithelo, amakhowe kuphela aqoqwe ezindaweni ezihlanzekile ezifanelekile kufanele adliwe.Kunezeluleko ezimbalwa zokupheka ezhoviki. Ngakho, ngaphambi kokupheka, qiniseka ukuthi ususa imithi. Kunezibonelo ezithile ezidinga ukupheka okugunyazayo ukususa ukufutheka. Izinhlobo ezifanayo njengenqwaba, izimpondo, ama-coral, azidingi ukubilisa. Bangakwazi ukuthoma ngokushesha noma bakhuphe.
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Frying
Ukuze ufeze ama-mushroom, kufanele ahlanzwe futhi asuse izinsalela ze-mycelium. Те разновидности, которые требуют предварительной обработки, следует отварить либо вымочить. Грибы порезать. Затем на разогретую сковороду налить растительное масло и поместить на нее ежовики. Жарку необходимо осуществлять на малом огне. Когда грибы станут немного мягкими, нужно добавить к ним порезанный тонкими кольцами либо полукольцами лук и посолить.
Если во время жарки испарился весь сок, следует накрыть сковороду крышкой. Amakhomikhali acatshangwa ephekwe uma esigaye mnyama, akhipha iphunga elimnandi futhi alithambile. Ukwengeza isipayisi bese ubenza ngisho nokufiphaza, imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokulungela kumele ufake ukhilimu omuncu. Kumele ibekwe phezu kwamakhowe, akufanele kuthinte ngezansi. Ngandlela-thile, ngokungafani namanye amakhowe, kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-urchin ukuthi ngesikhathi sokudoba akunciphisi ngesayizi.
Ukupheka
Ngaphambi kokupheka amakhowe, susa izinsalela zomhlabathi, izimpande ezivela emzimbeni wesithelo. Bahlanzwa ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo. Faka emanzini abandayo, ulethe ngamathumba uphinde ubilise imizuzu engu-15-20. Ukuze isobho, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-mushroom ehlanganisiwe, isidlo ngeke sibe yiphunga elimnandi nje nge-spoon ebomvu. I-Hedgehog - i-mushroom engaziwa kakhulu ngabaqoqi be-mushroom.
Zijwayeze ngamakhowe anjengokuthi: ukugcwalisa okumhlophe, ukhula lwe-aspen, ama-chanterelles, amakhowe kaSathane, amakhowe ase-aspen, i-morel ne-black truffle.Akuvame ukuthathwa ngoba babheka ukuthi ayinakulinganiswa, noma abafuni ukukhohlisa iziphambane, ezingcolisa ibhasikidi namanye amakhowe endleleni eya ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ezinye zezinhlobo zayo zisetshenziselwa ukunambisa, ukupheka nokusawoti. Okumnandi kunawo wonke kukhona ophuzi, omhlophe ne-az ezhoviki. Amakhomikhali asetshenziselwa ukupheka kuphela esemncane, ngoba izibonelo ezindala zivame ukunambitha okubabayo futhi zine inyama eqinile. Ezinye zezilwane zingakwazi ukukhula ezimweni zezwe.
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Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
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