Sekuyisikhathi eside i-Oak ibhekwa njengomuthi okhethekile. Okhokho bethu nabo bakhulekela lesi siqhwaga esihloniphekile, besitshela izimangaliso ezingenakwenzeka futhi ezingenakuqhathaniswa namandla omlingo. Isizathu saleso simo sengqondo sokuhlonipha, yiziphi izici ezikhethekile futhi kungenzeka ukuba sikhule umuthi we-oki ku-dacha yethu, ake sizame ukuqonda lesi sihloko.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-oak yesiNgisi, i-oak ejwayelekile noma i-oak ehlobo, limele ummeli we-beech. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yisibindi eside phakathi kwezihlahla, isilinganiso seminyaka engu-400, kodwa singafinyelela ku-1500.
Uhlelo lomsuka, amagxolo, umqhele
I-oki yizitshalo ezihlala njalo ezinomsoco ezihlala njalo, ngakho-ke inesimiso esinamandla nesasungulwe, esikunikeza ukuphikisana okukhulu nezici zangaphandle zemvelo:
- Uhlelo lwempande lomuthi lujulile kakhulu. Umuntu osemusha uvame ukuba nomsuka owodwa-onjengezimpande eside, okuvela kuyo izimpande zesikhashana njengoba zikhula phakathi neminyaka eyisikhombisa yokuqala;
- Ukuphakama kwe-trunk kungafinyelela ngamamitha angu-40-50, ukuqina kwe-trunk kuyaqhubeka kancane kancane kuyo yonke impilo yomuthi;
- i-bark iyashintsha ukubonakala kwayo kuye ngokuthi iminyaka yesitshalo: kubantu abasha ngokuvamile i-gray grey, ngaphandle kwemifula ecacile, ebushelelezi, kodwa njengoba ikhula ikhula, ibonakala ingalingani, umbala uqala ukuguqula emgodini omnyama ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-brown shades;
- umqhele womuthi usakazeka, ukhulu futhi unzima. Umqhele ungafinyelela amamitha angu-25 ububanzi.
Amahlumela, amaqabunga, amaqabunga
Amahlumela omuthi wesihlahla kaningi ayengabonakali noma ahlanganiswe ne-fuzz encane, njengombuso, anombala obomvu noma obomvu ngemibala eminingi. Amaqabunga ajikelezileyo, abe nomthunzi kancane kancane kune-shoot and surface scaly. Amahlamvu yi-oak omnyama ohlaza. Amaqabunga anesimo se-oblong ovoid nge-lobes esondelene, i-petiole emfushane nemithanjeni eminingi. Usayizi we-Leaf ungahluka kusuka ku-7 ukuya ku-35-40 cm. Amahlamvu amancane aneminwe.
Izimbali, izithelo
I-oak pedunculate iyisitshalo esifanayo sobulili, ngokulandelana, futhi izimbali zayo zifana nocansi. Amantombazane ayaqhakaza ngamacici aluhlaza elele phansi, ahlanganisa izimbali ezincane eziphuzi. Izimbali ze-pistillate zibomvu, ezincane, ezise-axils yamaqabunga, ziqoqwe ezincane ezincane ze-inflorescences kuze kube yizingcezu ezingu-5. 
Izithelo zomuthi wezithelo. Siyazi izithelo ze-oki njengama-acorns - ama-nuts ama-brown avuliwe, ama-2-7 cm ngobukhulu ngemivimbo emnyama emnyama, ngayinye ibekwe "esidlekeni" sayo senkomishi. I-acorns yokuqala ivela ezihlahleni eziye zahamba iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40.
Uyazi? Naphezu kokuvuna okuningi, ngokusho kwezibalo, kusukela ku-10,000 amantongomane kuphela ama-acorn angaba i-oki.
Lapho ama-Oaks akhula: Usakazeka
I-Oak ejwayelekile ngokubonakalayo ingabonwa ngezifanekiselo eziningi nezimpawu ze-Old Yurophu. EYurophu YaseYurophu ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesihlahla luvame kakhulu. Ikhula futhi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia naseNtshonalanga ye-Asia. Eningizimu, itholakala ezifundeni zezintaba zoLwandle OluMnyama noCaucasus.
Hlola ukulinganisa kwezihlahla ezingu-12 ezinhle kakhulu zezimbali.
Kungenzeka yini ukukhula kuleli lizwe
I-green, ekhulayo isibindi eside ibheka umxhwele kakhulu, futhi abalimi abaningi baphupha ukuphumula emthunzini womqhele wakhe. Kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule ngokuzimela umuthi we-oki e-dacha, zama ukuwuhlola. Ukwandisa i-oak kulesi sakhiwo kuvamile ukuklama komhlaba, kubonakala kukhulu kakhulu eduze kwezinga lezihlahla zezitshalo nezihlahla ze-coniferous. 
Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-oki idinga isikhala esikhulu sendawo kanye nensizakalo yomhlabathi yokukhula, futhi ikwazi "ukuphanga" omakhelwane bayo izakhi. Ukuze i-oki ingakukhathazi futhi ijabule iso, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe indawo efanele yokutshala kwayo futhi ulandele ukwakheka kwesitshalo, ungawuvumeli ukuba ukhule ngokweqile.
Ukukhetha indawo
Ukwenyuka kwe-oki kusayithi akulula njengoba kubonakala ekuqaleni. Ukuze usebenze kahle, kufanele ulandele imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala izitshalo. Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha indawo efanele ye-giant esizayo.
Kubalulekile! Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngisho ne-oki encane inezimpande ezithuthukile kakhulu futhi uthanda isikhala, ngakho kufanele ugweme ukutshala isihlahla eduze kakhulu nezinye izitshalo.
Ngidinga ukukhanyisa
U-Oak uthanda ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo okuhle, kubaluleke kakhulu engxenyeni engenhla yomqhele. Kulokhu, umthunzi we-lateral wesihlahla awukwesabeki. Kulokhu, ukutshala indawo evulekile evulekile ye-site enezihlahla eziseduze nezihlahla eziphansi.
Izidingo zomhlaba
Iphuzu lesibini elibalulekile ukunquma inhlabathi efanele - lena enye yezimfihlo eziyimpumelelo ekuphumeleleni kokulima kwe-oki. Umuthi uthanda inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi, kepha awubekezeli ukwanda kwe-asidi, ngakho-ke akufanele ukhule i-oki eduze kwama-conifers.
Kuzizwa kahle kakhulu ku-loam fertile, nakuba kungenzeka kakhulu emhlabathini ompofu, omile. I-Oak isimiso esomile, ayithandi amanzi aphelile futhi umswakama obuningi ngokwemvelo.
Ukushisa nezimo zezulu
I-oak evamile isitshalo esithandayo esishisa, esivame ukulwa nesithwathwa, kodwa kubanda kakhulu kungalimaza amagxolo esihlahla, bese kwenza ama-breakers-breakers. Iphikisana kakhulu nesomiso nomoya ngenxa yokuvela okujulile kwezimpande.
Izici zokufika
Ukuze umuthi omncane we-oak uthathe izimpande kusayithi lakho, udinga ukukhokha kakhulu ukutshala nokunakekelwa okulandelayo kwesihlahla.
Funda futhi indlela yokutshala i-oak ebomvu.
Uma utshala u-oak pedunculate
Ukutshala kwabantu abasha kunconywa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze. Uma ukukhiqizwa kukwenziwa nge-acorns, khona-ke bahlwanyelwa ekwindla noma ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, eduze kukaMeyi, kulokhu kusukela ekwindla kuze kufike ama-acorns agcinwe endaweni epholile, emnyama emswakama ophezulu. 
Izindlela ezikhulayo
I-oki ye-pedunculate ingazalwa ngokusika noma ukuhluma kusuka emahlathini. Cabanga ngalokho okushiwo lezi zindlela.
Cuttings
Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla nge-cuttings kuyindlela enzima kakhulu, kepha ikuvumela ukuba ukhule umuthi ngaphandle kwezindleko ezikhethekile. I-oak yesiNgisi iphindaphinda ngokuqothulwa kwezihlahla ezivela emthini womama:
- Kungcono ukuthatha ama-cuttings kusuka ezitshalweni ezincane, eneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuqothulwa kwezinhlanzi sisezinsukwini zokusukela ngoMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi;
- ukusika amahlumela kungcono kakhulu ekuseni noma ngesimo sezulu esibhakabhakeni, kufanele babe ne-green bark futhi babe nezimo eziguquguqukayo;
- I-shoot is cuttings nge ummese obukhali, ngokuvamile ingxenye engaphakathi yehlumela isetshenziselwa ukusika, ingxenye engezansi ye-cut is cut with an oblique cut, kanti ingxenye engenhla isuke iqonde;
- ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-cuttings ahlosiwe afakwe esitsheni samanzi, futhi aphethwe;
Funda indlela yokutshala ama-acorns.
- ngoba ukutshala ama-cuttings kudingeka ulungise inhlabathi efanelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umhlaba ovuthiwe, okhululekile ohlanganiswe nesihlabathi uthelelwa embizeni noma kwenye isitsha. Le nhlabathi yisisekelo, futhi u-3-4 cm wesihlabathi esinamaqabunga agcwaliswe ngenhla. Ungasebenzisa ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo we-peat nesihlabathi sokukhiqizwa kwezimboni;
- izihlahla zihlwanyelwe enhlabathini elungiselelwe, zijulise 2 cm futhi zihlanganiswe nenhlabathi ezungeze ukusika ngamunye. Ibanga elilingene phakathi kwe-cuttings nemigqa ngu-5 cm. Emva kokutshala, ukuchelela kwenziwa nge-sieve noma ukuchelela okuncane okukhethekile kanye nolunye uhlobo lokushisa okushisa lwakhiwa ukwenza umphumela wokushisa;
- izinhlobo zemithi zivame ukugxila kahle ngezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwa ku-20-24 degrees Celsius, kodwa i-oki ingezitshalo ezilukhuni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunaka izinga lokushisa ebunzini bomhlabathi - kufanele kube ngaphezulu kunezinga lokushisa elingu 3-4 degrees;
- Isiqu esiphendukile sihlanzwa kuze kube izikhathi ezine ngosuku.
Kubalulekile! Umuntu omdala isitshalo somama, cishe kuncane ukuthi ukusika okuthathwe kuwo kuzosinda futhi kuphephe ngokuphepha.Uma nje isilwane sakho sithatha izimpande, uzokwazisa masinyane: amahlumela esitshalo azoqala ukukhula ngobukhulu besayizi futhi ngokushesha maduze amahlumela abasha azovela kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi sitshalo singaqala ukujwayela imvelo, kuqala ukuvula isikhalazo, futhi ngokulandelayo, sivule amahora ambalwa. Ngokuvamile, ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, ukushisa okushisa kungahlanzwa futhi isitshalo singalungiselelwa ukuhumusha ekwindla evulekile. I-cuttings emihle kakhulu ikwazi ukuchitha ubusika ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Khulisa i-sakura, i-delonix, i-wisteria, i-albition, i-rhododendron, i-cassia, i-magnolia ne-pyracantha ekhaya.
Indlela yokutshala i-oak evela e-acorn
Inkathazo encane kakhulu izokuletha ukulima kwe-oak ejwayelekile kusukela ehlotsheni. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukubhekana ngokujulile ekukhethweni kwama-acorns, okuzoba yizinto zokutshala izinto, ngoba phakathi kwazo kungase kungabi namandla:
- izithelo ze-oki zivuthwa ekwindla, sezivuthiwe kakade, izimbali zilungele ukuhluma. Uma ukuqoqa, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi isithelo sesomile ngaphakathi, kungani kufanele sishukunyiswe, i-kernel ye nut kufanele ingaboni ezindongeni. Izithelo zekhwalithi eziphezulu azikwazi ukuchoboza, isikhunta kanye nezinye iziphambeko, isikhwama se-acorn sisuswa kalula;
- Ochwepheshe bakutshela ukuba uthathe inhlabathi kanye nenani elincane lamaqabunga awile esihlahleni somdabu ukuze kuqinisekiswe isitoreji esifanele sokutshala impahla;
- Kulula kakhulu ukuhlola ukufaneleka kwe-acorn yokutshala izihlahla: uthele izithelo ezikhethiwe zibe yisitsha emanzini. Lezo zibopho ezisheshayo ngokushesha, zingasuswa ngokuphepha, azifanelekile ukutshala. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa, phinda inqubo - ngalesi sikhathi udinga ukulinda amaminithi ambalwa, mhlawumbe ezinye ezimbalwa zizovela. Lezo zithelo ezisele phansi kwesitsha, ungathatha ngokuphepha njengezithombo;
Kuyothakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi zingaki izihlahla eziphilayo.
- ukuze kulondolozwe ubunjalo bezinqubo futhi uthole umphumela okulindelekile, kungcono ukutshala izithombo entwasahlobo, ngokulandelana, izithelo eziqoqiwe kufanele zigcinwe kuze kube manje kule ndawo ejwayelekile. amaqabunga bese ubeka khona ama-acorns. Vala imbiza ngesembozo bese uyibeka endaweni epholile; ingaba igumbi lesikhulu noma imifino yefriji. Isitoreji esinjalo sizoqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kangcono kwenzalo kuze kufike entwasahlobo cishe izimo zemvelo;
- entwasahlobo, "vula kabusha" ama-acorns futhi uqhubeke nomsebenzi othakazelisayo futhi okhuthele kakhulu: ukuhluma kwezimpande zokuqala ze-oki. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka i-acorn ephakheji, ugcwalise inhlanganisela yomhlabathi omanzi, futhi uthumele efrijini kuze kufike amagciwane. Ngokuvamile le nqubo ithatha izinyanga ezingu-3-4;
- ngokushesha nje lapho imbewu ihluma, kumele ifakwe emiphakathini encane. Khetha izimbiza ezinezimbobo zokugwedla ukuze ugweme ukuqhuma kwamanzi, ugcwalise i-substrate jikelele, ungangeza ingxube encane ye-peat. Izithombo ezihlwanyelwe zimanzi emhlabathini, zijule kancane. Beka izimbiza endaweni enokukhanyisa okuhle namanzi izikhathi 2-3 ngesonto;
- cishe ngenyanga uzobona umphumela wemisebenzi yakho; izithombo zizoqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo nokukhulula amapheshana okuqala. Lapho nje amaqabunga eba mkhulu kunezingu-2, isitshalo singasuswa, okungukuthi, sishintshelwe kwisitsha esikhulu, lapho uhlelo lwempande luyoqiniswa khona;
- ngokukhetha, silungiselela izimbiza ezinkulu, zigcwalise ngenhlabathi, zisuse ngokucophelela izithombo, zizama ukungalimazi impande, ziwacwilise emhlabathini, zithele phansi phansi bese uchithululela. Izithombo ezikhethiwe kufanele zibe ekamelweni elikhanyayo, imodi yokunisela isethwe izikhathi ezingu-8 ngenyanga.
Isitshalo esinjalo njenge-oki sizobukeka ngokuhambisana nembala ephuzi: i-maple, i-linden, i-acacia ephuzi, umlotha, i-chestnut ne-poplar.Ama-saplings amancane futhi anamandla azoba alungele ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Oak
Ngakho-ke, uphumelele ngokuphumelelayo nomsebenzi wokwandisa isithombo futhi usufakelwe lesi sitshalo endaweni yokuhlala unomphela e-dacha. Manje umsebenzi wakho oyinhloko ukunikeza umuthi omncane ukunakekelwa okufanele. Sigcizelela ukuthi ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwe-oki kudinga kuphela okokuqala, kanti isitshalo sincane, okungukuthi, kufinyelela eminyakeni engaba ngu-5 ubudala.
Ngidinga ukunisela isitshalo
Naphezu kokuthi umuthi we-oki kubhekwa njengesitshalo esingenasomiso, kulokhu kwenzeka izihlahla ezivuthiwe, kanti abantu abasha badinga ukuphuza njalo. Uma usuhlwanyele imbewu enhlabathini evulekile, kufanele iphuze ngokushesha futhi iqhubeke iphuziswa kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-5 nsuku zonke.
Khona-ke, ngenkathi eshisayo kusukela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekuwa kwekuseni, izihlahla ezincane ze-oki zidinga ukusetshenziselwa ngendlela ehlelekile njengoba umhlaba umile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-oki ayithandi umswakama ohlala njalo, ngakho ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu bese ususa ngesikhathi esifanayo amaqabunga nezinye izidumbu. 
Ukuphendula ukuze ukondle
Izilwane ezincane zizwela kakhulu emvelweni, ngakho-ke, ukuze i-oki iqande, eminyakeni yokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngokujwayelekile, i-oki ihlwanyiswa kabili ngesizini ngasinye: ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukugqoka okwenziwe ngamaminerali okusetshenziswe njengama-pellets kusetshenziselwa lokhu. Kuphawulwe ukuthi umanyolo ovuthiwe ukwandisa ukumelana kwama-oki ezifweni nasefungeni, futhi futhi kunomthelela ekukhuleni okunamandla kwezihlahla ezincane.
Ukubhala ngokubhala izihlahla ze-oki
Njengoba kuyaziwa, i-oki inomqhele othakazelisayo, ongabangela isakhiwo sezingadi hhayi kuphela ukupholisa okufunayo, kodwa futhi nomthunzi ongathandeki kwezinye izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususwa okwesikhashana kwamagatsha omisiwe kwenza isihlahla sibonakale sihambisana.
- ukusika izivame ukuqhutshwa ekwindla ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe ijusi. Ngokuvamile, amahlumela amaningi ayasuswa, amagatsha amile anqunywe futhi amagatsha aqanjwe ukuze enze umqhele;
- ukuze kunikezwe umqhele isakhiwo esizungezile, amagatsha amaningana anqunywe engxenyeni ephakathi komqhele, kanti amagatsha angaseceleni ahlelwa kancane kancane. Uma umuthi we-oki usufike kakhulu ekukhuleni okuqondile, ukhonjiswe phezulu (ukudubula okuphakathi). Emagatsheni aminyene, ngemuva kokusika izingxenye zawo, indawo yokusika iqoshiwe;
- Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-oki encane ingcono ukuqala ukusika izihlahla emva kokuba isiqu sakhiwe ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kwalokho ungengozini yokuthola isihlahla sama-oak esikhundleni somuthi.
Izifo kanye nokwelapha izinambuzane
U-Oak uyisiko esiqinile, kodwa njengeminye imithi eqinile, iyakwazi izifo ezithile futhi iheha izinambuzane:
- izigameko eziningi ze-oak i-powdery isikhuthaokwenza ukuqhakaza okumhlophe phezu kwamaqabunga omuthi. Lesi sifo se-fungal asigcini nje ukulimaza ukubukeka, kodwa futhi sinciphisa isitshalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, singaya ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni eziseduze ne-oki. Kuyinto elula ukubhekana ne-powdery isikhutha ngezindlela zokuvimbela: kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngezikhathi ezithile isitshalo ngama-fungicidal agents, futhi uma kutholakala izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, bese ubhubhisa amagatsha aphethwe, bese uphefa isihlahla ngokwawo nge-fungicide;
- i-dropsy. Lesi sifo sitholakala emithini yama-oki ngenxa ye-ingress ye-bacteria ye-pathogenic ngaphansi kwegxolo. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ukuvuvukala ngaphansi kwamafomu e-cortex, igcwele uketshezi, khona-ke i-dropsy ivuliwe futhi ishiya imifantu kanye namabala emagqabeni. Lesi sifo senzeke ngemva kwezimo zezulu ezimbi: ukushisa okwedlulele noma i-snap ebandayo. Ukuze ugweme ukuhlaselwa, kudingeka uqaphele ngokucophelela amagatsha nomqhele, ususe amagatsha omile, amaqabunga, usike amahlumela asendle;
- ukubola okubangelwa amakhoweezikhula ngokuqondile enkuni ngisho nasezimpandeni. Ngokuvamile, lawa amakhowe ahlala ezihlahleni ezifile, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezithwala futhi zihlala izitshalo futhi ziholela ekuqotheni nasekubhujisweni kwalawa amakhowe zihlanganisa izimpande zesiponji, i-tinder oak. Ukuze kuvikelwe ukubola, kubalulekile ukugcina i-agrotechnology yokukhulisa umuthi, ukusika ngesikhathi esifanele nokuhlanza amagatsha omisiwe, ukuvikela umuthi ngamagundane, ukuze ugcine ubuqotho bamagxolo futhi uvimbele izinhlamvu zingangeni ngaphakathi;
- induduzo- izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu. Abaningi babona amabhola amancane azungeze amaqabunga e-oak. Abahlangene nalesi sithelo - lawa maqanda anikezwe yizinambuzane; izibungu zikhuthaza ukukhula kwezicubu ezizungezile, ngaleyo ndlela zakha indawo yokuhlala njengama-balls (galls). От нападения вредоносных орехотворок поможет своевременная обработка дуба пестицидами промышленного производства.
Uyazi? На внутренней поверхности шариков содержится огромное количество дубильных веществ, которые использовались при производстве чернил, именно поэтому галлы получили название "чернильные шарики".
- зелёная дубовая листовертка - isibungu esinonya esidla amahlamvu, sinciphisa umuthi futhi sinciphise isivuno saso. Kubonakala esimweni esishisayo, esinomswakama. Kunconywa ukulwa nayo, kanye nezinye izinambuzane, ngokupuniza ngezinambuzane lapho izimpawu zokuqala zivela.
Indawo yokuhlala ebusika
Naphezu kokumelana kwama-frost yemvelo ka-oak ovamile, kuzwela ekushintsheni okushisa okusheshayo, ngakho-ke izihlahla ezincane, okungenani iminyaka engu-1-2 yokuphila, zivikelekile kakhulu ebusika. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, ungasebenzisa ukufakwa okukhethekile noma ugwala oluvamile, oluboshwe nge-trunk namagatsha. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, i-oki iguqula isimo sezulu esibanda, futhi izihlahla ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala zizokwazi ukuzinakekelwa ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala. 
Iziphambeko zaseJusten ku-Oak Care
Impumelelo yokukhula noma imuphi umuthi, kuhlanganise ne-oki, ihambisana ne-agrotechnics, kepha ngokuvamile abalimi bashadi benza amaphutha avamile aholela ekufeni kwesithombo noma ukuphazamisa ukukhula komuntu omdala nezinye izitshalo.
Ezinye zazo ziyi:
- ukukhethwa kwendawo okungalungile. U-Oak uyaziwa ukuthi unomqhele okhanyelayo kanye nesistimu enkulu yezimpande. Ukutshala eduze kakhulu nezinye izitshalo noma izinto kungalimaza. Izimpande ezingaphezu komhlaba zingalimaza izitshalo eziseduze, kanye nokulimala ezakhiweni;
- ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokufika. Abalimi abaningi bashesha ukutshala isihlahla emhlabathini ukuthi abaqapheli ukulungiswa komgodi. Umgodi wokutshala kufanele ugugu kusengaphambili ukuze izinqubo zokuqubuzana ezidingekayo zenzeke ukuthi izitshalo ziqaliswe emhlabathini. Awukwazi ukutshala isihlahla emgodini osanda kutholwa;
Futhi, i-oki kufanelekile ukudala ingadi yasendleleni yasempumalanga, ihlanganisa ne-thujas, i-spruce, i-elderberry ne-barberry.
- ukuphuza okungalungile. Abaningi abalimi ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi banamanzi izitshalo ezingenalutho - lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekutheni inhlabathi engaphezulu kuphela ehambelanisiwe, ngokulandelana, umswakama awufinyeleli kalula izimpande ezijulile. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukucwilisa amamitha angu-25 ebunzini bomhlabathi ngamamitha ayi-1 square udinga 25-26 amalitha amanzi;
- ukungahambisani nemithetho yamagatsha okusika izihlahla. Abaningi bakhiqiza ukusika izihlahla ngokuvumelana nekhalenda, okuvame ukuholela emiphumeleni emibi yomuthi. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ngaphezu kwekhalenda, udinga ukuqondiswa izimo zezulu, uma kubanda kakhulu futhi iqhwa lisabonakala ebusuku, kungcono ukuhlehlisa ukusika kancane kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lomoya ozinzile.
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
