I-tract legend DT-54, esasinda ezinsukwini zethu, ingomunye wezitifiketi zangempela zobuchwepheshe beSoviet. Lena imishini yokulima elandelwa yonke indawo. Iyunithi yekilasi le-traction yesithathu yenza zonke izinhlobo zomsebenzi wezolimo. Nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwe-technology serial sekuyisikhathi eside kumisiwe, imodeli endala isebenza ngemisebenzi eyabelwe kalula. Sizobuye sitshele ngalesi sunithi ngokuningiliziwe ekubuyekezweni kwanamuhla.
Umlando ugandaganda
Imishini yezolimo nge index DT-54 waba yi-Soviet mass tracking tracked tracking ngenhloso ejwayelekile, enesimo se-diesel engine.
Umlando wezobuchwepheshe ubuyela emuva ngo-1930. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, injini yokuqala ye-diesel yomshini wezolimo yayenzelwe iSitrotha Stractrad, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi ayizange ithathe isikhundla somhlobo we-diesel. Ama-diesel ahlolwe kuma-tractor SHTZ-NATI, ngesisekelo lapho iDT-54 yasungulwa khona. Kodwa-ke, u-54-ka wadalwa ngaphansi kohlelo olusha futhi wayehluke kakhulu kulabo abandulele.
Kubalulekile! Esigayini se-diesel, ochwepheshe bakwazi ukuqeda ukuthi kungenzeka yini amafutha ahlambalaza ngamafutha. Ukwengeza, leyunithi yaqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphezulu kokunciphisa nge-waste mineral of fluid.
Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, insimu yezolimo yeSoviet Union yayifuna ukuvuselelwa okukhulu. Imboni yokuvuselela ngokuzikhandla yayisidingo esikhulu kakhulu sezinjini ezinezidizili. I-diesel ye-trekta iminyaka eminingana yaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa futhi "ikhumbule." Futhi ekugcineni, ngoNovemba 7, 1949, i-DT-54 yokuqala yaphuma emgqeni womhlangano. Abanjiniyela bayaqaphela ukuthuthukiswa kanye nesikhathi sokukhishwa kwesinyathelo esinqumayo se-trekta sobunjiniyela be-USSR.
E-Stalingrad, leyunithi yakhiqizwa iminyaka engu-12, kuze kube ngu-1963.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhululwa kwasungulwa ku-Kharkov Tractor Plant. E-Kharkov, uchungechunge lwezimoto ezikhiqizwa kuze kufike ngo-1961.
I-Altai Tractor Plant nayo yangena ohlwini lwabakhiqizi bale nguqulo. Lapha umshini wezolimo wakhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1952 kuya ku-1979.
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-mini-trekta yomsebenzi esakhiweni sangasemuva, mayelana nezici ze-mini-tractors: i-Uralets-220 ne-Belarus-132n, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungenza kanjani ugandaganda omncane kusuka ku-motoblock ne-mini-trekta ngokuhlukana uhlaka.
Emva kwalokhu, ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-54-ki kwagcina sekumile. Ngokuphelele, amayunithi angu 957,900 alobu buchwepheshe akhiqizwa e-USSR.
Isibuko somsebenzi wezolimo
I-tractor DT-54 ihloselwe ukuxhaphazwa ezinhlobonhlobo zomsebenzi embonini yezolimo. Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe buhlanganisa:
- ukulima umhlaba;
- ukuhlela kwendawo;
- ukuhlwanyela umsebenzi;
- ukuvuna;
- umhlabamoving kanye neminye imisebenzi yezolimo.
Imishini isebenza ngempumelelo kanye izimila zomzimba ezine noma emihlanu, izindlela zokulimaza nokulima umhlabathi, imbewu ehlukahlukene, imishini yokunisela, imishini, kanye nomshini wokutshala umuthi.
Kumapulazi amancane namakhaya okukhethwa kukho okukhethwa kukho uma ukhetha imishini kuzoba itrektri elingemuva. Ngenxa yamayunithi ahleliwe, angasetshenziselwa ukumba amazambane, nokususwa kweqhwa.
I-trekta ingahle ihlanganiswe nezinsiza ezihlukahlukene ezincane kakhulu futhi yayiyunithi ehlukene yokusebenza eyayifanele ukusetshenziswa embonini yokwakha nokukhanya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inguqulo ye-DT-54A yasungulwa, okwakuhloswe ukuthi kusetshenzwe ezindaweni ze-peat (marshy) nasezindaweni ezingavamile (ezingazinzile). Ukungena emshinini womhlabathi wamsiza izibungu zakhe ezinkulu.
Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe
I-DT-54 iklanyelwe ngokwemigomo yemishini yezolimo kuhlelo lokushayela olulandelwayo, okungahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu alandelayo: gear egijima, injini, isitimela samandla, izinhlelo zokulawula, izinsiza ezisizayo kanye nokusebenza.
Imisa nobukhulu obukhulu
Ubuningi bemishini ngaphandle kokunamathiselwe ngu-5400 kg. Ukucindezeleka komhlaba kuyinto 0.41 kg / sq. bheka
Uhlelo jikelele lwe-trekta DT-54: 1 - amafutha epholile; 2 - i-radiator yamanzi; 3 - injini; ; Ibha ye-front front 4; 5 - shaft yokuxhuma; 6 - ukuhlanza umoya; 7 - intambo yokugcwalisa uphethiloli wenjini yokuqala; 8 - umshini wokulawula wokuphakelayo; 9 - i-pedal pedal; 10 - bamba i-lever ne-brake turning; 11 - isikebhe segiya; 12 - ithangi lamanzi; 13 - ukudluliselwa; 14 - i-axle yangemuva; 15 - gear yokugcina; 16 - isibungu; 17 - ithrekhi yomzila; 18 - ukuhamba ibhalansi; Uhlaka lwama-19; 20 - isondo
Ubukhulu obuningi nobukhulu begrekta:
- ubude beyunithi yonke ngokutholakala kwedivayisi ye-trailer ngu-3.660 m;
- ububanzi emaphethelweni amathrekhi ku-classic version - 1,865 m;
- ukuphakama kwemoto - 2.30 m;
- ukuma komhlaba - 260 mm;
- isisekelo singu-1.622 m;
- ithrekhi - 1,435 m.
Injini
Injini ye-diesel D-54 ifakwe ku-DT-54. Uhlobo lwezimoto kwakuyiyunithi yokuphefumula yamanzi emakamelo amane. I-cylinder block nekhanda lekhamera zenziwe nge-iron cast, ukwakheka kwengxube kwakuyikamelo le-vortex. Indawo yama-cylinders i-inline, i-vertical.
Umdwebo we-injini ye-tractor ye-DT-54: Ikhanda le-cylinder; 2 - ijaji yamanzi; I-3 - ibha ye-pusher; 4 - i-camshaft; 5 - uphawu lwezindlu; 6 - indawo yokuhlala; 7 - flywheel; 8 - umqhele wendiza; 9 - ibhambeka elingemuva; 10 - ipompo leoli; 11 - i-gear drive oil pump; I-12-front ibhakhodi; 13 - gearshaft gear; Isembozo esingu-14; 15 - izindlu zokusabalalisa izindlu; 16 - ipompo yamanzi ene-fan; 17 - i-valve yokukhipha; 18 - isithwathwa valve; 19 - isifuba; 20 - u-breather; Isembozo se-valve; 22 - i-crankshaft.
Ngemivuthwandaba yezibuyekezo ezingu-1300 rev / min. I-tractor's motor ithuthukisa amandla alinganisiwe anamahhashi angu-54 (39.7 kW).
Uyazi? Inkazimulo 54-ki ngezikhathi zeSoviet Union yayinkulu kangangokuthi emadolobheni amaningana ugandaganda kwakhiwe izikhumbuzo nezikhumbuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile kumafilimu angaleso sikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, efilimu "KwasePenkovo," i-hero Matvey Morozov (V. Tikhonov wadlala indima) noZefirov (umlingisi uJu. N. Medvedev) emishini emibili yezolimo babenomthende wezintambo-ukuhudula umncintiswano. Abalingiswa befilimu bathi u-trekta wakhe unamandla.
Ukuthutha, ukuqondisa nokwaphula ukulawula
Ibhokisi le gear elizenzakalelayo eliyisihlanu likhishwe kumshini. Kungenzeka ukufaka i-reducer yesifo ngezikhathi ezimbili. Ukunciphisa iqinisekisa ukunyakaza komshini wezolimo emkhakheni osizayo weshumi.
Isigaba sokulungiswa kwesigatshana se-tractor: 1 - shaft yesibili; 2 - ukulungisa ama-shims; Ikhava eli-3; 4 - i-shale shaft yangemuva; 5 ethwala indebe; 5 - i-nut efanele; I-nut - kwesokunxele esingu-7; 8 - ipuleti yokukhiya; 9 - ukwahlukana; 10 - ukuhlukanisa ukwahlukanisa nut; 11 - gear enkulu gear; 12 - imoto encane ye-bevel.
Amandla kagesi ayadingeka ukuze kudluliswe ukujikeleza kwama rollers okushayela, kanye ne-shaft yokulawula amandla. Ukudluliswa komgogodla kunama-clutch, i-gearbox, i-axle yangemuva, amagoli wokugcina kanye ne-shaft yokuxhuma.
I-axle yangemuva inikezwe ngemikhono yokulawula ehlukile kanye nama-brake. Ukuphathwa okufanayo kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngemva kuka-1956.
Zijwayeze ngamatrakta: MT3-892, DT-20, MT3-1221, ama-Kirovets K-700, ama-Kirovets K-9000, i-T-170, i-MT3-80, i-MT3 320, i-MT3 82 ne-T-30, nayo ingasetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi.
Amabhayisethi athengisa i-diesel onboard, othomathikhi, isampula nesampula.
Ukumiswa kwemoto kunemoto yokulinganisa. Igatsha ngalinye lezinkukhu liqhutshwa yi-roller yokuhola. Uhlome nge-roller yokuthumela futhi amasondo amabili asekelayo. Isibungu ngokwayo sihlanganisa 41 ukuxhumanisa izixhumanisi.
Isikhundla somgogodla kanye ne-axis ye-swing emgodini we-balancer wangaphakathi wokumiswa kwe-trekta DT-54 ngokungahambisani kahle kwe-flatness ye-axis ye-swing ne-hole ye-balancer for the wedge: I-1 - wedge; 2 - i-axis ye-swing; 3 - umqaphi wangaphakathi; 4 no-5 - ama-bushings we-balancer yangaphandle; 6 - umqaphi wangaphandle; ukuxhumana nocingo nge-cylindrical surface ye-swing axis; g - uxhumano lwamakhansela ebusweni be-flatness ye-swing axis.
I-Cab
Emshinini wezolimo unamakhishi okushayela kabili avaliwe. Ifakwe isihlalo esithambile, isethi esimisiwe sokulawula kanye nedashboard. Kamuva i-cabin yayinezikhwama zokushisa kanye namanzi okuphuza. Umthamo we-tank wawuyi-2.5 amalitha.
Ukuphendukela kumthethonqubo ohlukene wama-brakes namaceleni, ama-pedals ahamba ngamanxele nangakwesobunxele ayefakwa ku-cab.
Ikhishi ayikhululekile. Naphezu kwefomu elivaliwe, akusiyo i-hermetic, ayivikelwe emsindweni, ekudlideni nasekuthuleni. Imoto inzima kakhulu ukulawula levers kanye ukubamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlalo sobukhosi siphonswe ethandini. Futhi njengoba i-tank yamanzi iyasebenza njengodonga olungemuva lwekhamera, lapho kusetshenzwa khona i-diesel fuel fuel ngokuvamile ingena ngaphansi.
I-Chassis, i-tow hitch
Ngokungafani nabangaphambi kwayo, i-54-ke yayiyi-chassis eyithuthukisiwe kakhulu - Ukuqeda izimbozo zensimbi zokuqinisa izikhwebu zasetshenziswa. Ukuze kuvikelwe ingress yokungcola, uthuli nomswakama, zonke izingxenye zokuxubana nezibhebhe zazivikelekile ngokuphephile (ivaliwe).
Isitokisi se-Chassis DT-54
Ingxenye yokuhamba ihlanganisa idrayivu nokuqondisa ama-roller, amathrekhi, amasondo okusekela nokumiswa. Abaqashi bezinkomba kanye nama-rollers aqhutshwayo basiza imoto ukuhamba eduze kwamathrekhi. Futhi, zinezici zensimbi ezithintekayo. Ukusekela amasondo kuvimbela izibungu ekunqobeni amagilebhisi angaphezulu, futhi ama-rollers okudluliselayo aqondisa ukusula kwawo.
Imishini ye-trailer ihlanganisa ibhande elihambayo kanye nesixhumanisi se-trailer. Izinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe ze-54-ki zinezimo zemishini yokuzivocavoca ehlukile (ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka ngezansi). Futhi isimiso sokunamathisela sithole ukulungiswa kwamaphuzu amabili noma amathathu.
Iyunithi ifakwe izibani ezine namasokhethi, ngenxa yokuthi izibani zokukhanyisa zingavuliwe futhi zihambisane nemishini elandelwayo. Imishini ye-hydraulic ihlanganisa ipompo ye-hydraulic kanye ne-3-cylinder switch.
I-Creeper: 1 no-2 - amathrekhi ahambayo angathuthwa; Imikhono e-splined engu-3; Imikhono engu-4; I-5 - isher; 6 - i-shaft enwetshiwe yokusekela kokudluliselwa; 7 no-8 - amagiya athatha isikhundla; 9 - gear engapheli gear; 10 - i-creeper shaft; Isembozo esingu-11; 12 - shaft drive; Isembozo sekhasi eli-13; - inkomishi yokucindezela; 15 - gear.
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kunethiwekhi:
"I gear egijima ihlelwe ngokufanayo neyomshini we-DT-54A" - lapha kusho ukuthi lo mklamo ufana. Kodwa kukhona ukungafani emasondo omhlahlandlela, kwi-tensioner, ekugxilweni kwama rollers asekelayo, ekugxilweni kwamakhansela okulinganisa. Kodwa zonke lezi zinguquko zincane. Ku-DT-75, ungasho "i-chassis encane ethuthukisiwe".
Futhi ngaphezulu. Ama-running models T-74, T-75 nawo afana ne-DT-54. Umehluko emafreyimini, ukuthunyelwa, izinjini.
Ngendlela, abanye babuyisela ngokuthembeka ukuthi uma bebuyisela i-DT-54 basebenzise izingxenye eziningi ezivela ku-DT-75.
I-fuel tank umthamo kanye nezinga lokugeleza lokubiza
I-tank fuel tank umthamo ukhonjiswe inani lama-185 amalitha, Kodwa-ke, ku-model ye-trekta eyalandela (i-DT-54A version) ivolumu yayo yanyuka ibe ngama-250 amalitha.
Injini ye-DT-54 ine-fuel gesi ephansi - 205 g / l. c. ngehora elilodwa Ngenxa yalokhu, leyunithi ingaqhutshwa isikhathi eside, nomthwalo okhuphukile emotweni ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuphindaphindiwe kokuphakanyiswa.
Uyazi? Ngomsebenzi we-54-ke wasebenza enkundleni yomdlali u-L. V. Kharitonov, owadlala indima ka-Ivan Brovkin efilimu edumile "u-Ivan Brovkin enhlabathini encane". Imishini yezolimo ingabonakala emafilimini amaningi aseSoviet: "I-Echelon yokuqala", "Izihlobo Ezihlobo", "Umfana wokuqala", "I-Quarrel eLouashi", "Ukulwa Emgwaqweni", "Ukuhamba Kokuthi", "U-Kalina Red".
Izinguquko ezinkulu
Ngo-1957, umshini wezolimo wenza inqubo yokuthuthukisa. Ku-version ebuyekeziwe ye-DT-54A, uhlelo lwe-hydraulic lwahlukaniswa-modular. Le nguqulo ibuyekeziwe izikhathi eziningana. Okuphelele, izinhlobo ezintathu ziyaziwa:
- I-DT-54A-C1. Imodeli ihlome ngokugcwele uhlelo oluthile oluphelele lwemishini yokusebenza yamanzi enezigulini zamanzi ezinama-hydraulic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mishini yayinomshini ohlangene, okwenza ukwazi ukwandisa umshini womshini - kwenzeke ukuba usebenzise imishini ehlukahlukene egibele noma elandelwayo, eqondiswe idizayeli.
- I-DT-54A-C2. Lokhu kuguqulwa kufana nenguqulo yangaphambilini, kodwa ayikho ikamelo lamandla kanye nesistimu yokumiswa.
- I-DT-54A-C3. Imodeli yemishini yezolimo, eyenzelwe ukusebenza nemishini elandelwayo, ngoba kulokhu akukho ndlela yokwenza amanzi.
- I-DT-54A-C4. Imodeli ifana ngokuphelele nohlobo lwe-DT-54A-C1, noma kunjalo, alukho amakamelo okude okude. Le trekta yanconywa ngabanjiniyela baseSoviet ukuthi bayisebenzise kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseSoviet Union.
Kubalulekile! Ukwenziwa kwe-DT-54F-S4 akuhlinzeki ngokusetshenziswa kwezingxube ezikude ze-hydraulic, kanti okunye kufana no-DT-54A-C1.
I-Model DT-54 ibhekwa njengenganekwane yobunjiniyela. Umlando wezobuchwepheshe awuphelanga ekuqedeni ukukhiqizwa - iyunithi iyadingeka namuhla. Imishini eminingi isakhiwa ngesisekelo sama-54-ki, isibonelo, amataretha T-74, T-75 no-DT-75. Futhi abalandeli beenkhathi zaseSoviet bavuselela ngokuphindaphindiwe izinsimbi ezingu-54 zensimbi noma baletha amasampula amadala esimweni esihle. Konke lokhu kuphinda kubonise ukuqina nokuthembeka kwalesi buchwepheshe.
