Izinhlobo ze-plums

I-Plum Mirabelle (Mirabella)

Ensimini enhle njalo kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-plums. Futhi lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba abantu bakhulile lesi sithelo iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwavela izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu amathathu zeplamu. Futhi hhayi indawo yokugcina kulolu chungechunge yi-plum Mirabel.

Incazelo ye-botanical

I-Mirabelle yiqembu lama-cultivar we-plum elikhulayo emithini ye-sredneroslye, enezimpande ngesimo segesi nesigxolo phezu kwesiqu kanye namagatsha. Umqhele ungaba ugaxe noma u-ovoid kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Amaqabunga asesimweni se-ellipse, eluhlaza okomnyama okombala, ngenqenqemeni eliqoshiwe; kunomphetho ukusuka phansi.

Izimbali zomuthi ngoMeyi. Ihlumela ngalinye lingaba nezimbali ezi-1 kuya kwezingu-3 ezimhlophe ezine-1.5-2 cm. Izimbali zinezinhlamvu ezingu-5 futhi ziyaqhakaza uma kungekho amahlamvu okwamanje. Izithelo zizungezile noma ziyi-oblong, ubukhulu obuphakathi (kufika ku-2 cm), umbala ophuzi, obomvu kungenzeka enhlangothini elangeni, uvuthwe ngo-Agasti.

Kubalulekile! Musa ukudibanisa iplamu Mirabel nge-cherry plum ngenxa yokuthi lezi zithelo zifana nokubonakala. Ukuhlukanisa, kunele ukuphula iplamu ngohhafu bese ubheka ithambo. Ku-mirabelle evuthiwe, ithambo lihlukaniswe ngokugcwele no-pulp, kuyilapho kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zeplamu akusikho, okuyinto isici sayo sezinto eziphilayo..

Umuthi onjalo ungaphila iminyaka engama-25, futhi uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-4-5 wokuphila.

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Izwe lakuleli iplamu yelanga liyi-Asia Minor. Namuhla ikhula enyakatho ye-Afrika, eningizimu yeYurophu, ikakhulu eJalimane naseFrance. Mirabelle wafika e-Ukraine nasengxenyeni ephakathi kweRussia. Futhi isivuno esicebile kakhulu sivunwa ngesiFransi Lorraine - cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15 ngonyaka ngamunye.

Uyazi? Izakhamuzi zaseLorraine zicabangela ukuthi iplamu yeMirbelle ibe uphawu lwayo. Njalo ngonyaka ngo-Agasti, emva kokuvuna, kugujwa umkhosi wonke, lapho u-Miss Mirabel akhethwa khona emantombazaneni. Futhi-ke, bapheka i-tart yendabuko (i-pie evulekile) besebenzisa izithelo eziqoqwe.

Inani lomsoco wezithelo

I-100 g I-plum Mirabelle inenani elincane lama-kilojoule - kuphela ama-40, kodwa izakhiwo zalo zokudla okunomsoco ziphakeme kakhulu.

100 g izithelo aqukethe:

  • imifino yamaprotheni - 1 g;
  • amafutha - 0.2 g;
  • ama-carbohydrate - 8.6 g

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lokudla okunomsoco kule plamu likhona kwamakhemikhali e-organic, i-mono - ne-disaccharides, i-fiber (i-fibre yokudla), kanye namavithamini C kanye nama-PP namaminerali (i-potassium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium, i-magnesium, insimbi).

Ngokuqinisekile uyoba nesithakazelo sokufunda mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Chinese, self-fertile, columnar, plums yellow.

Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo

Izinhlobonhlobo zaleli iplamu elimangalisayo libonise inombolo enkulu. Futhi sinikeza ukunakekelwa labo okuvame kakhulu phakathi balimi:

  • "Okuphuzi";
  • "Okukhulu";
  • "Okuncane";
  • "Bona";
  • "September";
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze nge-agrotechnics yokukhula kwezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-plums njenge-Morning, i-Honey White, i-Anna Shpet, i-Eurasia, no-Stanley.
  • "Nancy".

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abalimi abaningi abanolwazi abajwayele ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene ze "Nancy" ezweni labo. Bayayithanda ngoba isihlahla senyukile ukumelana nesithwathwa futhi sinikeza isivuno esihle ngonyaka.

Ukufika

Uma unqume ukutshala ipulazi likaMirbelle esakhiweni sakho, akulula ukwenza kanjalo. Udinga nje ukwazi imithetho ethile.

Ukukhetha indawo

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha indawo lapho umuthi we-plum uzokhululeka khona. Mirabelle izokhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, ngaphandle kwe-acidic.

Uyazi? Indlela elula yokuthola i-asidi yenhlabathi engadini yakho - sebenzisa uviniga wetafula. Beka emhlabeni bese ubona ukusabela. Uma kubonakala ama-bubbles, inhlabathi ayithathi hlangothi, futhi uma kungenjalo - omuncu.

Isici esibalulekile ukuvela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Kumele kube okungenani ekujuleni kwe-1.5 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo kufanele ibe yelanga, ingenamandla, isiqondiso - eningizimu, eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma entshonalanga. Futhi ibanga kwezinye izihlahla zezithelo eziseduze kufanele kube ngu-3-4 m.

Ukukhethwa komhlaba nokulungiswa

Iya kwesinyathelo esilandelayo. Gweba ekujuleni kwefosholo isiqephu sakho sezwe esikhethiwe. Njengoba sesibonile kakade, inhlabathi yokutshala iplamu yethu akufanele ibe yocansi. Uma, noma kunjalo, i-acidic, khona-ke kufanele ixoshwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ufulawa wama dolomite noma umlotha, kuzoba 600-800 g ngokwanele ngesikwele ngasinye. m

Manje udinga ukulungisa umgodi wokufika. Ubukhulu bayo buyi-70 × 70 cm, futhi ukujula kwalo kuyi-60 cm. Uma umba, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi lubekelwe eceleni, ngoba luvundisa kakhulu futhi luyoba usizo ngesikhathi sokutshala. Eceleni kwesisekelo somgodi ovuliwe, udinga ukwengeza umanyolo. Cabanga ukuthi uma unomuthi we-mirabel ekwindla, ama-fertilizer ephilayo (umquba, i-peat, i-humus) ayokwanela ngokwezibalo ezingu-3-4 kg, futhi uma usentwasahlobo, engeza amaminerali angaphezu kanzima - 100 g we-superphosphate kanye no-80 g we-potassium .

Kubalulekile! Lungiselela imbobo yokufika yokutshala amaplamu ethu kusengaphambili, emavikini amabili. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa isimo somhlabathi.

Inqubo yokufika

Into enzima kunazo zonke ekutshaleni iplamu ukulungisa inhlabathi, konke okunye akunzima kakhulu. Uma konke sekulungele ukutshala, thatha isipula bese uyiphonsa emgodini ukuze isayithi lokuhlanganiswa lihlale lihle ngaphezu komhlaba. Ngemva kwalokho, gcwalisa umgodi nomhlaba ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo.

Ekugcineni, kudingekile ukuphuza isitifiketi sokutshala izihlahla ngokuningi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iplamu inezimo ezifanele zokuqothula nokukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngokuqondene nezinsuku zokutshala, kunconywa ukutshala ipulazi iMirbelle entwasahlobo, ngenxa yokuthi umuthi omncane awukwazi ukusinda emaqhwabusika asebusika, uma kunjalo, endaweni yakho.

Ividiyo: ukutshala okulungile kwezithombo zamatshe Isikhathi esihle sokutshala entwasahlobo cishe ngezinsuku ezingu-4-5 ngemuva kweqhwa. Kodwa-ke, uma unquma ukutshala ekwindla, khona-ke isithombo kufanele sikhululwe ngomhlaba ukuze isembozo seqhwa simboze ngokuphelele.

Ukunakekela

Ukulingana okufanele kungxenye yenkambiso. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukuthi isihlahla esitshaliwe siqale ukukujabulisa ngesitshalo esivamile futhi esikhulu, kudingeka ulandele imithetho ethile yokunakekelwa, esizokutshela yona manje.

Sikukwazisa ukuba uzijwayele izindlela zokulungiselela amapulazi ebusika, futhi ufunde indlela yokomisa amapulazi ekhaya nokuthi ungenza kanjani i-plums compote newayini elenziwe ngamapulangwe.

Ukunisela

I-Plum Mirabelle idinga ukuchelela njalo, hhayi kuphela ehlobo, kodwa futhi entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Inani elihle kunawo wonke lokunisela lisikhathi esisodwa ngenyanga, kodwa uma isomiso senzeke emaphethelweni akho, khona-ke izikhathi eziphakathi kokunisela zidinga ukunciphisa, ngoba umkhamo awuwuthandi ngokukhethekile inhlabathi eyomile.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Iplamu yethu ayinakuqhathaniswa nokugqoka, kodwa kusadingeka ukuthi ifaka umhlabathi njalo. Esikhathini sokusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile, umuthi ugcwele urea, usebenzisa 50 g kuphela womanyolo ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ngomuthi owodwa kuzolingana 2 amalitha esisombululo.

Yondla kule oda:

  • ukugqoka kokuqala phezulu kwenziwa emva kokuba umuthi usuqede futhi waqala ukungena ngenkathi ekhulayo;
  • owesibili - ngemuva kwamasonto amabili emva kokuqala;
  • futhi zakamuva - okwesithathu, ngemva kwamasonto amabili.

Ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande kungavuselelwa ngokusebentisa ngokusebenzisa ukuphakelayo kwe-foliar. Ngale njongo, isixazululo se-heteroauxin sisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Lokhu kwenziwa ngesizathu sokuthi ngomnyaka wesibili umuthi usuvele uqale ukuthela izithelo, futhi ukuze wenze izithelo ezinhle, udinga ukwanela okuningi kwezakhi ezivela enhlabathini, okuhlinzeka uhlelo olukhulu lwempande. Lapho ukondla entwasahlobo nasekuseni kwehlobo, ungaphinda uhlanganise nokuphuza umuthi ngamanzi omquba. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-saltpeter kule mlingo: isipuni 1 ku-1 ibhakede lamanzi.

Ikhulula futhi ihlanganiswe

Ukukhulula eduze kwe-wellbore kufanele kwenziwe njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukukhanya kwenhlabathi kube nokukhanya, okuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza komoya kuya ohlelweni lomuthi. Njenge-mulch, i-peat ivame ukusetshenziswa ukugcina umswakama ubude.

Thola impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ungakhula kanjani ipulazi ngaphandle kwetshe.
Ngesikhathi ukhulula, kufanele ususe wonke ukhula olukhula eduze kwesihlahla. Azikwazi nje ukudonsa izakhi ezidingekayo, kodwa futhi zibangele ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, ngakho ukususwa kokhula kufanele kube yinto evamile.

Ukudubula

Ukudubula lezi plums ezihlukahlukene ngeke kulethe izinkinga eziningi, ngoba umuthi cishe awudingi ukusika izihlahla. Kodwa kunamaphuzu okumele akhulunywe ngawo.

Kubalulekile! Qinisekisa ngokucophelela ukuthi phezulu akumele kubonakaliswe amaqhwa ebusika. Uma kungonakaliswa lutho, khona-ke kuphela ukudubula okuzovela kulo, okuzoba ukuqhubeka komqhubi.

Uma umonakalo usazokhona, umqhubi uzokhula ngokuncintisana ngendlela yamahlumela ama-2-3. Uma zingasusiwe ngesikhathi, umqhele uzokhula ngokungalungile futhi uthathe ukubonakala kwezimpondo. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona ukutholakala kwamahlumela amaningana, kuzomele ukhethe okuthuthukisiwe futhi ususe konke okunye.

Ukupruna iMirbelle kusengenziwa ukuze kufakwe ama-rootstocks eminye imithi, kuhlanganise ne-plums evamile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amahlumela ka-15-20 cm.

Ividiyo: ukusika okulungile

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Ngesikhathi esencane, iplamu Mirabel izwela kakhulu kwiqhwa, ngakho-ke kudingeka uyilungiselele ebusika ngokunakekelwa okukhulu.

Isivikelo esihle kunazo zonke ebusika siyoba inhlanganisela yeqhwa elisanda kusha, kanye namagatsha, ifani noma amagatsha amafir. Gcoba isiqu kanye nendawo ewuzungeze ngeqhwa bese ubeka izinto ezikhethiwe phezulu. Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kuzosindisa lesi sihlahla hhayi kuphela emazingeni aphansi asezingeni eliphansi, kodwa futhi kuvela kumagundane ahlukahlukene.

Zazi ngokwakho ngama-nuances we-plum yokuzalanisa, kanye nezindlela ezifakazelwe zokulawula izifo nezinambuzane.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izinhlobonhlobo zama plums ezichazwe kithi azikwenzeki kakhulu ezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sihlahla singenamsoco, sinisela, noma sibhekene nesithwathwa, khona-ke ukuqina kwayo kungabhekana kakhulu.

I-Mirabelle plum ingasongelwa yizifo nezinambuzane ezinjalo:

  1. I-Plum moth. Njengoba igama lisho, le nkathazo idla izithelo zomuthi bese ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa kakhulu isivuno. Izindlela zokulwa nalezi zinambuzane zihlanganisa ukumba umhlabathi nokugqoka amasaka e-burlap ezungeze izihlahla.
  2. Ipulaphu ephuzi sawfly. Njengezinambuzane ezidlule, udla izithelo ze-plums. Yilahle ngokumba umhlabathi bese uphefa umuthi.
  3. Aphid Ibeka ngokuyinhloko engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga, ngenxa yalokho okulahlekelwa umbala, umuthi ngokwawo uyancipha, futhi izithelo azihlali futhi ziqale ukubola. Ukulwa nama-aphid ikakhulukazi ukuphalaza izidakamizwa ezifana ne-nitrophene, i-benzophosphate ne-karbofos.
    Zazi ngokwakho nendlela yokubhekana nama-aphid ne-flap kuma-plums.
  4. I-Rosana leafworm. Inkathazo ekhohlakeleyo eyonakalisa amaqabunga ngokuwafaka ibhola. Ngemva kokuchitha ingxenye eyodwa yamaqabunga, i-leafworm ishesha kwenye indawo. Uma umonakalo awukhulu kakhulu, bese ulahla le nkathazo, udinga ukuqoqa izimvemvane ngesikhathi ubeka amaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyoba lula ukwenza kanjalo ngesizathu sokuthi abawuboni, kodwa bakhweba esihlahleni. Uma lesi sifo sithathe ukusabalala okukhulu, bese sishaya nge-nitrophene ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuzosebenza ngempumelelo.

Kulokhu, isihloko sethu siphelile. Sithemba ukuthi ngemva kokukufunda uzokwandisa ngokushesha umuthi omuhle, ozozijabulisa ngonyaka ngokuthokoza kuphela, kodwa futhi nezithelo eziwusizo kakhulu. Khulisa izithelo nemifino ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo sakho, ngoba ngokuqinisekile uyoqiniseka ukuthi uyasiza. Sifisela wena kanye nabathandekayo bakho impilo enhle!