Kanye namazambane, utamatisi, ummbila, i-sunflower namanye amasiko avela eMelika, i-yacon yalethwa kithi. Lemifino engaziwa kakhulu ezweni lakithi ifana nezimfanelo zayo ne-artichoke yaseJerusalema, eye yatshala isikhathi eside futhi ijwayele kakhulu balimi abaningi. Ake sijwayelane eduze nalesi sitshalo samasiko, singavamile kithi.
Incazelo
I-Yacon Wahlonywa yizakhamuzi zaseLatin America ezihlala ezintabeni zaseAndes ngenxa yezilimo eziyizigaxa zalo. Kulesi sitshalo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpande zakhiwa - ama-rhizomes amakhulu kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjenge-pear noma ezinjenge-spindle ezikhula ngama-rhizomes ngamaqembu ezinyunithi eziningana. Lezi zinhlayiya ngaphakathi zingamhlophe noma ziphuzi, zine inyama enomnandi enambitha enhle, ekhumbule i-apula kanye ne-ikhadini, ingaba nesisindo esingama-300-600 amagremu ngamunye.
Ku-rhizomes kukhona amaqabunga, okuvela kuzo ukutshala izitshalo ezintsha. Isiko esingapheli kusukela yomndeni wakwa-Astrov, efana ne-topinambur ne-sunflower kanyekanye. Isitshalo sonyaka sokulima singafinyelela ngamamitha angu-1.2-2.5. I-stem eluhlaza inezinhlangothi ezibomvu nezibomvu. Amaqabunga amancane, ayenziwe nge-triangular, ane-petiole ende eqinile namaphethelo angakahlelwa.
I-Yacon blooms ngokuvamile ngenyanga yesithupha kusukela ekutshaleni amabhasikidi aphuzi noma e-orange afana nama-sunflowers amancane.
Uyazi? Izindawo ze-yakon zasendle yiColombia, i-Ecuador ne-Peru. Ezikhathini zasendulo, yayikhuliswa yi-Incas emigqumeni emikhulu, kepha kwakungeyona isitshalo esikhulu. Wayejwayele ukuhanjiswa njengomthombo wamanzi. Manje ikhulile ngezilinganiso ezimbonini emazweni amaningi (USA, Japan, Australia, njll) njengesiko esine-inulin.
I-Yacon idonsela isithakazelo ngokuyinhloko kusuka kokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-inulin. Izinzuzo zalesi siko zikhulu kunalezo zeJerusalema i-artichoke, izilimo eziyizigaxa, ezingagcinwa ngakho kanye namazambane, kanye nokunambitheka okuphakeme.
Ekuphekeni okuwusizo kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa eluhlaza, isibonelo, kumaladi. Kodwa kungabuye kubilisiwe, kuthosiwe, kuphekwe, kumiswe futhi kwenziwe ngisho nama-chips kuwo, okuyinto ezoba usizo kakhulu kunezitshalo zamazambane. Ijusi, i-jam, izithelo ezikhethiwe kanye nesiraphu nazo zenziwe kuwo.
Izitshalo zomsuka zihlanganisa ama-beet, izaqathe, i-turnips, i-radishes, i-radishes, i-turnips, i-parsnips, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, i-parsley, i-rutabaga, i-scorzonera, ne-daikon.
Ukwakhiwa
I-Yakon low-calorie: ku-100 g yezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingu-61 kcal ziqukethe.
Inani lokudla okunomsoco nokubunjwa okuyisisekelo:
- amanzi - 79 g;
- ama-carbohydrate - 12.8 g;
- i-fiber yokudla - 4.5 g;
- amaprotheni - 2.1 g;
- I-ash - 1.4 g:
- amafutha - 0.1 g;
- ama-acids e-organic - 0.1 g
Futhi ku-100 g amavithamini alandelayo:
- C - 6 mg;
- I-PP - 1.6 mg;
- I-Niacin, i-1.3 mg;
- E - 0.2 mg;
- B1 - 0.07 mg;
- B2 - 0.06 mg;
- A - 0.002 mg;
- i-beta carotene - 0,012 mg.
- i-potassium - 200 mg;
- i-phosphorus - 78 mg;
- i-calcium - 20 mg;
- i-magnesium - 12 mg;
- i-sodium, i-3 mg;
- i-aluminium 0.815 mg;
- insimbi - 0.4 mg.
Kubalulekile! I-Yacon, ekhule ngo-56 ° enyakatho ye-latitude, ayinayo i-inulin ne-ushukela, engena esikhundleni sesithelo, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwalesi semifino kungabi usizo kakhulu.
Ama-carbohydrate yi-starch kanye ne-dextrins (9.6 g), ushukela (3.2 g). I-Yacon iqukethe i-amino acids ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu nase-inulin, okuyi-prebiotic futhi ayitholakali umzimba.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
I-Yacon inezici ezilandelayo ezizuzisayo:
- kuvumela izinga lokushukela. Iqukethe inani elikhulu le-inulin, elithatha ishukela ngokwayo;
- ukubhekana nesisindo esiningi. Kuyinto ephansi-ikhalori futhi iqukethe izinto ezinomthelela omuhle ekusetshenzisweni komzimba. Sekuyisikhathi eside usula ukulamba;
- kususa uketshezi okwedlulele. Inani elikhulu le-potassium linikeza umphumela wokudla;
- i-antioxidant. It siqukethe izinto bioactive ezinciphisa ukuguga;
- ukunciphisa inani le-cholesterol egazini. Inomphumela omuhle esimisweni senhliziyo;
- kuthuthukisa umsebenzi wamathumbu, kusiza ngokuqokwa. Iqukethe imicu eminingi evuselela isisu somzimba, kanye nesandulela-ngculazi esenza ukukhula kwe-microflora ezuzisayo.
Ukungafani nokulimala
Azikho ukuphikisana okhethekile kule mifino, ngaphandle kokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi, okungavamile.
Kodwa-ke, uma i-yacon edlayo inqwaba, izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zenzeke:
- izitembu ezibuthakathaka, isifo sohudo;
- ukuvuthwa njalo;
- flatulence;
- isifiso esibi;
- i-rhinitis ye-allergen, ekhonjiswe ngokuklolodela nokucasula kwamehlo amancane.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezindaweni zethu le mifino kanye nemiphumela yayo kubantu, kuhlanganise nemiphumela emibi, ayifundwa kancane.
Uyazi? Isiraphu ye-Yacon iyingxenye enkulu yoshukela esikhundleni sabashukela abanesifo sikashukela kanye nabantu abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Ukunambitheka kwalo kukukhumbuza isiraphu ye-maple ne-melissa. Kodwa ikhiqizwa kuphela ezimweni zezimboni, futhi inani layo liphakeme kakhulu.
Ukuzala
Lesi yisitshalo esingapheli, kodwa sinalitshala njalo ngonyaka. I-Yacon ingasakazwa ngezindlela eziningana:
- imbewu. Ngakho-ke kuvame ukusabalaliswa ekhaya - eNingizimu Melika. Kodwa ngenxa yendlela yethu enjalo ayinakwenzeka, njengoba lapha ingenayo isikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi inikeze imbewu;
- ama-rhizomes. Lena yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu esetshenziselwa yonke indawo. Kulokhu, ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, ama-rhizomes yakon athathwa esiteji, lapho agcinwa khona, ahlanjululwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate. Khona-ke ziyakunqunywa ukuze eyodwa noma ezimbili efihlekile zihlale kucezu ngalunye, ukuthulukisa isitifiketi se-incision ngomlotha. Kutshalwa esitsheni esingamitha ayi-30 cm emhlabathini, ehlanganisa umhlaba we-sod kanye ne-peat ngesilinganiso esingu-1 ukuya ku-2, wathela futhi agcwele ifilimu kuze kube yizifo. Ukondla amahlumela njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemifuno eyinkimbinkimbi;
- i-cuttings eluhlaza. Ukuze uhlanganise izindawo zokuthatha izingxenye zesitshalo ngamaqabunga amabili bese ubeka endaweni engezansi ye-nutrient substrate. Emhlabeni udala umphumela wokushisa, ukumboza ingilazi yesilazi nokuhlunga. Emva kokuvela kwezimpande, lo mkhono ususiwe, kanti izihlahla zidluliselwa ezimweni zokushisa, lapho zigcinwa khona izinga lokushisa lika-20 ° C nosuku olukhanyayo cishe emahora angu-16 ngaphambi kokutshala phansi.
Ukufika
Izithombo ezitshalwe emhlabathini zidinga kuphela emva kokuphela kwesithwathwa. Uhlelo lwe-aacon luyakwazi ukubekezelela ama-frosts amancane, kodwa ingxenye engenhla izofa kulokhu.
Ukufika kuhle kunokwenziwa kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya kweshumi kuJuni. Faka ububanzi obungamamitha ayishumi. I-Yacon ikhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, into esemqoka ukuwufaka kahle. Ngako-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe, futhi ngokuqhubekayo kunconywa ukwenza ukugqoka okuphezulu kumquba kanye nezithasiselo zamaminerali. Kulokhu, ingxenye yesithathu ye-superphosphate ne-potassium yengezwa okwesithathu kwebhakede lomquba.
Izithombo ze-Yacon zitshalwe kude kube ngu-70 cm komunye nomunye. Masinyane emva kokutshala, yenza ukuchelela okuhle. Njengoba ikhula, lesi sitshalo siqala izimpande zawo ezijulile emhlabathini, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukubekezela isomiso, kungakabiphi isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokutshala nokuqothula izitshalo zidinga ukuchelela ngokugcwele. Emoyeni esomile, i-Yacon ithuliswa nsuku zonke, futhi lapho kuqala ukwindla imvamisa inciphile. Ukunisela kuyathandeka ukuthwala amanzi afudumele.
Kubalulekile! I-Yacon ithanda ukukhanya: kungcono ukuba akhethe izindawo ezikhanyisiwe zensimu. Lesi sitshalo, esitshalwe emthunzini, siqala kabi futhi sinciphisa isivuno. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokukhula nokuqina kwe-aacon, isivuno sinciphisa futhi.Ukushisa okuphezulu kwemoya yokukhula kwalesi sitshalo kusuka ku-18 ° C kuya ku-30 ° C. Lesi siko sinomswakama-onothando futhi sikhula kahle kumswakama we-60-70%.
Ukunakekela
I-Yacon, njengezitshalo eziningi, idinga ukondla - yandisa isivuno sayo futhi ishesha ukukhula. Kule njongo, kanye ngenyanga ukukhiqiza okunomsoco okunomsoco ngamaminerali amaminerali. Umanyolo we-Organic usetshenziswa enhlabathini ngenkathi utshala: lokhu kungaba izinyoni zezinyoni, inkomazi yenkomo. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwenhlabathi akuyona into engafanele ukuyicebisa nge nitrate. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi siko sinesidingo esikhulu se-potassium, futhi singaphansi kwe-phosphorus ne-nitrogen.
Umhlabathi esakhiweni lapho i-yacon itshalwe khona, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhululeke njalo ukhula. Ungakwazi ukuchitha ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi. Izitshalo zalesi sitshalo ngokuvamile zihluma njengezambatho. Uma kunesidingo, futhi ikakhulukazi uma indawo inamandla kakhulu, ungenza i-garter yalesi sitshalo.
I-yacon ingathinteka yizinambuzane ezifana i-whitefly, i-aphid, isicabucabu, i-caterpillar, Khrushchevnezinye izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube ngaphansi kwayo izifo ze-fungal.
Lesi siko asidingi ukufakelwa kabusha futhi singakhula isikhathi eside endaweni efanayo. Kungcono ukuhambisa lesi sitshalo endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye entwasahlobo.
Ukuqoqwa nokugcina
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, iminyaka yesitshalo kufanele ibe izinyanga ezingu-5-7. Ukuvuna iYacon kuveza ekwindla maduzane ngaphambi kwama frosts okuqala. Kubalulekile ukumba izilimo eziyizigaxa ngokucophelela, njengoba zikhona ezinzima kakhulu.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zivunwa ngokwehlukana ekusetshenzisweni kokudla, futhi izimpande zokukhiqiza kamuva zibekelwe ubusika. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-rhizome inqunywe ukuze kube khona amafihlethi atholakalayo nesigamu cishe ngamasentimitha angu-2-3 ngobukhulu. Izimpande zomile ekamelweni elincane elimnyama cishe amasonto amabili, bese zifakwa emabhokisini enkuni futhi zathelwe phezu komhlaba. Gcina engaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lika-4 ° C. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izimpande zingagcinwa cishe kuze kufike isivuno esilandelayo.
Uyazi? Amaqoqo e-Yacon aqoqwe kuphela anomunwe ongenamvubelo. Akunconywa ukuba udle ngaphambi kwenyanga ngemva kokumba. Ngesikhathi sokugcina, ukunambitheka kwabo kuyashintsha, kuba mnandi futhi kumnandi kakhulu. Unalo ukunambitheka okungcono kakhulu ngenyanga yesithathu yesitoreji. Le nqubo ingasheshiswa ngokubeka izimpande ezomile elangeni izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ividiyo: Yacon Qoqa
Abathandi be-artichoke yaseJerusalema bayoba nesithakazelo kule mifino engavamile ngathi. Unayo izakhiwo ezizuzisayo ezifanayo, kodwa isengagcinwa isikhathi eside futhi inomdla okuthakazelisayo nomnandi. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukuwufaka kuma-saladi, kodwa ungapheka ezinye izitsha eziningi ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe. I-Yacon ithuthukisa umzimba futhi iyisici esiwusizo kwimenyu yesifo sikashukela.
