I-Daikon, isihlobo esiseduze sesithombo nesithombo, sinesici esibalulekile sezomnotho nesingokwemvelo esithinta izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical zokulima.
Yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlamvu kanye nendlela yokutshala isitshalo sezitshalo ngembewu, sizobe sitshele kamuva esihlokweni. Sizokubuye sikutshele ngama-nuances abalimi ababhekana nawo ekukhuleni nasekunakekeleni le mifino.
Izici zokukhula
Ukuvunwa okuhle kunazo zonke kweDaikon kwakha emhlabathini ovundile ovundile ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuvuna okuhle kudinga ukwindla okujulile kanye nokuhluma kwentwasahlobo. Emhlabathini owodwa we-loamy, ungathola izitshalo zezimpande eziphakeme kakhulu, uma utshala izinhlobo ngezimpande ezingaphansi komhlaba ezigciniwe - ezingekho ngaphezu kwesigamu ubude.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula bachitha amanzi angu-5-6.. Izinga lokunisela ngamaminithi angu-10 liyi-350 amalitha amanzi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ihlanganiswa nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate - 0,2 g ngalinye 1 litre lamanzi. Lapho umswakama womoya ungaphansi kuka-60%, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zempande kubambezeleka - ukwakhiwa kwezici zezinkuni kanye nokuqoqwa kokufutheka kuyathuthukiswa.
Ukuhambisana namanye amasiko
I-Daikon ingahlonywa emva kwanoma yisiphi isiko, ngaphandle kwabamele abomndeni waseKlabishi, abenezifo ezivamile kanye nezinambuzane. Abandulela phambili:
- amazambane;
- i-tomato;
- ikhukhamba;
- isilimo esinamafutha;
- isaladi;
- ithanga.
I-Daikon ingahlanganiswa namanye amasiko. futhi sikhule emasimini ahlanganisiwe. Umphumela omubi we-daikon ekuvuneni kwezinye izitshalo akuzange kubonwe. Emithambekeni yama-high ridges (35-40 cm) ukuhlwanyela:
- i-dill;
- i-parsley;
- i-turnips.
Ekuvuseleleni, i-daikon iyalinywa ngemuva kokuvuna:
- okusanhlamvu;
- imifino yokuqala;
- amazambane
Izinsuku zokutshala
I-Daikon itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaMeyi, iminyaka eyishumi yesibili kaJuni, iminyaka eyishumi namashumi amathathu kaJulayi. Umhlabathi wangaphakathi uhlwanyelwe eminyakeni eyishumi kaFebhuwari.
Izinhlobo nezinhlamvu
Esikhathini sokuzalanisa, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-700 nezinhlamvu eziye zadalwa, ezihlukile ngokungaqondile, isimo nesayizi sesithelo, ukucwiliswa emhlabathini. ERussia ephakathi, izinhlobo zokugcina izithombo zinconywa - uSasha, ovulekile:
- I-Dubinushka;
- Dragon;
- UKhesari;
- Izintandokazi;
- I-Minovasi;
- Ibhola laseMoscow.
Ithebula Izinhlamvu zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlamvu ze-daikon
| Hlunga | Izithelo isisindo (kg) | Ifomu |
| Ukuvuthwa kokuqala - isikhathi semifino kwezinsuku ezingu-30-60 | ||
| Sasha | 0,1-0,4 | I-oval elinezimbongolo ezigcwele |
| Ama-Rhinoceros | 0,3-0,4 | I-Conic |
| Vakula | 0,4-0,8 | I-Cylindrical |
| I-Barchonok | 0,4 | Kuningi |
| I-Pink Misato Shine | 0,5-0,9 | Ujikeleze noma uhlangothi olugcwele |
| Sredneranny nesikhathi semifino kusuka ezinsukwini ezingu-60 kuya kwezingu-70: | ||
| I-Mino Same Cross F₁ | 0,4-0,5 | I-Conic |
| Kesari | 0,6-1,0 | I-Cylindrical |
| I-autumn ihle kakhulu | 0,3-0,42 | I-eliptic ehlanganisiwe |
| I-Diamond | 0,23 | Kuningi |
| Dubinushka | 0,6-2,0 | I-Cylindrical |
| Izintandokazi | 0,5-0,6 | I-Conic |
| Isikhathi esiphakathi - izinsuku ezingu-70-85 | ||
| Emperor F₁ | 0,5-0,6 | Icicle |
| Elephant Fang | 0,3-0,6 | I-cylindrical ehlanganisiwe |
| Udrako | 0,9-1 | I-Cylindrical |
| Ibhola laseMoscow | 1,0-1,5 | I-Cylindrical |
| Isilinganiso seminyaka engu-86-90 | ||
| I-Minovas PC | 1,0-1,5 | I-Cylindrical |
Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, njengeSasha, Barchonok, Rhinoceros, zihlwanyelwa ngamagama amabili - ngo-Ephreli ku-greenhouse, emhlabathini ovulekile eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili kaJulayi. Iningi elimelana ne-tsvetushnosti Minovashi no-Sasha.
Imbewu kaDaikon ingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ukuhleleka ezitolo ze-intanethi. Izindleko ze-1 g yembewu eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg - kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo neziningi - kusukela ku-ruble angu-16 nge-1 g. I-1 g yembewu iqukethe izingcezu ezingu-90 kuya ku-140.
Indlela yokutshala imbewu yempande?
EYurophu, isithombo seJapane sikhule kakhulu emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa, ungasebenzisa ifilimu noma indawo evaliwe.
Isiqondiso ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile:
- Khetha indawo evikelekile emoyeni futhi ikhanyiswe ilanga.
- Emva kokulima nokulimaza, benza ukuchelela okuvusa amadlingozi - basika imisele yokunisela futhi bavumele amanzi ageleze kuwo. Amahlumela okhula, avela emva kokunisela, abhubhise ukulima okungakazeki ngaphandle kokuguqula amanzi.
- Ngama-1 m², 500 g we-superphosphate nama-250 g we-usawoti we-potassium asetshenziswa ekwindla ukumba, 300 g we-ammonium nitrate ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela nokugqoka. Umanyolo we-Organic usetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesiko sangaphambilini.
- Emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu ingcwatshwa ngokujula: 1-2 cm emhlabathini we-mineral, 2-3 cm emabhodleleni e-peat. Ngxenye yesibili kaJulayi, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ukukhiqiza isivuno sekwindla.
- Ukuvimbela izitshalo ukuthi zingaboni, isisindo sokuhlwanyela se-30 × 20 cm sisetshenziswa. Imigqa emine ye-daikon ifakwa ku-1.8 cm ububanzi obubanzi ngokuma kwezitshalo ezingu-10-11 ngehora elilodwa lemitha. Emgodini u-1.2 m ububanzi, batshalwe emigqeni emibili, bahlukaniswe ngamasentimitha angu-60-70 komunye nomunye. Amaphakathi phakathi kwezitshalo angama-20-25 cm.
- Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngendlela yokuzalanisa - 2-3 kahle.
- Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe futhi ihlanganiswe ne-peat noma i-sawdust enezingqimba ezifika ku-1.5 cm. Amahlumela avela izinsuku ezingu-4-7.
- Esikhathini sesigaba 1-2 salamaqabunga isitshalo esinamandla kunazo zonke esishiywe, bonke abanye basuswa noma batshalwa endaweni yabafileyo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yenza ukudla kokuqala, okwesibili emva kwamasonto amabili.
- Ngesikhathi sehlobo, ukhula ukhulule inhlabathi izikhathi ezingu-2-3 phakathi kwemigqa: okokuqala kuya ku-14 cm, ngakho-ke, ukuze ungalimazi izithelo, kuya ekujuleni okuncane.
- Kusukela ngesikhathi sokunciphisa, zondliwa nge-supplement organic or mineral. I-top top yokugqoka emva kokuqothula i-inflemu ye-mullein, ihlanjululwe 1:10, ngokufaka u-15 g we-urea nge-10 l yesisombululo. Ukondla okwesibili ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwe-fetus - umquba wezinkukhu 1:15 ngokukhishwa kwe-superphosphate (15 g ngalinye ngo-10 l wekhambi). Ukugqoka okwedlula ama-fertilizer okuyinkimbinkimbi kuyasebenza.
Izici zokufika endaweni evikelekile:
- Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovaliwe:
- Ithemu le-1st - yesibili neshumi leminyaka kaJanuwari;
- Isikhathi sesibili - iminyaka eyishumi kaFebhuwari;
- Isikhathi sesi-3 - sesi-2 neseshumi leminyaka ka-Mashi.
Okuhle kakhulu - isikhathi sesithathu sokuhlwanyela.
- Imbewu yokuhlwanyela iqhutshwa ngesandla yizicucu 2-3 emthonjeni ngamunye. Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela - 45 × 25 cm.
- Uhluma ukhula, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukucwilisa izitshalo, kusale okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu.
- Lawula ukushisa: isikhathi sokuhluma - 12-15 ºC, ukwakheka kwe-fetus - 15-18 ºC. Umswakama ohambelana nomoya emoyeni wokushisa unama-60-65%.
- Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwezimpande zezitshalo, kusetshenziswe njalo ngamanzi afudumele t 20-25 ºC.
- Uma ufinyelela kuma-85% wezitshalo zokuvuthwa zobuchwepheshe, izithelo ezigulayo nezonakalisiwe ziyasuswa.
Izici zokukhula ekhaya:
Ekwindla, ukumba kwenhlabathi okujulile kwenziwa - okungenani ama-30 cm. Ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika, inhlabathi ikhululiwe kakhulu. Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngesandla noma usebenzise umlimi wezimoto "uMole", owenza inhlabathi ibe yi-35 cm ejulile.- Kusukela ekwindla, inhlabathi igcwele umquba ophilayo - 5-10 kg ngehora elilodwa lemitha. Ngaphambi kokutshala, yenza i-nitrophore ye-1 m² 50 g noma ingilazi yokhuni lomlotha.
- Ngaphansi kwezimo zoMhlaba Omnyama, imibhede yenziwa phezulu 35-40 cm.
- Ezindaweni ezinkulu, imbewu ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi besebenzisa i-cutter flat, i-tamped kancane futhi iphuziswa.
- Naphezu kokuthi iziqongo zingakwazi ukumelana nohla lwezinga lokushisa lokufika ku-4 ºC, ukutshala ngokulindela iqhwa kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngento engeke iboshwe noma ifilimu.
- Imifino imifino ihlanjululwe ngeforkfork noma idonsa ngezandla zayo.
Ekwindla, ukumba kwenhlabathi okujulile kwenziwa - okungenani ama-30 cm. Ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika, inhlabathi ikhululiwe kakhulu. Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngesandla noma usebenzise umlimi wezimoto "uMole", owenza inhlabathi ibe yi-35 cm ejulile.Kubalulekile: Izinhlobo Sasha, Dubinushka, Minovashi, Pink Shine Misato zinikeza isivuno esihle ku-greenhouse.
Ngaphandle kokuhlwanyela imbewu ngokuqondile, indlela yokutshala isetshenziswa: engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Mashi, imbewu yezinhlobonhlobo ngezimbande ezitshalisiwe noma eziyinkimbinkimbi zitshalwe ezitsheni ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-10 cm ejulile. Lapho sifinyelela esigabeni samaqabunga angu-3-4 weqiniso, izithombo zigoqwe nge-clod yomhlaba endaweni enomphela.
I-nuances yokunakekelwa kwemifino
- Ukuze uvikele izitshalo ezivela emthonjeni obuncane, izithombo ziphethwe yiziqu izikhathi 3-4 ngezilonda noma uthuli othuza ugwayi ophakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-4-5 noma ezimbozwe ngezinto ezingezona eziboshwe.
- Inhlabathi ye-daikon kumele iqhutshwe ngokujulile - kungenjalo, noma yisiphi isithiyo ekukhuleni kwempande iba yimbangela yokuvinjelwa kwezithelo.
- Ama-fertilizer e-organic asetshenziselwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ukunciphisa ukunikezwa kwezimpahla - izithelo ezigobile.
- Lapho ubude bosuku olungaphezu kwamahora angu-15 ku-daikon bebambezele ukubunjwa kwempande.
- Ngokuhlwanyela kokuqala, lapho usuku olude luhlanganiswa namazinga okushisa angaphansi kwansuku zonke, ama-tsvetushnosti angaphansi kokuhlwanyelwa ngoJuni.
- I-Daikon ingahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi eminyakeni engama-4-5.
Izimpande ezinesibindi nezibucayi zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela. Uma inhlabathi iphathwa ngokucophelela futhi ngokujulile, i-spade noma amathuluzi okuchitha ngeke kudingeke ukuba kuhlanzwe. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, lapho isayithi likhululiwe ezitshalweni zezitshalo, ungatshala imbewu ye-daikon emibhedeni engenalutho bese uthola isivuno esihle ngoSepthemba.
