Ibhisi elimnandi, elihlwabusayo, elimnandi, liphuma ngaphansi kwamaqabunga aluhlaza embhedeni walo wensimu - balimi abanolwazi kanye nabalimi be-novice balinde lesi sibonakaliso. I-Strawberry ivula ubusika bayo obusika-spring ehlobo ngokubukeka kwayo futhi igcwalisa umzimba, obuthakathaka ngesikhathi sebusika, ngamavithamini, ama-antioxidants nezinye izinto eziwusizo. Ungenza kanjani ama-strawberries avele ekuqaleni futhi athele izithelo isikhathi eside? Imfihlo eyinhloko ekutshalweni kwekwindla. Ake sibheke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
Izinzuzo zokutshala ama-strawberries ekwindla
Ukutshala ekwindla kwama-strawberries kubangela abalimi abaningi abanokungcola kwezithombo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukulahlekelwa kwesitshalo. Nokho, lesi siko sensimu sihlanganiswe neqhwa ibekezelela kalula ngisho nokushisa okukhulu. Ukuntuleka kweqhwa kungakhokhiswa ngokuncintisana, bese entwasahlobo uzothola isitshalo esihle kakhulu se-strawberry ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Uyazi? Ama-Strawberries - yiyona berry kuphela emhlabeni, lapho imbewu ingaphandle, hhayi njengokujwayelekile - ngaphakathi.
Izinzuzo ezibonakalayo zokutshala kwekwindla:
- enhlabathini evuthayo phezu kwehlobo, ama-strawberries ancoma kangcono;
- ukukhethwa okukhulu kokutshala izinto ekwindla;
- Izihlahla zikhula ngokushesha futhi zikhule;
- Izinhlobo ezifanele ziveza isivuno sokuqala;
- Imibhede yase-autumn yase-strawberry idinga umzamo ongaphansi nokunakwa.
Lapho ukutshala ama-strawberry ekwindla
Ngokwesiko ukuqala kwekwindla kubhekwa njengesikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokutshala ama-strawberrieslapho inhlabathi ishisa, kodwa akukho ukushisa kwehlobo, kanti isimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, futhi ama-sitrobheli asetsheni azoba nesikhathi sokutshala kahle futhi akhule. Noma kunjalo, izici zezitshalo ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe kanye nendawo yakho zingathinta kakhulu isikhathi sokutshala.
Funda futhi mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokutshala ama-strawberries ekwindla nasekwindla.
Izinsuku zekhalenda
Ukutshala ama-strawberry ama-autumn kungaba:
- ekuqaleni (maphakathi no-Agasti - maphakathi no-September);
- maphakathi (ekupheleni kukaSepthemba - maphakathi no-Okthoba);
- sekwephuzile (iphetha inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala).
Izitshalo zokuqala nezokuqala zibhekwa njengezikhiqizayo., nokufika kwekwephuzile kuyingozi kakhulu, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuziqagela isikhathi sokuqala kwamaqhwa. Ukuqhwaqhaqhaza ukulimaza izithombo, kubangele ukuthi amahlumela athele izithelo ezimbi kakhulu entwasahlobo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwe-sitrobheli entwasahlobo (izinyathelo ezivamile, ukufaka umanyolo), ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, emva kokuvuna.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala sinqunywa ngomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwesitrobheli. Eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo, ama-antenna avela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ukuvuthwa kwemifucumfucu kwenzeka phakathi naphakathi kwehlobo, futhi ukubunjwa kwezithelo kuvela ekwindla. Ulwazi lwama-nuances kanye nezimo ezithile zesimo sezulu esifundeni esithile kuzokwenza kube lula ukutshala ama-strawberries ngesikhathi, lapho, ngokunisela nokunakekelwa okufanele, kungakhula futhi kutholakale izithelo ngaphambi kweqhwa.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba ukufakelwa kwekwindla, izinhlobo eziphuthumayo kuzodingeka zihlatshelwe umvuno wesibili, ngoba ukuphindwa kabusha kuvame ukuhambisana nokubunjwa kwezitshalo ezintsha.
Izimo zezulu
Usuku olushisayo olushusayo alufanelekile neze ukutshala ama-strawberries. Ungahlanganyeli ekutshalweni nasemvula enkulu. Okukhethwa kukho okuzoba kuhle ngosuku olulandelayo emva kwemvula emifushane. - ngakho-ke inhlabathi iyaneliswa ngokugcwele, kodwa ngeke iqhutshwe emaqenjini. Isikhathi sakusihlwa singcono kakhulu sokufika, futhi esimweni sezulu esibhakabhakeni - phakathi nosuku. Ekuseni, ukutshala akukhuthazwa, njengoba phakathi nosuku ilanga elikhanyayo lingathinta kakhulu izithombo. 
Izici zesifunda
Isikhathi esiqondile sokutshala singahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi isifunda nesimo sezulu saso. Isibonelo, ema-Urals, isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ama-strawberries sisukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, naseMpumalanga Ekude, ngesimo sezulu esihle, lesi sikhathi singaphelela kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Izifunda eziseningizimu zaseRussia, e-Ukraine naseMoldova nazo zivumela ukutshala ngaphambi kukaNovemba, kuyilapho eSiberia kubalulekile ukuqedela ukutshala phakathi no-Agasti, noma ekugcineni, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, kusukela amaqhwa okuqala anganaki yonke imizamo yabalimi bendawo.
Uyazi? I-Lemon ingcono kakhulu kune-strawberry kune-strawberries!
Lapho ukutshala khona kusayithi
Indawo enhle kakhulu yokulala embhedeni we-sitrobheli umoya wavikela indawo yangaphandle yelangangoba iberry ekhulile emthunzini uvuthwa kancane kancane futhi ngokukhululekile ulahlekelwa ukunambitheka.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze izithelo ze-sitrobheli kahle, akukhuthazwa ukuba zikhule endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4.
Isivuno esitholakalayo singatholakala emhlabathini omnyama, nge-sandy loam nasehlabathini lomhlabathi. Endaweni enesihlabathi noma yobumba, umphumela uzoba kubi kakhulu. I-swampland yokutshala ama-strawberries ayifanele nhlobo. Inketho enhle kakhulu ingaba isayithi lapho izilwane ezikhulile zazikhulile khona (izitshalo, okusanhlamvu, kanye nezinye izihlahla). 
Uma uhlela indawo yokutshala sitrobheli ekwindla bese uphula imibhede nalezi zitshalo kuwo, ungaphatha ukuvuna ama-manureds aluhlaza futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa ugcine usomanyolo we-sitrobheli, ngoba inhlabathi izothuthukiswa ne-nitrogen nezinye izakhi. Kodwa emva kwamatamatisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane, iklabishi, i-pepper kanye nama-eggplant, ama-asterinaceous ne-buttercups, ama-strawberries akufanele atshalwe, ngoba lezi zitshalo zinesinambuzane ezivamile ezingahlala phansi.
Uma unesakhiwo esincane, ungakha umbhede wepiramidi noma umbhede oqondile wokutshala ama-strawberries.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo zekhwalithi
Ukutshala ama-strawberry angasetshenziswa:
- izithombo ezithengiwe (izithombo ze-varietal);
- ukutshala izinto ezivela emibhedeni yabo (izintuthwane nezinyawo).
Kubalulekile! Izithombo kufanele zibe ukutshalwa kwendawo, ngoba izithombo ezikhulile esifundeni esifudumele azikwazi ukugxila ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ukubonakala kwezithombo ezinhle
I-strawberry seedling efanelekayo yokutshala ine-3-5 amaqabunga enempilo enempilo kanye nezimpande ezimhlophe ezimhlophe kusukela ku-7 ukuya ku-10 cm ubude. Ukuthandelwa kufanele kunikelwe ezihlahleni ezinezimpande zezintamo ezimpandeni ezingaphezu kuka-6 mm. 
Izithombo ezilungiselelwe ezithengiwe noma ezithathwe kumakhelwane kufanele zitshalwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka noma zinamathele endaweni enomthunzi endaweni encane, emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukutshala izinto kusuka embhedeni wakho wensimu
Ukuze uthole izinto eziphakeme zokutshala kusukela embhedeni, kuyadingeka ukhethe kahle-fruiting unyaka owodwa noma oneminyaka emibili ubudala sitrobheli ezihlabayo kanye prikopat ophumayo 2-3 tendrils. Kuyoba lula ukubhekana nokufika kokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma ubeka amadevu akho ngokushesha ku-container ehlukile yokufakelwa kabusha (isibonelo, indebe eplastiki).
Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, kudingekile ukuthi uphonse izinkukhu ezikhula phambili, ukuze izisekelo zitholakale zithole ukudla okuvela esihlahleni somama. Ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele lezi zihlahla ezincane kakade kakade ngaphambi kokutshala. 
Ngaphambi kokusebenza
Umsebenzi wokutshala kuqala uqala kusengaphambili futhi uqukethe ukulungiselela isayithi nokutshala.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Inhlabathi kumbhede we-sitrobheli kufanele ikhule, ne-acidity ezinamayunithi angu-5-6.5 futhi ithebula lamanzi lingaphezulu kuka-60 cm.
Funda ukuthi unganquma kanjani i-asidi yenhlabathi esakhiweni, ucoce inhlabathi.
Njengoba ukubunjwa komhlabathi okunomsoco kuphelile ngesikhathi sehlobo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekulungiseni inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kwekwindla.
Okufanele ukwenze ukuze ulungiselele kahle inhlabathi yokutshala ekwindla:
- Susa kahle ukhula kusuka kusayithi.
- Hlola imibhede yesikhathi esizayo ngezinambuzane. Lapho uthola izinambuzane ezindala noma izibungu, uphathe umhlabathi nge-ammonium nitrate noma izinto ezikhethekile zokulawula izinambuzane ezithengiswa ezitolo zensimu.
- Kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokufika okuhlosiwe, ukumba isayithi ibe yi-25-30 cm ejulile.
- Ukutshala imibhede ezayo ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokumba. Ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yama-fertilizer ngokuqondile kuxhomeke emgangathweni wezwe. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusetshenziswe umanyolo ovuthiwe u-5 kuya ku-20 kg. m isakhiwo. I-humus, umquba noma i-superphosphate nomanyolo we-potashi nayo ingasetshenziswa. Uma umhlaba ugcwele kakhulu, umanyolo omncane udinga.
- Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi kumele iguqulwe ngokujula kwe-15 cm.
Ukulungiselela izithombo
Ukulungiselela izithombo kungcono ukuqala isonto ngaphambi kokufika okuhlosiwe nokuhlolwa okubukwayo, kulandelwa yi:
- susa amashidi amaningi ngokweqile, ushiye izingcezu ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu;
- unciphisa izimpande eside ukuya ku-10 cm;
- inqubo ye-fungicides ngokumelene nokutheleleka kwe-fungal;
- shiya endaweni epholile emnyama, efafazwe kalula ngomhlaba, ehlanganiswe emasimini noma ethatha ezinye izinyathelo zokulwa nokuma;
- cishe ihora ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo kufanele ziphuze futhi zihlume kahle.
Izimpande zingafakwa:
- ku-infusion yamagilekhi - ukwesabisa izinambuzane;
- nje esitsheni sobumba ukuvikela izimpande ekumeni nokuqinisekisa izinga lokusinda okungcono;
- ekukhuleni kwe-biostimulant - ukuqhuma okungcono nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwehlathi.
Emva kwalokhu, ukulungiselela izithombo kungacatshangwa kuqedile.
Kulungile okulungile
Kunezinhlelo ezintathu zokutshala sitrobheli:
- Gnezdovaya. Eduze ehlathini eliphakathi kwamakhilomitha angaba ngu-30, amanye ayisithupha atshalwe ngezikhathi eziphakathi kwezingu-45 cm. Loluhlelo luhle kakhulu ekuzaleni ngokulandela izinsimbi, ukuhlinzeka indawo yokuqothulwa kwabo.
- Iphephethi. Izihlahla zitshalwe nge-carpet eqinile ngebanga lika-20-30 cm phakathi kwabo. Lolu hlelo lufanelekile imibhede encane.
- Okuvamile. Izitshalo zitshalwe emigqeni, ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lisuka ku-40 kuya ku-70 cm, isikhala esiphakathi kwehlathi siya kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-30 cm. Leli hlelo elifanele kakhulu emasimini amakhulu nangenxa yokutshala ama-strawberries ekugubungeni impahla.
Kubalulekile! Uma ukhetha isikhala esiphakathi kwezihlahla, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo, njengoba izinhlobo ezisabalalayo zidinga isikhala esiningi kunezinhlanganisela.
Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukulandelana kwezenzo ezilandelayo:
- Smooth bese ukhulula inhlabathi, phawula indawo yemigqa nemigodi, kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlelo olukhethiwe.
- Hamba izimbobo ngokujula kwe-10-15 cm (hhayi ngaphansi kwebude bezimpande), okumele kuphuze, uma ukufika kungakapheli emva kwemvula.
- Ground kusuka emigodini ingaxubaniswa nomquba kanye nomquba obolile uma inhlabathi ingazange ifakwe ngaphambili.
- Ukwakha phakathi nendawo yezigxobo zomhlaba.
- Beka isithombo esiqongweni sesigodlo, usakaze izimpande emithambekeni yayo.
- Ngenkathi ubamba i-shrub, ngobumnene gcwalisa umhlabathi ukuze i-collar yezimpande (indawo lapho amaqabunga ekhula khona) iqhuma phansi.
- Khipha kancane nokuningi, kodwa uthele kahle.
- Umhlaba ukhululiwe ukuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka kwe-oxygen namanzi.
- Gaya phezulu kwe-peat noma i-humus.
Izinto zokumboza zokufika
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokugqoka zokutshala ama-strawberries kunezinzuzo ezithile:
- igcina inhlabathi ivulekile futhi imanzi;
- ivikela izihlahla ezibandayo, isomiso, imvula, iqhwa nezinye izinto zemvelo;
- ayivumeli ukhula lukhule;
- ayivumeli ukuba ithathe imifino eminye imifino;
- ivikela amaqabunga ezinambuzane nokubola;
- i-berry ihlala ihlanzekile.
Lezi zinto zizodinga ukushintshwa kuphela emva kweminyaka engu-3-4, okungukuthi, kanyekanye nokufakelwa kwe-sitrobheli, okuyinto elula kakhulu. I-polyethylene ifilimu (ebalalayo, enemibala noma emnyama), i-agrofibre (i-spunbond, i-agrospan, i-lutrasil, njll), i-mulch ruberoid, i-mulch organic (i-pine litter, utshani, i-perepery sawdust) noma izitshalo eziphilayo (isibonelo, i-nasturtium ekhula kancane, i-garlic, isinaphi, i-parsley). 
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala ekugubungeni impahla akufani nokulungiselela ukutshala endaweni evulekile. Emva kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokulungiselela, le ndawo igcwele impahla ehlanganisiwe, emaphethelweni okudingeka ukuthi ihlelwe ngamabhodi, amatshe noma amabakaki ensimbi. Ukudonsa impahla yokumboza, udinga ukunaka ukuthi iseduze kanjani nomhlabathi. Ukunamathela ngokwanele kokubheka phansi kuyaqeda zonke izinzuzo zayo. Khona-ke, ngokusebenzisa ummese, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwehla ngaphezu kwezimbobo, emva kwalokho izithombo kufanele zitshalwe kuwo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezici ze-strawberry mulching, izinhlobo ze-mulch nemithetho yokusetshenziswa.
I-mulch yemvelo ihlanganiswa yizihlahla ezitshalwe kakade, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo eziphilayo njengezinto zokumboza kufaneleka kakhulu ukutshala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo.
Ividiyo: ukutshala sitrobheli ekwindla ngaphansi kokumboza impahla
Ngemuva kokuwa
Ukunakekela izithombo ngemuva kokutshala amathumba phansi ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele zokuqeda ukudla okusheshayo nokuqiniswa kwezihlahla ezincane. Ukwenza lokhu, kufanele wenze imisebenzi elandelayo.
- Ukunisela nokukhulula inhlabathi. Izinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala kunconywa ukuba uchithe ama-strawberries njalo, ezingxenyeni ezincane zamanzi afudumele kusuka ekutheni amanzi, azama ukuwa amaqabunga. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokunisela ngukusa. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, ukuchelela kuyadingeka kaningi (izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngesonto zanele), kodwa ziningi kakhulu.
- Ukuhlanzwa kokhula nokususwa kwezintuthwane.
- Ukuvikelwa kwezihlahla ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukwelapha amaqabunga nomhlabathi ngezindlela ezikhethekile ("Karbofos", utshwala chloroxide noma i-Bordeaux utshwala). Abagqugquzeli bokusebenzisa imikhiqizo emibi banikeza ukwelapha izihlahla ngokubunjwa kwamalitha ayishumi amanzi afudumele, izipuni ezimbili zamapulangwe, ama-tablespoons amathathu amafutha yemifino engaphezulu, ama-tablespoons amabili eviniga nezibuko ezimbili zesepha elimanzi.
- Ukuhlanganisa okungeziwe ngaphambi kobusika. Isendlalelo se-mulch akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-5 cm. I-peat, utshani noma i-sawdust ingasetshenziswa kulokhu, kodwa i-lapnik iyindlela evelele kakhulu futhi elula.
Ama-Strawberries angathinteka endaweni e-brown, fusarium ne-wtic verticillous; nematodes, weevil.
Ividiyo: ukutshala sitrobheli ekwindla
Uma zonke lezi zimo zifinyelelwa, ama-strawberries azoba namandla ngokwanele futhi uzoba nobusika kahle. Ngentwasahlobo, kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe umswakama bese ususa u-3 cm wezingqimba eziphezulu zenhlabathi ukuze ususe izinambuzane ezingakhona, ukhulule umhlabathi futhi ususe amashidi abomile nalabo abakhubazekile. Ngakho-ke, uma wenza imizamo emikhulu ekwindla, ungathola umbhede omuhle ukulungele izimbali kanye nokuhluma kwentwasahlobo. Ama-Strawberries nakanjani ayowazisa ukunakekelwa kwakho futhi ayokujabulela ukukujabulela kakhulu ama-berries awo aqhakazile futhi anempepho.
