Ukutshala anyanisi

Sikhula u-anyanisi we-batun engadini yethu: izici zokutshala nokunakekelwa

Ukuba khona anyanisi akukwazi ukwenza inqwaba yezingubo kanye namalungiselelo, ngoba lesi sitshalo esikhuthaza ukunambitheka kwemikhiqizo futhi sibanika ubukhali. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo zalesi siko azikhawulelwanga ku-leek owaziwayo, kanti enye into enhle yi-anyanisi e-batun, echazwe ngezansi.

Kuyini i-bat anyanisi

I-anyanisi batun - isitshalo esingapheli, esibonakala ukutholakala kwama-bulb ne-malochnyemi nezikali ezincane ezigcinwe kahle ebusika. Yingakho ukudla kusetshenziselwa amaqabunga kuphela neziqu, okuyiqiniso, okukhulunywa ngakho kulokhu kukhula.

Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ku-40-60 cm ukuphakama, ukuphonsa imicibisholo kuze kufike ku-45 cm ubude ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Izimpaphe ezincane zinezinga eliphakeme lokumelana nesithwathwa futhi zibekezelela ukubekezela kwama-frost kuya -6 ... -8 ° C, okusho ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile isitshalo akudingeki ukushisa okungaphezulu.

Ama-anyanisi e-Batun yizinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke phakathi no-anyanisi okungapheli, okungahlwanyela kokubili kusuka kumbewu (le ndlela ivame kakhulu) futhi imifino.

Kubalulekile! Ekubukeni, isitshalo sifana kakhulu no-anyanisi abancane, amaqabunga amahlumela kuphela alezi zinhlobo zikhulu kakhulu futhi zikhulu, zifinyelela ubude obungama-40 cm (no-2 cm ububanzi).
I-anyan-batun ayifuni isibani sangempela (ngokungafani ne-bulb eshiwo kakade), futhi esikhundleni sayo kukhona uhlobo lokuqina olwenziwe emhlabathini, okuthiwa "i-bulb yamanga". Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi ukunambitheka kwe-batun kuyinto encane kunaleyo ye-anyanisi, futhi inzuzo eyengeziwe ingumuthi ophakeme we-vitamin C.

Uyazi? I-onion-batun ikhula ngokuthula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4, yize kunezimo lapho ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa kungakhona ukuthola ukuceka okucebile kwama-greenery.

Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bayelulekwa ukuthi bangabambezeli ekutshaleni kwezinye izindawo, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokukhula okuqinile kwengxenye engaphansi komhlaba, ukuvunwa kwezitshalo kuncishiswe kakhulu.

Ukukhetha indawo yokufika

Uma sicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukutshalwa isikhathi eside kwe-batun anyanisi, indawo yokutshala kufanele ikhethwe ukucabangela zonke izidingo eziyisisekelo zalesi sitshalo isikhathi eside. Ngokuqondene nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi, isitshalo kulokhu akuhlukaniswa nokuqonda futhi sikhule kahle ngisho nasemhlabathini onobuthi.

Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esihle se-anyanisi, ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yokutshala kufanele kube okufanelekile: emhlabathini owomile ahlinzeke ngendaba ephilayo futhi ayenze ahlanzeke futhi ahlanzeke amanzi, futhi acidic ngaphezulu lime. Akufanelekile ukukhula kwemifula emanzini noma enobumba obunzima.

I-anyan-batun ayibekezeli ukukhanyisa kwelanga, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuvikela imicibisholo yakhe ekuphungeni okusheshayo, ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela umbhede eceleni kocingo noma kude nemithi, ukuze isitshalo sikhule emthunzini obala.

Kubalulekile! Awukwazi ukudala imibhede nge anyanisi ezindaweni ezikhukhulayo emva kwemvula eqinile noma iqhwa eliqhakazile, yize i-onion ye-bat ithanda umswakama.
Indawo ekhethiwe kufanele ibe yindlala, ingabi nemithambeka, ukuze imbewu ingahlanjululwa ngamanzi.

Ukushisa okunamandla kokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kufana no-18 ... +22 ° C, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi akutshalwanga ezindaweni ezimoya zezulu.

Izinqubo zokulungiselela esakhiweni

Ngokutshala i-anyanisi batun entwasahlobo, umbhede wensimu ulungiselelwe kusukela ekwindla noma emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, wanezela ibhakede lomquba omuhle kanye no-150 g wezinkuni umlotha ngamunye ngemitha engu-1. Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni sakho isisinde kakhulu, ke-ke ama-humus angaba yi-5 kg, 25 g we-ammonium nitrate, 15 g we-potassium chloride kanye no-25 g we-superphosphate kumele wengezwe nge-1 m².

Futhi cabanga ngobuningi bomhlabathi. Ngalolu hlobo lwe-anyanisi, inhlabathi ye-pH 7-7.2 ifanelekile. Inhlabathi enomsoco idinga ukulingana noma ufulawa wama dolomite.

Indawo ekhethiwe kufanele igome futhi ibusheleleke, bese "usika" imigqa ekude ka-25 cm komunye nomunye. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela u-anyanisi ngokuqondile, inhlabathi iyanamanzi.

Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-anyanisi batun ngaphambi kokutshala

Lapho utshala noma yikuphi ukulungiselela ukuhlwanyela imbewu kudla indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngisho nangaphambi kokubeka imbewu enhlabathini usuvele unethuba lokubona izibonelo ezifanele.

I-batun anyanisi akufanele ihlale endaweni efanayo, ngoba kuphela ngokunamathela ekulandeleni kwezitshalo ungathola ukutholakala kahle kwembewu esikhathini esizayo, ulinde imicibisholo ukuba ivuthwe. Ekhethwe imbewu yokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuba ungene ngaphambili emanzini noma isisombululo esikhethekile sama-micronutrients (i-tablet eyodwa yenzelwe ilitha elingu-1 litre).

Kubalulekile! Le nqubo kumele ilawulwe, ngoba imbewu ayifuni ukunikeza amahlumela amade, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukufika.
Ngenye indlela, ungagcwalisa imbewu ye-batun anyanisi kwisisombululo esifudumele se-potassium permanganate (imizuzu engu-20), bese ushiya usuku emanzini afudumele ajwayelekile, okuzodinga ukuguqulwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, zonke izinhlobo zomile zimile esimweni esithukuthele futhi sihlwanyelwe. Ukutshala imbewu kuyasheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo izinsuku ezingu-5-7.

Abanduleli abalungile nababi be-anyanisi ka-batun

Ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi kuthinteka kakhulu izitshalo ezikhula kuso. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke "abangabangane" komunye nomunye, okusho ukuthi amanye amasiko angase akhule kabi emva kokuqala kwawo. Ngakho-ke, lapho begqoka u-anyanisi we-bat, bheka, ukuze ugarlic, izaqathe, anyanisi (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni) noma ukhukhamba akufanele sikhule phambi kwakhe njengasemhlabeni kunezinambuzane eziningi kanye nezifo ze-anyanisi ezifo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze umhlaba ungabi nalutho (uma, isibonelo, unquma ukutshala anyanisi kuphela ehlobo), kufanele uhlale kuwo ulethisi, iklabishi, isithombo noma i-dill, futhi ngemva kokuvuna, bahlwanyela i-batun. Lezi zitshalo ngeke zibe yisithiyo ekutholeni isivuno esikhulu salesi sitshalo futhi ngeke sidale izinkinga ekulimeni kwayo.

Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-onion batun

Njengoba usuqoqa imbewu emicibisholo eyodwa noma emibili ye-batun anyanisi, uzonikezwa inzalo yonyaka olandelayo. Ukuhlwanyela kwezitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwehlobo, futhi akukho ukungafani okuyisisekelo ngokutshala nokunakekela izitshalo ezitshalwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene.

Njengoba lolu hlobo lwe-anyanisi lungcono esimweni sethu sezulu, izinga lokushisa elincane lapho ukuphoqelela imicibisholo ingaba njengamancane + 10 ... +13 ° C.

Mane nje, ngisho nalapho eshiywe emibhedeni, uzohlala ehlathini ngokuzolile, futhi ukuhluma kwempaphe kuyoqala cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuxubha kwenhlabathi. Izimpaphe ze-anyanisi zimelela ukwehlisa isikhathi esifushane ukushisa kuya ku -4 ... -7 ° C, ngakho-ke, ulinde inhlabathi ukuthi ifudumele, ungahlwanyela ngokuphepha imbewu.

Izitshalo zonyaka zihlwanyelwa ngokushesha lapho kuphele amaqhwa amaqhwa (ngokuvamile ngoMashi nangasekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli), futhi ama-anyanisi asetshenziswa isikhathi eside asetshalwe eduze kwasekuqaleni kwehlobo noma ekufikeni kwekwindla, kodwa kuphela ukuze ikhule ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi u-anyanisi ohlwanyelwe ekwindla, uqala ukukhula eluhlaza ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa liyancibilika bese likhula phansi.

Isu nokujula kwembewu yokuhlwanyela

Uma, lapho uhlwanyela imbewu, ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa buyi-18-20 cm, ke uhlelo lokuhlwanyela lungaba imigqa emihlanu noma eyisithupha, ngokujula kuka-1-3 cm (kulokhu, 1.5 g yembewu ngalunye i-1 mmitha kubhekwa njengesijwayelekile). Ngokuvamile, izinga lokuhlwanyela yi-1.2-1.6 g lembewu ngalunye i-1 m². Phakathi kwemigqa ngokuvamile ihamba okungenani 25-30 cm.

Kubalulekile! Uma inhlabathi isindayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uvale imbewu ngokujula kwe-2 cm, futhi kwezinye izimo kungcono ukujula imbewu ngo-3 cm.
I-Ready izitshalo ezilungile ne-layer ye humus ku-1-1,5 cm bese uhambisa kancane. Kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu kuya ekubukeni kwamahlumela okuqala, ngokuvamile kuthatha ezinsukwini ezingu-11 kuya kwezingu-17.

Ukunakekelwa nokutshala i-anyanisi batun

Ukunakekela i-batun anyanisi akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengoba le nqubo ibhelela ezenzweni ezintathu ezinkulu:

  • ukuphuza - inhlabathi kufanele ihambiswe ngamasentimitha angu-20 (ezimweni eziningi kwanele ukufaka uketshezi kabili ngeviki, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuma izitshalo ziphuziswa njalo ngosuku);
  • weeding - ngaphandle kwalo, ngeke kwenzeke ukuvunwa okuhle, ikakhulukazi u-anyanisi angadla nakancane noma agule noma yisiphi isifo esibangwa ngumsebenzi wokhula;
  • ukukhulula - kunomthelela ekuphefumuleni kwezimpande zama-bulb, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuphuthumise ukukhula kwabo.
Ake sihlole ingxenye ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukunisela imodi

Ngenxa yokungabi nomswakama emhlabathini, inqwaba ye-batun anyanisi iyashintsha umthunzi wayo futhi iba ne-bluish-white, futhi isifuba sayo sinamathele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kukhona uketshezi oluningi emhlabathini, lesi sitshalo siba umbala ohlaza obala.

Imibono mayelana nemvamisa kanye nenani lokunisela anyanisi lihlukaniswe. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abathile batusa ukuphuza isitshalo kanye ngesonto, ngesilinganiso sama-10 amalitha amanzi ngalunye ngemitha engu-1 yokuhlwanyela, okwandisa umthamo kuphela ngezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, esinye isigamu sezakhamuzi zasehlobo sisho ukuthi ungathola imifino enomuthi kuphela uma uphuza amanzi anyanisi izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngesonto, wanezela ama-10-20 amalitha esakhiweni ngasinye ngemitha engu-1 (3-4 amahora emva kokuphuza ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa okudingekile ukuyikhulula).

Kunoma yikuphi, isimo sezulu sendawo ethile kanye nezici zesayithi kuzokusiza ukuba ubone ukuthi ukujwayela njalo.

Weeding futhi ukhululeke phakathi kwemigqa

Uma isitshalo sakho sinyene kakhulu, ungakwazi ukunciphisa izithombo endaweni eyi-6-9 cm. Ngemuva kokuthi i-weeding yokuqala iqobe inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa kumele ikhululiwe, ngoba le nqubo iyisihluthulelo sokuthola isivuno esihle. Ukuqhubeka nokukhipha phakathi kwemigqa kwenziwa emva kokunisela, kodwa kuphela okuqhubekayo futhi ngokucophelela, ukuze kungalimazi izimpande zezitshalo ezincane.

Kusukela ngesonto lesibili likaJulayi (kodwa hhayi kamuva), wonke amaqabunga ahlukaniswa kancane ngaphezu kwesiqongo samanga, eshiya kuphela impaphe eluhlaza elula. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla amaqabunga azophinde alulame ngokugcwele, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi azange anconywe ukuba anqunywe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imibhede enezimpaphe ishiywe ukugubha, futhi ukuhlanzwa kwamaqabunga omisiwe kwenziwa ngonyaka wesibili, ngokuzenzekela ngokusiza nge-rake.

Uyazi? Izinhlobo ezingu-228 zama-anyanisi ziyimifino.

Umanyolo

Lapho ukhula u-anyanisi, i-condition mandatory yokukhiqiza okusezingeni eliphezulu yi-application yemifuno (i-organic and mineral) enhlabathini. Kunokuba ukondle u-anyanisi batun, unqume ngesisekelo sesikhathi esithile sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwawo.

Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokukhula, lesi sitshalo sidla izakhi ezivela enhlabathini, kepha uma sitshala lapho sihlwanyela umhlabathi futhi sitshala kahle, umquba omusha usetshenziswa emhlabathini kuphela ngonyaka ozayo.

Isikhathi sokuqala u-anyanisi asetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, besebenzisa ama-fertilizer ajwayelekile (i-mullein ngesilinganiso se-1: 8 noma ukunyanyiswa kwezinyoni ze-bird 1:20), futhi ukondla okulandelayo kuyenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamaminerali amaminerali, ngaphandle kokwenza izingxenye ezine-nitrogen.

Entwasahlobo, kuze kube ngu-15 kg wezinto eziphilayo nge-1mm embhedeni ovame ukufakwa ngaphansi kokumba ngokujulile, kanye no-120 g we-ammonium nitrate noma i-60 g ye-ammonium nitrate, 40 g we-salute potassium kanye no-50 g we-superphosphate.

Ama-fertilizer amaminerali asetshenziswayo ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna. Kulesi simo, uzodinga 50 g we-ammonium nitrate, 3 g we-superphosphate kanye no-20 g we-potassium chloride ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.

Ukuvuna

Isivuno sokuqala se-anyan-batun singavuna emva kwezinsuku ezingu-25-32 emva kokutshala, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-55-65, ukuvunwa kuphindwe, ukusika wonke amahlamvu asele. Eminyakeni elandelayo engu-2-3 kule nqubo, akukho lutho olushintshayo, ngoba ukutshala kwalolu hlobo lwe-anyanisi kululeka kuphela ukuze uthole impaphe eluhlaza.

Ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, izitshalo zikhula kakhulu, futhi uma zifinyelela ekuphakameni kwama-30-35 cm, zingakwazi ukuthola isivuno sazo sokuqala, ukusika impaphe ekuphakameni kwama-5-6 cm ukusuka emhlabathini.

Kubalulekile! Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwezitshalo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ukusika amaqabunga amancane akunakwenzeka, ngoba uhlelo lwempande le-batun anyanisi kufanele lubekwe kahle, oluzosiza ekukhuthazeleleni ubusika obunzima. Ukusika amaqabunga, uzokuphoqa u-anyanisi ukusebenzisa yonke imizamo yabo yokubuyiselwa, ukulimaza ukukhula kwesimiso.
Uma sicabangela ukuthi i-anyan-batun itshalwa kuphela ukuze uthole amaqabunga amancane, ukutshala kumele kuvuselelwe njalo ngonyaka, ukumba izitshalo ezinamandla ezineminyaka emibili nantathu ubudala, okugcina zibe yimishayo emihlanu.

Izifo nezinambuzane ze-anyanisi batun

Izifo eziningi nezinambuzane ze-anyanisi zifana nezinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi i-anyan-batun ngokuvamile ihlushwa izifo ezifanayo njenge-congen anyanisi. Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu izifo ze-fungal, u-anyanisi inundu ne-anyanisi fly. Kodwa-ke, ngokulima okufanele nokuhambisana nazo zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical, akudingekile ukubhekana nalezi zinambuzane.

Isibonelo, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal, kumele:

  • gwema ukondla ngokweqile ensimini (ungagqugquzeli izitshalo uma uchelela);
  • Ungalimazi ukutshala, ugweme ukubunjwa kwamapulangwe angapheli;
  • ngesikhathi esifanele ususe ukhula, ngoba kuzo zonke izifo eziningi ezibuthakathaka.

Phakathi kwezinye izifo, izifo ezingathandeki ezincane ze-anyan-batun yizi:

  • downy isikhutha (kubonakala ngokuqhakaza okubomvu noma amaqabunga amaqabunga emagqabeni), okungalawulwa ngamalungiselelo e-microbiological, i-oxychloride yethusi, i-Bordeaux ingxube ne-sulfate yethusi;
  • ukugqwala (imivimbo ephuzi ephuzi iyabonakala ngokucacile emiphakathini yomnsalo, futhi ekugcineni ithatha uhlobo lwamapayipi);
  • intamo ibolile (kubonakala ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhala sesitshalo esivunyiwe, ngenxa yokuthi imifino iyancipha futhi iphunga elimnandi lingabonakali);
  • smut (kuboniswe ngesikhathi sokugcina isivuno esivunyiwe, lapho kushaywa ama-black phakathi kwama-husks);
  • i-fusarium (ukuthambisa kanye nokubola kwesitshalo ngesikhathi sokugcina isitoreji, ngokubunjwa ngaphansi kwesibambiso sokukhanya kwefungus, esingabonakala phakathi kwama-husk);
  • i-mosaic (isifo segciwane, esivela emaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescences anezinhlanzi ezixubile noma amaqabunga, ngezinye izikhathi amaqabunga agcoba);
  • aspergillosis (noma isikhunta esimnyama) sibonakala ngokucacile esikalini esiphezulu se-bulb futhi ekugcineni sikhombisa ukubola kwemifino enesifo.
Ukuvimbela iningi lezinkinga ezichazwe ngenhla, yonke isivuno kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuyigcina. Futhi, akulimazi kahle ukumisa ama-bulb elangeni.

Ngeke ukwazi ukukhumbula izinambuzane ezikhona ze-anyanisi batun. Lezi zihlanganisa:

  • i-beetle - ithawula izimpaphe zemifino bese ibeka i-larva yayo, idla izicubu ezilula, ngaphakathi kwesitshalo;
  • i-anyan hover - izibungu ezibulala izinambuzane zingene ngaphakathi kwebhulethi bese zibhubhisa, ngenxa yalokho i-anyanisi ethintekile ihamba;
  • umkhawulo wezimpande - Gnaws phansi kwe-bulb bese ungene ngaphakathi, futhi kubangele imifino ibole;
  • Medvedka - Gnaws iziqu kanye nezimpande ikakhulukazi anyanisi abasha, nakuba ayinqikazi futhi izitshalo ezivuthiwe;
  • stem nematode - izimbungu ezincane ezilimaza amaqabunga nama-bulb, ngenxa yokuthi ziyanciphisa, zikhukhume futhi zenzeke;
  • u-anyanisi we-anyanisi - yenza amabala okuthungela amaqabunga, bese ushiya umfutho wayo emithineni yemifino (ngendlela yamachashazi amnyama).
Lahla zonke izinambuzane ezingenhla kuzokusiza ukuthi uphonse izakhi ezikhethekile ezitholakala kalula ezitolo ezikhethekile (isibonelo, Iskra, Fitoferm-M, Karbofos, njll). Futhi, umfutho wesinaphi ojwayelekile, ohlakazekile embhedeni wensimu, usiza ekulwa nezilwanyana ezinambuzane. Iphunga layo lenza izivakashi ezingamenywa zidlule i-anyanisi plantation.

Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa mayelana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, kuhlanganise nokuthengwa kwembewu ephezulu, ukuhambisana nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo nezidingo zobunjiniyela bezolimo.

Ukuphuzwa kweziphuzo zazihluzwa ze-anyanisi eluhlaza batun ebusika

Ngo-Okthoba baqala ukuvuna anyanisi ngonyaka wesithathu wokulima. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amahlumela akhishwa ngokuphelele, futhi amaqabunga anqunywa ku-2/3 ekuphakameni kwawo, emva kwalokho ama-bulb ahlelwe (ama-large specimens agcinwa ngokwehlukana) futhi afakwe ekamelweni elipholile ngezinga lokushisa lika-0 ° C kuze kuJanuwari.

Ngemva kwalokho, zingatshalwa emabhokisini omhlaba ngaphambi kokuphoqelelwa ipeni. Ukujula kokubekwa kwama-bulb kufanele kube ngaphezulu kuka-1-2 cm kunalokho lapho kungena emhlabathini ovulekile.

Kubalulekile! Isikhathi sokuphumula esiyimpoqo se-batun anyanisi kufanele sigcine okungenani amasonto angu-4-6, yingakho esetshalalwa izidakamizwa ngoJanuwari. Ukukhula kokutshala kokuqala kuzoqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ama-anyan-batun angakhula efasiteleni, njengoba kwenziwa ebusika nge-anyanisi. Nokho, kulokhu, akufanele ulindele ukuvunwa okuphezulu kakhulu.