Uma uhlwanyela imbewu yeklabishi izithombo ezikhulayo, sithemba ukuthi isivuno esizayo siyobe siningi futhi sinezinga eliphakeme, kodwa okungafani nakho kungenzeka. Inkinga kaningi ayikho emkhakheni wembewu, kodwa ngokungahambisani nokukhetha okuyinhloko ngokuya ngezimo ezikhulayo kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizobheka indlela yokukhetha imbewu yeklabishi ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo.
Okuhlukahlukene noma hybrid
Izinhlobonhlobo ukukhethwa kweqembu elikhethiwe lezitshalo, imbewu engathengwa esitolo esikhethekile. Imbewu ezitshalweni ezinjalo ingavunwa yedwa, futhi izinga le-fruiting lizohlala lifanayo njalo ngonyaka njengoba kuhlwanyelwe imbewu yokuqala.
Uyazi? Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kweklabishi kungumsebenzi wefilosofi ongumGreki u-Evdem. - "Phatha kwi-Herbs", lapho kuthiwa ngaleso sikhathi kusukela ku-4 kuya ku-3 000 BC. i-er AmaGreki akhula izinhlobo ezintathu zeklabishi.
I-hybrid itholakala ngokuwela izinhlobo eziningana ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okungcono, usayizi omkhulu, ukumelana nokwanda kwezinambuzane nezifo. Akusizi ngalutho ukuqoqa imbewu ezitshalweni ezinjalo ekhaya, njengoba bengakwazi ukukhiqiza - kumele bathengwe ezitolo njalo ngonyaka. 
Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi kokubili ezihlukahlukene kanye ne-hybrid zinamathuba nezinzuzo zabo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba sibhekane nokukhetha ngokuziphendulela.
Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:
- ukungathobeki kwezimo ezikhulayo;
- ukumelana nezinguquko zokushisa;
- intengo ephansi kanye nethuba lokuhlwanyela imbewu yokulima.
Ngama-cons zihlanganisa:
- ukuqhuma kwezifo ezifa;
- ukuphika okuncane emagceni e-fungal and virus;
- ukukhiqiza ukungazinzi;
- ikakhulukazi ama-cabbages awahambisani nokugcina isikhathi eside;
Izinzuzo zezinhlayiyana zihlanganisa:
- isivuno esiphakeme nesisimeme;
- ukumelana okukhulu nezifo nezinambuzane;
- ubungako bekhanda elilingana;
- ukunambitha okuhle kakhulu;
- isikhathi sokugcina ngaphandle kokushintsha ukubonakala nokunambitha.
Ukungahleleki kwenhlanzi kubandakanya:
- ukufuna isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu;
- isidingo sokugqoka njalo (for isivuno eliphezulu isivuno);
- inani eliphakeme kakhulu, kunikezwa ukuthi udinga ukuthenga imbewu njalo ngonyaka.
Uma ukhetha imbewu, kufanele futhi uqondiswe izici zabathengi izimfanelo. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ze-cabbages zifanelekile kakhulu ukulungiswa kwe-salting, kanti ama-hybrids afanele ukugcina isikhathi eside.
Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde ukuthi i-sauerkraut iyasiza yini futhi iyingozi, kanjani uklabishi iklabishi ngokushesha ekhaya, nokuthi ungakwenza kanjani ama-pickle kusuka klabishi ebusika.
Ukubambisana kwesiFunda
Ukuhlukahluka okunye kanye ne-hybrid kudalwe isifunda esithile esikhulayo (noma izifunda eziningana). Iphakheji lembewu iqukethe ulwazi ensimini angatshala kuyo. Uma ungayinaki lesi seluleko, cishe iklabishi ngeke ikhule nezici ezikhonjisiwe. 
Kuye ngesifunda, ukuhluka okufanayo noma iklabishi hybrid kukhula ngendlela ehlukene, kunesikhathi sokuvuthwa okuhlukile, futhi izici zekhwalithi zihlukile, ngakho-ke ukuze uthole umphumela osondelene nesithombe nencazelo ephaketheni, hlola ngokucophelela ukuhlanganiswa kwesifunda sembewu ethengwe.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani izithombo zeklabishi, nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukhule iklabishi ngaphandle kokukhipha.
Uhlobo lomhlabathi
Kanye nesidingo sokukhetha imbewu yokuhlanganiswa kwesifunda, kuyadingeka ukuba ucabange uhlobo lomhlabathi okunconywa ngalo ukutshala imbewu ezuzwe. Lonke ulwazi ngalokhu luboniswa emaphaketheni. Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba sithinta ngokuqondile izinga lokukhula, ubuningi nobukhulu bezinhloko, ukunambitheka kanye nesikhathi sokugcina.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela ubuhle bomhlabathi, ngoba iklabishi ayithandi inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu. Lesi sici asibalulekile futhi sidinga ukungenelela komuntu kuphela ngendlela yokwelashwa okufanele futhi ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ukuze uhlakulele emhlabathini ovulekile futhi uvaliwe futhi kunconywa ukuba ukhethe imbewu efanele. Ngokuvamile abaqeqeshi bezinhloko zokuqala bafanele ukulima ukushisa, futhi ukuvuthwa okuphakathi nokuvuthwa kwesikhathi.
Ubuningi nokuma kwekhanda
Amakhanda we-cabbages ahluke ngobukhulu, ukuma nesisindo, ngokuqondile kuxhomeke kwizinto ezihlukahlukene zeklabishi. Ngokuvamile, iklabishi evuthiwe isisindo esincane esifike ngaphezu kuka 2.5 kg. Izinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi azifani kakhulu ngobukhulu, nakuba isisindo saso sihluka futhi singaba ngu-4 kg, njengoba amaqabunga asondelene kakhulu.
Abaningi bafuna izimpendulo zemibuzo enjalo: indlela yokunakekela iklabishi ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyadingeka yini ukusika amaqabunga eklabishi, yiziphi imithetho eziyisisekelo kanye nemigomo yokuklabishi iklabishi, kanye nendlela yokutshala iklabishi.Kakhulu kunzima iklabishi evuthiwe, ephethe amaqabunga amaningi, ngakho-ke inganquma kusuka ku-2 (amakhanda amancane kakhulu eklabishi) kuya ku-15 kg.
Bahlukanisa amaflethi apulangwe, ajikelezayo, ajikelezayo, ahlangene newama-oval amakhanda. Ukuma kwamakhanda akuthinti ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo noma ubude besitoreji; kuphela isici sezinhlobo ezithile. 
Imigomo yokuvuthwa
Izinhlobo zeklabishi ekuvuthweni zihlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- ukukhula ekuseni
- phakathi nonyaka;
- ukuvuthwa kwelanga
Zijwayele ubuchwepheshe bokulima balolu hlobo lweklabishi: Beijing, broccoli, ukholifulawa, kohlrabi, pak-choi, kale, romanesco, iklabishi ebomvu, i-savoy.
Ama-cabbages avuthiwe asetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo, okungukuthi, kumele badliwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuna. Ama-cabbages anjalo afaneleka ku-vitamin salads - amaqabunga ayenamathenda, alula, ama-cabbages avulekile, anesisindo esincane. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa iklabishi evuthiwe yokuqala cishe izinsuku ezingu-60-80 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala.
Akunakwenzeka ukugcina iklabishi enjalo: ihamba ngokushesha ngenxa yemvelo yenhloko iklabishi, futhi ijwayele ukuqhekeka, okusheshisa kuphela inqubo yokuwohloka. Ukucubungula, ama-cabbages nawo awafanelekile, futhi uma kunesifo sokushisa - iklabishi iyovele iphenduke ibe iphalishi. 
Phakathi kwezihlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala ezivuthiwe ziphuma "Ihektare legolide", "Zora", "Rosava", "Yaroslavna", "Nakhodka"; futhi phakathi kwama-hybrid - "Aladdin F1", "Westri F1", "Delphi F1", "Ukudlulisa F1", "Pharaoh F1", "Express F1".
Imikhakhaji yenkathi ephakathi nendawo ibhekwa njengaphakathi phakathi kwezinhlobo zakudala neziphuzile. Uma siwaqhathanisa nalabo abakuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlukanise isivuno esiphezulu, inhloko yeklabishi yabantu. Inkathi yokukhula nokuvuthwa emva kokusuka kokuqala kunguzinsuku ezingu-85-120.
Inzuzo yeklabishi yasemkhatsini wenkathi yindlela yokuqhutshwa phambili futhi isikhathi eside sokugcina kuqhathaniswa nokuvuthwa kokuqala.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezidumile zezinkathi zonyaka-nyaka ziphuma "Isipho", "Inkazimulo 1305", "Isikhulu", "i-Belarusian 455", "i-Brunswick". Ama-hybrids adumile afaka phakathi "iRindu F1", "Megaton F1", "Menzu F1", "Hannibal F1", "Hermes F1". 
Iklabishi elidliwayo yilezi ezithelo kakhulu. Kubonakala ngokuphakama okukhulu kwamakhanda, amaqabunga amnyama. Izinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi zingasetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokusetshenziswa okusha.
Kubalulekile! Isici seklabishi elivuthiwe yisikhathi esincane kakhulu sokuthola izinto eziyingozi - i-nitrate, ngakho-ke ingadliwa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngempilo.
Iklabishi elidliwayo linesikhathi eside sokuvuthwa - cishe izinsuku ezingu-150. Ngokuvamile le nkathi iwela ekwindla sekwephuzile. Iklabishi enjalo igcinwa kahle kakhulu isikhathi eside. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezilungile, isikhathi singaba izinyanga ezingu-9.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithandwayo kakhulu zokuvuthwa kokuphumula ziphuma "Kamenka", "I-Turquoise Plus", "Khalif", "I-Sugar Loaf", "i-Snow White"; ama-hybrid ahlanganisa i-Aros F1, i-Atria F1, i-Bartolo F1, i-Extra F1, i-Lennox F1.
Ukukhiqiza izinhlobo
Ukukhiqiza - isici esibalulekile ekukhetheni imbewu yeklabishi. Ababelethi bebelokhu befuna ukuletha izinhlobo ezikhiqizayo kakhulu, ngakho-ke zonke zazo zinamanani aphezulu, okuyinto lapho kuthengwa ukwanda kwe-hybrid ngisho nangaphezulu. 
Yiqiniso, isivuno esifunayo singatholakala kuphela uma kunakekelwa njalo futhi kufanelekile kwezitshalo: okudingekayo njalo ukusetshenziswa kwesimanyolo kanye nokugqoka, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwimifino.
Isivuno sesilinganiso seklabishi kusuka kumamitha ayi-square square. amamitha:
- ukukhula kokuqala - 400 kg (isivuno esikhulu semifino - "Dumas F1", "Tobia F1"; ezihlukahlukene "Juni");
- isikhathi sonyaka - 600 kg (izinhlobo ezivuthiwe kakhulu - "Inkazimulo 1305", "Dobrovodskaya", "Gift", "Merchant"; ama-hybrids - "Atria F1", "Midor F1", "Megaton F1");
Uyazi? Iklabishi ingokwesitshalo esingenabanda, okwenza sikwazi ukukhula ngisho nangaphandle kwe-Arctic Circle.
- ukuvuthwa kwekwephuzile - 900 kg (isivuno esikhulu semifino - "Aggressor F1", "Amager F1", "Valentine F1", "Kolobok F1"; ngezinhlobonhlobo - "Mara", "I-Snow White").
Kubalulekile! Uma ukhetha inzalo, unakekele emaphaketheni: kufanele iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizo, ngenxa yokuthi uzokhetha imbewu edingekayo.
Ukuphikiswa kwamafutha
Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, bazama ukumelana nokuncintisana okuncane nokushisa kwamazinga okushisa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo zibhekwa njengezivimbela amakhaza ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokungafani nenhlamvu, ngakho-ke, cabanga ngalesi sici lapho ukhetha imbewu.
Ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa kwanda kuye ngesigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo. Amaqabunga ama-klabishi ayenazwela kakhulu kuma frosts futhi azofa ngo -3 ° C.
Ngakho-ke, uma uthola inzalo, ephaketheni lapho kuboniswa khona ukuthi isitshalo singakwazi ukumelana namaqhwa kuze kufike ku -7 ° C, lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-cabbages asekhulile kakade avuthiwe angadlulela ekwindla emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izimbambo eziseduze zingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afana no -10 ° C, futhi ukugibela phakathi kwe-5 ° C. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-klabishi ezinamakhaza afaka phakathi "Ubusika 1474", "Geneva", "Aros". Ama-hybrid awabheki njengamelana namazinga okushisa aphansi. 
Ukuqhekeka
Ngokuvamile ama-cabbages aqhekekile ngaphambi kokuvuthwa, okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokugcina, njengoba isikhunta kanye namagciwane ngokushesha zikhula emvelweni omanzi. Ukuvimbela isimo esinjalo ukuba singenzeki, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo eziphikisana nokuqhekeka ezakhiwe.
Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi izinhloko zokuvuthwa zakuqala zivame ukubhekana nale nkinga, uma okungenani kuphuzile kancane nokuvuna.
Imikhakhage yamaphakathi nonyaka ayinakukwazi ukuphazamiseka: phakathi kwezinhlobo eziphikisana kakhulu ukuhlukanisa "Elenovskuyu", "Capital". Izinhlamvu eziphikisanayo - "I-Satellite F1", "Hinova F1", "Parel F1".
Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana, uma ubona isikhathi sokuvuna esinconywe, kubhekwa njengento ephikisana kakhulu nokuqhekeka. Isitebe esiphezulu kunazo zonke zihlanganisa izinhlobo "Isipho", "Rusinovka", ama-hybrid "Bingo F1", "Galaxy F1", "Tranz F1". 
Ukuthutha
Ukuthuthwa kwezokuthutha kuyimfuneko ebalulekile yokukhetha imbewu, ikakhulukazi uma ihlelwe ukukhula iklabishi ukudayiswa, noma i-cottage enensimu isanele kakhulu, ngoba iklabishi kumele ithunyelwe emva kokuvuna. Ukuhamba kahle okungcono kunazo zonke ezinamakhopho asephuzile; ukuvuthwa okuhle-okuphakathi; ukuvuthwa okubi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezinezibonakaliso ezinhle kakhulu ezizicatshangelwe zibandakanya "i-Stone Head", "Isipho", "i-Yaroslavna", "iTyurix", i- "Kharkiv Winter", "i-Snow White", i- "Belorusskaya 455", "i-Biryuzu". Izinhlamvu ezihamba kahle zihlanganisa "i-Atria F1", "Latima F1", "Dawn F1", "Ukudlulisa F1", "Kazachok F1".
Isikhathi sokugcina
Ukuphila kwekhafu lokugcoba kuncike ekutheni izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlamvu zinekhwalithi enhle yokugcina. Izinhloko ezinezikhathi eside zokugcina ziyanamanzi amancane, ziqukethe i-fiber eminingi, imifudlana enesisindo futhi emikhulu. Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kwesikhathi esiningi zivame ukuba nezici ezinjalo. 
Futhi, impilo yesheluli ixhomeke ezimweni ezikhulayo, isivuno esifike ngesikhathi kanye nezimo lapho izitshalo zizogcinwa khona. Iklabishi yokuvuthwa yokuqala ayilondolozwe izinyanga ezingaphezu kwenyanga, ngakho-ke umholi akakwazi ukuhlukaniswa.
Izakhamuzi zasemaphakathi-konyaka zingapheli izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-4: "Inhloko ye-sugar", "Gift", "Nadezhda", "Belorusskaya 455" ingathunyelwa ezinhlobonhlobo ngekhwalithi yokugcina engcono kakhulu; ezinhlobonhlobo - "Krautman F1", "Tobia F1", "Hermes F1". 
Izimbambo zokugcina zigcinwe isikhathi eside - kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-9. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zingabhekwa kubo: I-Moscow ngasekupheleni kuka-15, i-Wintering 1474, i- Amager 611, i-Geneva, i-Amager, i-Krümon, ne-Turkiz. Ama-hybri ane-shelf yokuphila: "I-Prestige F1", "Atria F1", "Aros F1", "F1 Extra", "Lennox F1". 
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Njengoba wazi, iklabishi ivame ukuvezwa izifo nezinambuzane ezibangela ukubola, ukuchoboza, ukubunjwa kwamakhanda.
Phakathi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu:
- ukubola okumile;
- i-bacteriosis ye-mucous;
- i-bacteriosis ye-vascular;
- Alternaria;
- i-botritis;
- i-kela;
- i-rhizoctoniosis;
Kuzokusiza ukuthi ufunde ngendlela yokuphatha nokuvimbela izifo zeklabishi.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukhetha imbewu, unake ulwazi olwenziwe ngokumelene nezimo ezihlukahlukene noma izibambiso ezifweni ezingenhla nezinambuzane.
Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zeklabishi zihlanganisa:
- iklabishi fly;
- iklabishi aphid;
- iklabishi isobho;
- Medvedka;
Ngenxa yokukhethwa nokuzaliswa kwezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ezintsha, okusha, okunamelana nezifo nezinambuzane ezidalwa izinambuzane kwakhiwe, okuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lesitshalo nesikhathi sokugcina kuso.
Phakathi kwama-hybrid azinzile kakhulu "i-Kolobok F1", "Kazachok F1", "Tobia F1", "Inkazimulo 1305", "Atria F1", "Krautman F1", "Megaton F1". Izinhlobo eziphikisayo zifaka phakathi "Umhwebi", "Snow White", "Dobrovodskaya", "Gift".
Isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi
Amadokhumenti aqinisekisa izinga lembewu kumele abe esitolo lapho athengiswa khona. 
Ngokwezinye izimo noma i-hybrid inesitifiketi sayo sekhwalithi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi le nzalo iye yakhiqizwa ngokuzihlukanisa kahle ngokugcina ukuhlanzeka okuhlukahlukene nokuhlukahluka kwezimila zezitshalo, futhi ihlolwe futhi ihlangabezana nazo zonke izici ezihlukahlukene ezichazwe.
Thenga kuphela izimpahla eziqinisekisiwe - lokhu kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke uthengiswe izinhlobo noma izinhlamvu ezintsha "ezintsha." Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha imbewu yeklabishi kuyadingeka njengokwethenjelwa ngangokunokwenzeka uma uhlela ukuthola isivuno esikhulu, esiphakeme, esizogcinwa isikhathi eside.
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi inqubo yokukhetha izinto zembewu iyashesha futhi iphumelele, qaphela ukukhetha okuyinhloko, okuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.
