Engadini yakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ube nama-apula wezikhathi zokuvuthwa ezahlukene ukuze udla izithelo ezintsha unyaka wonke.
Namuhla sibheke ngokucophelela ekukhanyeni kwezinhlobonhlobo zekwindla yezihlahla ze-apula, izici zazo, izinzuzo nezinkinga.
Qaphela izidingo eziyisisekelo zokunakekela lolu hlobo lwemithi ikakhulukazi ukutshala izithombo.
Izinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke zezihlahla ze-autumn apula
Izinhlobo ze-apula ze-autumn ziyahlukahluka ukunambitheka okhethekile futhi ngokwanele isikhathi sokugcina eside izithelo. Ikakhulukazi, ama-apula avuthwe ukuqala maphakathi nango-Septhemba.
Izithelo Kunconywa ukuzidubula emthiningaphandle kokulinda ukuba bawe. Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwama-apula kuza kuphela izinsuku ezingu-15 emva kokukhishwa kwabo esihlahleni. Izithelo ze-apula izinhlobo ze-autumn zigcinwa kuze kuqale ngoJanuwari.
I-Macintosh apula ehlukahlukene
Naphezu kokuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo, zenziwe eCanada, ngokomlando kusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika, ezindaweni ezihlala eningizimu ye-Ukraine naseRussia, izithelo zawo zivuthwe ekuqaleni kuka-September. Manje sibheke incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apple "Mac".
Ngokwesayizi ama-apula angaphezu kwesilinganiso noma isilinganiso. Engxenyeni engenhla yesithelo sinamandla, futhi ingxenye engezansi ihlukaniswe ngokuthi "tincetu". I-peel ye-apula ibushelelezi, ehlanganiswe nengqimba encane yezingubo ze-wax, kunalokho ilukhuni esakhiweni, ekwazi ukuhlukanisa kalula kusuka ku-pulp. Umbala oyinhloko ubomvu ophuzi, ngezinye izikhathi ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iningi lezithelo lihlanganiswe nesembozo semivimbo emnyama ebomvu esizindeni esibomvu.
Umbala we-Pulp apula evuthiwe mhlophe, izici ezibomvu zosizi zivela ngezinye izikhathi. Uhlukana no-juiciness kanye nesisa somusa, okuyinto enhle futhi enomuncu. Futhi, ukunambitheka kunesici se-candy yesici. Inani le-ascorbic acid, elifakwe ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali we-pulp, liyi-3.8 mg / 100 amagremu.
Umuthi ungowokuzikhandla. Amagatsha asegatsha, i-squelette, eyakha umqhele omncane kodwa ohlakazekile. Isihlahla sibonakala uhlobo oluxubene lwe-fruiting.
Izinhlobo ze-Macintosh zilungile ukukhula ukudayiswa. Ngempela, izinzuzo zabo eziyinhloko zikhona ukubukeka okukhulu futhi ehlukile ukunambitha ngubani onjengeziningi.
Futhi, izithelo ezivuthiwe ngaphandle kobunzima ingaqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ama-apula ahambisana nokuhamba. Ukuvunwa okuphezulu kwi-clonal rootstocks.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile isivuno izinhlobo eziwanele phezuluKodwa-ke, uma umuthi wakho uhlanganiswa esitokisini sezinhlanzi, ubeka ingozi yokungahambisani kwezitshalo. Futhi, kukhona ingozi yokulahlekelwa isitshalo uma ingavunwa esihlahleni ngesikhathi: ama-apula ngokwawo ayowa, futhi ngesikhathi sezulu bangase bavame kusuka emswakeni ophezulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kahle namazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nezifo (ngokuvamile ezithintekayo).
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-Apple "i-Pepin Saffron"
Lokhu kuhlukahluka nakho kungabizwa ngokuthi ubusika. Ama-apula "I-Pepin Saffron" uvuthwe kuphela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Kodwa zonke izihlukahlukene zivame kakhulu eRussia, e-Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe anesifundazwe esifanayo. "I-Pepin Saffron" yimbangela yokuwela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene "Renet Orleans" ngezinhlobo ze-hybrid "Pepinka Lithuanian" no "Kitayka".
Izithelo ziphakathi noma cha nakakhulu. Izithelo i-symmetrical shapeehambisanayo. Ngezinye izithelo, ukukhwabanisa kancane kungabonakala. Ikhasi libushelelezi, kepha isifo sofuba singase senzeke eduze kwe-calyx.
Eyaziwa ngamaphuzu angaphansi, okuyi-apula amaningi kakhulu kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Umbala wesithelo une-hue eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala oyinhloko ubhekwe "obomvu" obomvu obomvu obomvu obunomthunzi.
Umbala we-pulp - ukhilimu. Ngokwakhiwa, kukhulu kakhulu futhi kunamanzi. Ukudla okubonakala ngokuthi iwayini elimnandi ngephunga elikhethekile elimnandi. Okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid ku-pulp kungu-14.2 mg ngamagremu angu-100 we-pulp.
Manje incazelo ye-apula "I-Pepin Saffron"
Isihlahla srednerosly. Ngaphandle kwesimo somqhele somuthi omncane, singabizwa ngokuthi sihlangene, kodwa lapho kuqala ukuvuthwa okukhulu, amagatsha ahla, okwenza kube lula. I-Krone kakhulu kakhulu obukhulungakho-ke kudinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela nokunciphisa njalo. Amahlumela okukhula akhiqiza emthini wePepin Saffron.
Izithelo Kuthuswe ngokufaneleka kwayo okuhamba phambili. Impilo yesheluli yenza cishe izinsuku ezingu-223okwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa izithelo zabo ngisho nangomhla kaFebhuwari noMashi, okungukuthi, izinyanga ezingu-5-6 emva kokuphuka emthini.
Zingasetshenziselwa ukudayiswa (umbala okhangayo), kanye nokusetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe, ukulondolozwa kwezindlu kwezinhlobo ezahlukene. Ukunambitheka okhethekile kuwuhlobo oluhlukile lwezithelo "I-Pepin Saffron."
Isihlahla siyashesha - Izivuno zingavunwa eminyakeni engama-5-6 emva kokutshala imbewu. Ukuvuna kuvamile futhi kuningi kakhulu. Ezihlukahlukene ezizimele. Unomthamo ophezulu wokuvuselela, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izihlahla njalo ngonyaka.
Kodwa kukhona ukwehla. Isihlahla ngokuqinile udinga ukunakekelwa, ikakhulukazi ekutsheni izihlahla, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo izithelo zincane kakhulu, umkhiqizo jikelele wehla. Izithelo namahlamvu ebangeni elithi "Pepin Saffron" ukujwayele ukutheleleka kwezifunganeNgokuyinhloko isikhumba. Ingozi yi-apple moth. Ukuphikisana namazinga okushisa aphansi kuyinto evamile. Izithelo zivame ukwehla.
Apple ezihlukahlukene "Pepinka Lithuanian"
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kunamagama amaningi, okuphakathi kwawo okuyi "Glogerovka", nje "Pepinka", "Sarepka" ne "Pepin Lithuanian". Kungumphumela wokhetho lomuntu, kunguMvelaphi weBaltic. Naphezu kwekutsi ayinayo ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu emadijini asezimboni, iyakuthandwa kakhulu ngabantu.
Ubukhulu besithelo buyisilinganisoyehla ngokuvunwa okwandayo. Ukubunjwa komgqomo, okuncane kakhulu. Ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu be-apole avuthiwe phakathi kwesithelo. Ukugubha akuvamile. Umbala ulula ophuziNgezinye izikhathi kungase kube utshani obumhlophe. Vala ngefomu elithi "blush", umbala we-pink ne-carmine, okufakiwe.
Pulp ezithelo ezivuthiwe mhlophe. Iqukethe ujusi oluningi, isakhiwo sihle kahle. Ukudla kunomusa, kumnandi.. Ukunambitha kuhlonishwa kakhulu ochwepheshe, futhi ngenxa yephunga elikhethekile lama-apula.
Umuthi ungowokuphakathi. Ikhula ngokushesha futhi ingene fruiting. Isihlalo sobukhosi sinzima kakhulu. Amagatsha awela phansi, ahlale egcwele. Isici esihlukile somuthi singabizwa ngokuthi ukuhlushwa nokuxoshwa kwamagatsha amacembe kanye nabaqhubi.
Izinhlobo zekhwalithi ezibalulekile ziyi usayizi omncane wesihlahla. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukunakekelwa kwakhe nokuqoqwa kwezithelo akuseyona umsebenzi omkhulu. Ezihlukahlukene yi-skoroplodny, isivuno esikhulu singanikeza ngisho nangesikhathi esincane. Inzuzo yizimfanelo eziphakeme kakhulu zama-apula. Kuncike ekusetshenzisweni njengendlela encishisiwe ifomu, futhi ngendlela yamajusi, izithelo ezomisiwe, ifomu elihlutshiwe.
Ukuphila kweShelf kude, kuze kuJanuwari.
Ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwesihlahla kuyinto yayo ukumelana okuphansi kwamaqhwa ebusika kanye nezifo (isikhumba). Izithelo azilutho ngokwanele, azibonisi ukuthengiswa. Ukuhluma nokukhula komuthi kungase kube yinto engavamile.
Ama-apula e-Grade "Inkazimulo Kwabalandeli"
Olunye uhlobo lwekwindla, okuwumphumela wokukhethwa kososayensi base-Ukraine. Abazali bakhe yizinhlobonhlobo zePapirovka kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-Macintosh okukhulunywe ngenhla.
Masibuyele ekuchazeni izithelo ze-apula.
Ubukhulu izithelo zingaba zinkulu (kuze kube ngu-150 amagremu) futhi isilinganiso - kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu zangaphandle zonyaka wamanje. Futhi, umphumela omuhle ngobukhulu bezithelo uthinta inhlabathi ekhonjiwe kanye nesimo esihle somswakama nomoya.
Ifomu Ama-apula avuthiwe i-oblong-round. Ezinye izithelo zingase zibe nomqondo obuthakathaka, ngokubamba kancane. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, sine-wax yokugqoka. Efaniswa nenani elikhulu lamaphuzu angaphansi.
Umbala wezithelo ezivuthiwe uhlaza okuluhlaza. Umbala wokumboza uhlanganisa cishe zonke izithelo, okufiphele, i-red hue.
Pulp izithelo umbala omhlophe nge touch of ukhilimu. Ukudla kakhulu kakhulu ngoba izithelo i-juiciness, ububele nokunambitheka okumnandi okomnandi.
Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali wesithelo kucebile kakhulu kucebile amavithamini azuzisayo. Inani le-ascorbic acid lingu-8 mg ngamagremu angu-100 we-pulp.
I-apula ekhulayo eqinile yezinhlobonhlobo ze- "Glory to the Victors" inezinhlobo eziningi umumo obanzi umqhele. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala futhi ukwanda komkhiqizo, ifomu liba kakhulu. Amagatsha asuka e-trunk ngeso lengqondo, kodwa emva kwesikhathi ahamba kancane kancane.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezizwakalayo nokuvuna kwenhlabathi, ngisho nezinkuni ezineminyaka emibili zingangena fruiting, kodwa ubudala kubhekwa ukuthi kuvamile ukuba leli klasi libe iminyaka engu-4-5.
Hlunga kakhulu kakhulu ukuvinjelwa okuqhathanisayo nokweqhwa. Ikhwalithi yokunambitheka nokubukeka kwesithelo kuphezulu (ukuthengiswa kuya ku-90%). Izithelo zingavuthwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kukaSeptemba. Ama-apula awawa ngisho nasekuvuthweni kwabo. Ukuphikisana nesikalwe. Izithelo kalula zithwala ukuhamba.
Hlunga nesomiso esingabekezelelwe kahlelokho isivuno sibhekene nakho, izithelo ziyancipha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukushiya ngokucophelela nangokujwayelekile, ukucindezeleka kwekhrone. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala nokunciphisa inhlabathi yokuzala, i-fruiting ingaba yinto engavamile.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "Welsey"
Umama walezi zihlukahlukene ngumuthi wase-Siberia wase-apula-cherry. Yadalwa ngabososayensi baseMelika. Izinhlobonhlobo zihluma kalula futhi kahle iveza izithelo ngisho nasenyakatho yeRussia.
Masibuyele ekuchazeni izithelo ze-apula.
Izithelo zivuthiwe maphakathi no-September. Usayizi wabo uvame ukulinganisa, ngesimo bafana ne-turnip kancane. Isikhumba sihamba kahle, sinombalo omkhulu wamaphuzu angaphansi. Umbala wezithelo ezivuthiwe uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uthola i-hue yegolide. Isembozo sibomvu esingcolile ngemivimbo emnyama ebomvu.
Umbala omhlophe noma omhlophe we-pulp ohlanganiswe nemifino ebomvu. Nambitha okumnandi nomuncuIqukethe iphunga elimnandi elimnandi. Noma kunjalo, ikhwalithi yokunambitheka ngokuqondile ixhomeke esimweni esihle sezulu kanye nenhlabathi yokuzala.
I-pulp ngamagremu angu-100 aqukethe u-10.2 mg we-ascorbic acid.
Apple Tree "Welsey": incazelo ehlukahlukene
Phakathi isihlahla esinomqhele omkhulu. Lapho kuqala u-fruiting, umqhele ugobile. Amagatsha asuka esihlahleni kuze kube phezulu, kodwa ukuphela kunciphisa kancane. Izithelo eziningi zingabangela ukwephula ngisho namagatsha amakhulu kakhulu. Umuthi wezithelo kuhlobo oluxubekile.
Ibanga kakhulu ngokushesha usuke usebenza kahle (Iminyaka 4-5). Isivuno (kufika ku-275 kg esihlahleni esisodwa) nokuphikisana nezifo ze-fungal ziphakeme. Ezihlukile kahle ukunambitheka, izithelo zisetshenziselwa kokubili fresh kanye namafomu.
Izinhlobonhlobo akuzona ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngaphambi kokuqala ebusika. Kusukela kokuningi kwezitshalo kwalahlekelwa isisindo nobukhulu bezithelo. Ukuncika kuncike ezimweni zangaphandle ezihle.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda mayelana nokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ze-apula.
Indlela yokunakekela izinhlobo ze-autumn zezihlahla ze-apula?
Ukunakekela kahle: ukusika izihlahla
Ukudubula izinhlobo ze-autumn apula kufanele kube njalo. Izithombo ezincane zifinyezwe ngamasentimitha angama-40. Kubalulekile ukusika lawo magatsha azophazamisa noma angene emncintiswaneni nomqhubi. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kahle komqhele, kubalulekile ukusika lezo magatsha ezikhula ngaphakathi.
Izici zomanyolo
Eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhula, ukusikwa kwesinkwa kubangelwa izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene futhi kudinga umanyolo we-nitrogen. Umthamo kumele ube ngu-50 kg womanyolo ngehektare elilodwa. Ingxenye yalesi sifo inikezwa ngaphambi kokuchichima, okwesibili - amasonto amabili emva kwalokho.
Ukuchelela okubalulekile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvuneni okuhle.
Isidingo sokuthambisa sisetshenzisiwe kuphela emva kokutshala. Futhi, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe emithini yemithi, ngoba izimpande zawo ziseduze nomhlabathi futhi zingeke zifinyelele emanzini emhlabathini ngokwawo.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izihlahla ze-apula zithanda inhlabathi ngemithombo emihle, ngakho-ke izihlahla azidingi ukuba ziphuze, kodwa kunalokho ukuguqula amanzi kube yizihlahla ezimbi.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni eyomile kuyadingeka ukuwazisa kahle umuthi, uthele amanzi emanzini akhethekile azungeze isihlahla somuthi. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama ungakwazi beka peat noma humus phezulu.
Indlela yokunakekela isihlahla ebusika
Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-apula ziphikisana nesithwathwa, kodwa ukuqapha ngokweqile akulimazi. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwebanda, isihlahla somuthi kufanele sihlanganiswe ne-peat kanye ne-humus.
Uhlaka kumele lube lukhuni ngokwanele ukuvimbela inhlabathi ekuqhenqeni ezungeze isihlahla. Ebusika, ngeqhwa eliqine, iqhwa lihlanganiswe nhlangothizane eliseduze. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuqala umquba, umuntu kufanele aqiniseke ukuthi ayikho iqhwa eliqhwa phezulu, elizovimbela ukugeleza kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni.
Landela ngokucophelela izithombo zasebusika. Kufanele ziboshwe ezigxotsheni ezikhethekile, ezizozivikela eziphefumulweni zeqhwa.
Ebusika, izihlahla ze-apula zingaba yisisulu sezinduna nezinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene, ngakho-ke I-trunk inconywa ukuba ihlanganiswe ne-fir grove emagatsheni aphansi.
Izitshalo ze-Apple Autumn
Khetha isikhathi esifanele
Okuhle kakhulu isikhathi sokutshala izithombo apple ekwindla ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukucabangela izimo zezulu zonyaka, futhi utshale umuthi amasonto amabili ngaphambi kweqhwa.
Lokhu kudingekile ukuze umuthi ungaqali ukuvuselela futhi ukhule ngaphambili, ngoba kulokhu kungabonakaliswa kalula yiqhwa. Uma ufuna ukutshala izihlahla ze-apula entwasahlobo - linda cishe isigamu sesonto emva kokuba umhlabathi ususwe ngokuphelele efrijini.
Yiziphi izidingo zomhlabathi?
Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yezihlahla ze-apula ihamba nge-humus eningi.
Futhi, izihlahla zama-apula zifuna kakhulu umswakama wenhlabathi futhi zamesaba amazinga aphezulu amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuze ukhule umuthi omuhle ocebile esihlabathini kanye nomhlabathi obunobumba obunobumba kumele kusebenze kanzima kumanyolo wabo.
Siqhubeka ngokuqondile ukufika
Ibhukimakhi ibhulogi izoba nomona wokuthi isayizi sinomuthi. Uma kungaphakathi, khona-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla zomugqa owodwa kufanele libe okungenani ngamamitha amabili, futhi libe linde kakhulu - cishe ngo-3.5. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe ngamamitha angaba ngu-4-4.5 kokubili izihlahla ezide nezindebe.
Emgodini, ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukwenza ingxube ye-topsoil nama-fertilizer (peat, superphosphates). Ukunciphisa insimu emgodini kufanele ucabangele ngokuqhubekayo komhlaba, ngakho-ke indawo ye-inoculation kufanele ibe sezingeni lamasentimitha angu-10 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Izwe kufanele livalwe kahle.
Ngokuqondile emva kokutshala lesihlahla kudinga ukuchelela. Inani eliphelele lamanzi yokunisela zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula yi-20-30 amalitha. Ukunisela kuphindwe izikhathi eziningana emva kokutshala.
