I-Solanum noma i-nightshade iyisitshalo esidumile sehlobiso, esibonakalayo amajikijolo ayo amancane. Ihambelana kahle nezimo zasekhaya, ngakho-ke ngisho nomlimi ongenamakhono ongenamakhono angakhula. Ake sithole ukuthi singakwenza kanjani lokhu nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame.
Incazelo
I-Solanum imelela uhlobo lwezitshalo zeSananum yomndeni, i-shrub engapheli yeminyaka eminingi, emvelweni ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-30-180. Endaweni yasendlini ikhula ibe ngu-60 cm.
Uyazi? Ama-stems namaqabunga e-Solanum anomphumela wokubulala izinambuzane, ahlanzwa nge-decoction yezitshalo ukulwa nezimbungu nezimpungushe ezihlukahlukene (5-6 kg wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezintsha zebhakede elilodwa lamanzi).
Iqukethe iziqu ezinde, eziqhamukayo, amaqabunga e-ovoid ahlukanisiwe, izimbali ezivamile zobulili obufanayo nezikhathi eziphindwe kabili. Lesi sitshalo sinama-stamens amahlanu futhi enye i-pistil, i-anthers encane ikhula ibe yikhubhu eline-cone emayelana nokuthunyelwe. I-Solanum blooms kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti.Isithelo se-nightshade yi-ellipsoidal brilliant hanging berry kuze kufike ku-1 cm ubude. Uma sesivuthiwe, izithelo zohlaza ziphuzi, ziluhlaza futhi zibomvu. Uma i-berry inambitha, khona-ke okokuqala ukunambitheka okumnandi kuyabonakala, bese kuba okubabayo. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukungenzi lokhu, ngoba izithelo ze-nightshade zinobuthi.
Emvelweni, i-Solanum isatshalaliswa emazingeni aphansi nama-subtropics. Ikhula ngokujulile emabhange emzimbeni wamanzi, emahlathini asehlathini nasezindlini ezimanzi.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
U-Nightshade uqinisile futhi unesizotha, ukumnakekela akuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Kwanele ukudala izimo ezifanele zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa, hhayi ukukhohlwa ngokuphuza nokudla.
Funda ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-crossbreed, i-ficus-lyric, i-avocado, i-nematantus, i-radermahera, i-torenii, i-ktenanta, i -fefe, i-gloriosa.
Ukukhanyisa
I-Solanum ilula kakhulu-edinga, kodwa ikhetha ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, futhi ilanga eliqondile lingaba yingozi kuye. Kungcono ukubeka i-nightshade eduze namafasitela asempumalanga nasentshonalanga. Uma ubeka i-solanum enhlangothini yaseningizimu, bese uhamba emini (12: 00 -17: 00) udinga ukukhumbula ukuthulisa kancane iwindi. Ohlangothini olusenyakatho kungcono ukungalimi.
Uma kunokwenzeka ehlobo udinga ukuthatha i-Solanum emoyeni ovulekile, ungakhohlwa ukuyivikela ilanga, umoya nemvula eqinile. Ukuthi "ukuhamba" okunjalo kuzomele kuqinise isitshalo futhi kwenze kube ngcono.
I-Zhiryanka, hatiora, i-saline, i-ciperus, i-stapelia, i-nephrolepis, i-coleus, i-sheflera, i-clerk, i-abutilon, i-havortia, i- polypodium, i-croton, i-humansrium.
Ukushisa
Izithelo ze-Solanum ezingcono kunabo bonke ekushiseni okungaphezulu kuka-18 ° C. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa elisezingeni elihle ekamelweni lapho isitshalo sitholakala khona libhekwa njenge-18 ... + 25 ° С, futhi ebusika - + 15 ... + 18 ° С. Uma kusenkathi ebandayo ukushiya ehlathini endaweni yokushisa ephakeme, lokhu kungabangela ukuphuza kwamaqabunga nokuwa kwesithelo.
Umhlaba
Ukuze ukutshalwa kwe-Solanum kusetshenziswe i-substrate ngokuphefumula okukhulu. Kumele kube ukuqala kokulondoloza umswakama nge-aeration enhle kanye ne-pH medium engekho hlangana no-5.5 kuya ku-7.5. Umhlabathi ohlanganisa ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi, izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat noma i-humus kanye nengxenye eyodwa yomhlaba we-sod ufanelwe kahle amahlumela amancane.
Ukunisela
Esikhathini esifudumele (kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSeptember) kufanele sinikezwe ukuchelela nsuku zonke okuningi I-Solanum. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ebhodweni phakathi kwamanzi amabili kufanele kube nesikhathi sokuma kancane. Phakathi nonyaka wonke, i-Nightshade idinga ukuphuza kancane, ingancipha kancane kancane ngesonto.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi esibandayo isihlahla sasisendlini epholile futhi ekhanyayo enomswakama ophezulu. Njengoba kufika amahlumela amasha (cishe ngoFebruwari), inani lokuchelela kufanele landa.
Kubalulekile! Sicela uqaphele ukuthi i-solanum idinga umoya omusha, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uyesaba ama-drafts. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uvuselele igumbi, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebandayo, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu.
Umswakama
I-solanum ye-Fruiting incike kakhulu emswakama ekamelweni. Umswakama ophakanyisiwe kufanele ube ngu-65%, futhi amaqabunga kufanele aphucwe nsuku zonke. Ukwakha izinga elidingekayo lomswakama, ungabeka ibhodlela le-solanum epanini lamanzi agcwele udaka, amatshe amancane, namatshe amancane anwetshiwe, kodwa phansi kwebhodlela akufanele kuthinte amanzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, i-nightshade idinga ukondla okwengeziwe. Uma ingeniswa, izokhula kancane futhi ibe nezithelo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi efudumele, Kusukela ngoMeyi, kanye phakathi kwamabili amabili noma amabili, umquba wamanzi uyengezwa ebhodweni le-solanum. Utamatisi nezitshalo zezimbali ezifana ne-Ideal noma i-Rainbow zifanelwe kahle ngale njongo.
Ukufaka umanyolo izitshalo ungasebenzisa imifino eyinkimbinkimbi "Crystal", "Mortar", "Kemira", "Master", "Tsitovit".
Ukudubula
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula umqhele we-nightshade ukhiwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusika amahlumela okwehliswayo ngesikhathi, lapho baqala ukubandakanya ezinyangeni ezi-3-6 emva kokutshala. Izihlahla ezisemqoka zihlanganisa ukunamathisela wonke amagatsha asetshenzisiwe ezingeni le-buddha yesibili. Lesi sitshalo siphinde sanyiswe lapho amagatsha ase-lateral afinyelela ku-10 cm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, anciphisa izinga lapho kuneziqu ezimbili.
Ngemva kokuvuthwa kwazo zonke amajikijolo, lapho amaqabunga e-nightshade eqala ukuphenduka, ukusika izihlahla ezihlaziyiweyo okucishe kube yingxenye yesithathu yokuphakama kwezitshalo kwenziwa. Futhi entwasahlobo isihlahla sinqunywe ukuze ifomu elidingekile liphume.
Ukufakelwa
Ngemuva kokuthela izihlahla, i-solanum ifakwe ebhodweni ngenhlanganisela yesinye isihlabathi, izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat noma i-humus nezingxenye ezimbili ze-turf. Ngaphansi kwebhodlela kufanele kufakwe amanzi, ukuze uhlelo lwempande le-nightshade lungabhubhi.
Ukuzala
Ekhaya, i-nightshade ikhula nge-cuttings kanye nembewu, futhi iqala ukuthela izithelo ngesikhathi esincane.
Funda ngamanye amalungu omndeni wakwa-nightshade, kanye nightshade omnyama ewusizo.
Cuttings
Ukunqunywa kukhethwe emagatsheni anqunyiwe angaphezu kuka-10 cm ubude kanti ingxenye eyodwa yesithathu ubude igxila emanzini afudumele ne-Kornevin biostimulator. Ngemuva kokuthi izimpande zivele (cishe amasonto amabili), isiqu sitshalwe emhlabathini. Ukuze uhlakulele ngenkuthalo i-Solanum, ungakwazi ukumboza ibhodlela ngejubane elikhulu elingilazi, ukhiqize umphumela we-greenhouse.
Lapho i-nightshade ifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-cm 15, ukuqubuzela kwenziwa. Ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Solanum, kunqunywa izikhathi eziningana ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlobo.
Imbewu
Imbewu itshalwe phakathi noFebruwari emhlabathini wokutshala utamatisi kanye nepelepele. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nezingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba we-sod kanye nengxenye eyodwa ye-peat noma i-humus. Uma kunesidingo, ungangezela amaminerali ezinkimbinkimbi kuwo.
Imbewu itshalwe ukujula okungaba ngu-5 mm, izitshalo zihluma emavikini angu-3-4. I-dive yenziwa emva kokuvela kwamacembe amabili okuqala, kanye namazwe ase-solanum endaweni engapheli ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme ubuthi nge-solanine enobuthi equkethwe ezinxenyeni ze-nightshade, yonke imisebenzi yokunakekela isitshalo kumele iyenziwe ngeglavu ye-rubber. Ungavumeli ijusi le-Solanum esikhumbeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibucayi namahlo.
Kunzima ukukhula
Naphezu kokunethezeka kokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, okwamanje Ezinye izinkinga zingase ziphakame:
- inani elincinyane lamajikijolo libonisa ukuvotela okwanele; ungakwenza ngokwakho ngobumnene usebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile ukudlulisa impova kusuka embuzweni owodwa kuya kwenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sezimbali eziningi kunconywa ukuba sishukumise ngenkuthalo imbiza ye-nightshade kanye ngosuku;
- izithelo ezivuthiwe namaqabunga angase akhombise kakhulu izinga lokushisa noma umswakama ophansi, lapho kufanele ususe isitshalo endaweni epholile futhi uhambise umoya;
- ukubonakala kwe-spider mite kukhuluma emoyeni omile, ngaphezu kokushintsha i-microclimate, kubalulekile ukuqeda inkathazo.
Izithelo ezidliwayo
Naphezu kokubheka okubonakalayo kwesithelo se-solanum, zinobuthingoba aqukethe i-glycoalkaloid i-solanine enobuthi futhi ingaholela ekuziphatheni okukhulu. Lezi amajikijolo zingaba yingozi kakhulu ezinganeni nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo, ngakho-ke ukufinyelela kwabo esitshalweni kufanele kuvikelwe.
Noma kunjalo, amakhambi amajikijolo avuthiwe asetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekuphepheni kwemithi yendabuko, isibonelo, ekwelapheni umkhuhlane.
Uyazi? Igama lesiLatin le-nightshade linikeza igama linye lamaqhawe e-opera "Uthando oluthandwayo" ngumqambi wase-Italy uG. Donizetti - udokotela ophikisayo uDulcamaru.
Izinambuzane
- I-Whitefly. Le nkathazo ibonakala ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kokutshala, kanye nendawo egumbini elingafanelekile. Kubuhlungu ikakhulukazi emagqabeni ase-nightshade. Lahla i-whitefly ngokusebenzisa i-vacuum cleaner evamile. Okokuqala udinga ukwesabisa izinambuzane ukuze zithathe emoyeni, bese uziqoqa zonke nge-vacuum cleaner. Okulandelayo, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngama-insecticide futhi, uma kunesidingo, sithuthela ekamelweni elipholile futhi elinomsoco.
- Izibungu zesicabucabu. Amaqabunga asitshalo abe nombala ophuzi, futhi izimbungulu ezincane ezibomvu ezibomvu zivela phezulu. Emva kokuthola kwabo, susa wonke amaqabunga awonakele. Bese ugeza zonke amaqabunga ngamanzi asozini futhi uhlakulele i-nightshade ngezinambuzane kabili ngesonto.
- Aphid Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokutheleleka - ubune, shintshe futhi usule izingxenye eziphansi zamaqabunga. Ukuze ususe ama-aphid, isitshalo kufanele sihlanzwe ngaphansi kokucindezelwa kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokumiswa, yiphathe nge-pesticides.
I-whitefly yithwala izifo zezitshalo futhi ingathinta izindlu eziningi, ezifana ne-geranium, ibhalsamu, i-orchid, i-begonia, i-fuchsia. Ungayilahla ngosizo lwalezi zinambuzane "Aktara", "Fitoverm", "Aktellik", "Konfidor", "Mospilan" nabanye.
I-Solanum iyisitshalo esihle kakhulu sokuhlala endaweni yokuhlala kanye nehhovisi. Lesi sihlahla esiqhakazile nesingavamile sizogcwalisa igumbi lakho ngokukhanya kanye nomzwelo wokuhlanza. Futhi ukungazitholi nokuzala komzimba nightshade kungenye futhi ehambisana nokuzalana kwayo.
