Isivuno esihle siqala ngokutshala. Le axiom isebenza kuzo zonke izitshalo zasengadini, kufaka phakathi i-beet yetafula elithandwayo nelivamile. Kuyintokozo ukuyikhulisa: ayinambulelo, ivuthwa kahle emhlabathini ovulekile hhayi nje kuphela ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu, kodwa futhi ngomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, kanye naseSiberia. Uma ulungiselela kahle inhlabathi yokulima, ukutshala isivuno emva kokungena okuhle nangesikhathi esifanele, sebenzisa izindlela ezifanele kakhulu zokutshala, khona-ke ukuvuna kwaleli ubuhle phesheya kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuneningi, kuyamnandi futhi kunempilo.
Ukutshala beet emhlabathini ovulekile
Ama-beet, afana nezitshalo eziningi zemifino, angatshalwa ngokutshala imbewu ngqo enhlabathini noma ngezithombo. Abalimi abaningi bancamela ukutshala ama-beet ngokushesha ngembewu embhedeni ovulekile wegadi.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nemibhede
Ukulungiselela ukutshala ama-beet kufanele kuqale ngokulungiswa kwendawo. Udinga ukukwenza lokhu ngisho nangesikhathi ekwindla kokumba kwengadi. Ngaleso sikhathi-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlela izindawo zokubeka abahlali bengadi ngesizini ezayo futhi ulungiselele uhlaka ngalunye ngokufanele. Indawo ekhanyiswe kahle kufanele ibekelwe ama-beets, ngoba ngokukhanya okwenele kuphela lapho ama-beets azoba nombala ogcwele.
Izimpande zezitshalo ze-beetroot ziqukethe ingxube yemibala, okuyiyona betanin eyinhloko
Imifino ithanda inhlabathi evundile, i-loamy noma enesihlabathi esinamachwane enenkomba ye-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Lapho ulungiselela imibhede yamabhele, kufanele wenze okulandelayo:
- khipha udoti wesitshalo;
- gcwalisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezi-organic (ama-4 kg womquba noma ama-3 kg we-humus ngemitha eyodwa);
- ukwenza umanyolo wamaminerali (20 g we-ammonium nitrate, 40 g we-superphosphate, 15 g we-potassium chloride nge-1 sq. m);
- ukunciphisa amaphesenti we-acidity yenhlabathi, engeza ufulawa we-lime noma we-dolomite (kusuka ku-0,5 kg nge-1 sq. m);
- bamba le ndawo ngokuya ekujuleni kofosholo lwe-bayonet.
Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi esendaweni elungiselelwe izodedelwa kuphela.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Abantu bathi: "Kwinzalo embi ungalindeli ukuba yisizwe esihle." Ngakho-ke, isigaba esilandelayo esibalulekile sokutshala ama-beet ukulungiswa kwembewu. Kumele ahlanzeke, abe nokuhluma okuphezulu. Ukulungiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwenzelwa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Okokuqala, imbewu iyalinganiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele yonke imithombo ephepheni elimhlophe bese uhlela ngesandla ngobukhulu imbewu, ngenkathi ukhetha imbewu eyonakalisiwe, emibi nezincane kakhulu. Inketho enhle ukukhetha imbewu enosayizi ofanayo. Bazoba nokudla okufanayo kwezakhi zomzimba, ngakho-ke bazonikeza amahlumela anobungane, azokwenza ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
Ukulinganisa kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe imbewu enkulu enezithelo eziphezulu, amandla wokuhluma, aqukethe izakhi zomzimba eziningi futhi ngenxa yalokho unikeze izitshalo ezikhiqiza amandla
- Ukuze kubonakale amahlumela anobungane futhi esheshayo, imbewu ye-beet inconywa ukuba imiswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, afakwa esitsheni futhi athululelwa usuku ngamanzi ahlanzekile okushisa kwegumbi, anconyelwe ukushintshwa kaningana. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayelulekwa ukuthi baqale babambe imbewu ngamanzi (mhlawumbe ancibilikisiwe), bese kuthi ngemuva kokudumba, bathathe isilinganiso esithile somswakama, bawabeke ngesixazululo nge-stimulator yokukhula, okuzosheshisa isikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu. Izithako ezikhethekile (i-Epin, iKornevin, njll.), Amakhambi esintu (ujusi we-aloe, ukumnika umlotha, umhluzi wekhowe, isixazululo soju, ujusi wamazambane) angasebenza njengezivuseleli.
- Ukuze umhlume, udinga ukuthatha isitsha ezansi lapho ubeka khona insela yomswakama, usakaze imbewu ethambile kuyo bese uyimboza ngendwangu eshwabene ngaphezulu. Isitsha sibekwa endaweni efudumele, qiniseka ukuthi indwangu ihlala isesimweni sokuthambisa. Uma imbewu inekhwalithi enhle, khona-ke emva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, cishe ama-80% azo azohluma.
Imbewu yeBeet iyanconywa ukuba ihlume ngaphambi kokutshala
Eminye imithombo eku-inthanethi incoma ukuthi ukufudunyezwa kwezinhlwayiya zezinja, okungukuthi, ngemuva kokufaka imbewu kumele kubekwe emakhazeni. Lesi seluleko kufanele sithathwe ngokuqapha, ngoba inqubo leyo ingavusa ukwakheka kwangoko kwama-peduncle.
Isikhathi sokufika
Abalimi abaningi bahlwanyela izimbotshana kabili ngesizini:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ukusetshenziswa ehlobo;
- ehlobo (hhayi ngaphambi kokuqala kukaJulayi) - ngokulondolozwa kwebhukumaka.
Ithebula: Isikhathi sokuhluma kwe-beet ngokuya ngohlobo lokushisa kwenhlabathi
| Ukushisa kwenhlabathi | Isikhathi sokuhluma |
| +4 | kuze kube amasonto amathathu |
| +10 | cishe izinsuku eziyi-10 |
| +15 | cishe isonto |
| +20-25 | Izinsuku ezingama-3-4 |
| ngaphezulu +25 | zingabulala imbewu kanye nezithombo |
Ochwepheshe bathi isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela izimbotshana ezinembewu enhlabathini ukushisa kwenhlabathi + ama-8-10 degrees. Ngalesi sikhathi, umswakama wenhlabathi ophelela imbewu uyagcinwa, futhi ukukhuphuka okwengeziwe kwezinga lokushisa kuzothinta kahle ukukhula kwezitshalo ezimpande kanye nobuningi bezitshalo.
Izindlela zokutshala izindebe ezinembewu emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma emapulazini ahlanganisiwe izindlela eziphambili zokutshala ama-beet zikwele futhi zikwele isikwele, njengoba zinikeza ithuba lokulimaza okwenziwe ngomshini kanye nangaphesheya, khona-ke ezingadini zomuntu siqu abalimi bemifino bazama kabanzi ngokuhlelwa kwamachibi.
Indlela yendabuko
Kulokhu, ama-grooves enziwa embhedeni kude ne-10 kuya ku-35 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Leli nani lincike ezinhlobonhlobo, inhloso yokutshala: uma udinga ama-beet asayizi aphakathi nendawo wokuthathwa, khona-ke ukunqunyelwa komugqa kungancishiswa; ekukhuleni izithombo zezimpande zesitoreji sasebusika, khetha ibanga elikhulu kakhulu. Imisele yenziwa ngokungcono i-longitudinal, engaba ngu-4 cm ukujula.
Ukucwilisa ama-grooves okutshala ama-beet, ungasebenzisa ipulangwe elide eliqondile
Lapho-ke imisele ichithwa ngamanzi, kuthi lapho amanzi esejulukile, imbewu ibekiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ubuntu benzalo ebunjiwe: izithelo zayo ziyizithelo ezimbalwa ezikhule ku-glomerulus, i.e. izitshalo eziningana zizokhula kusuka embewini eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusabalalisa imbewu kude ne-5-6 cm, bese uwafafaza ngensimbi enamasentimitha amabili.
Imbewu yeBeet inkulu, ngakho-ke kulula ukubola ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi komunye nomunye
Akunangqondo ukusebenzisa ama-beets alungiselelwe iphepha lokuya ngasethunjini lokutshala: Imbewu yalesi sitshalo ikhulu impela, ukunamathisela akubambeki kahle, ngakho-ke kushesha nje ukuwahlwesa embhedeni kunokuwumbesa.
Ukuhlwanyela izimbotshana embhedeni ofudumele
Emasimini amaningi ungabona imigqomo efudumele efakiwe. Umgomo wesenzo sawo ukuthi imfucumfucu ebekwe ngaphakathi kwemibhede iphakela izitshalo izitshalo futhi ibenzele ukubusa okuthe xaxa lokushisa.
Lapho ukhula embhedeni ofudumele, ukukhula nokukhula kwamabheshu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, kuzothola ukungagonywa kwezifo ezahlukahlukene
Imibhede efudumele ifakwe ngezindlela ezihlukile:
- ungabeka izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphilayo emseleni wemba. Kulokhu, umbhede uyocishe ucwenge nomhlabathi;
- Imibhede emide yenziwa ebhokisini elikhethekile, eligcwele udoti wezitshalo nenhlabathi.
Futhi kulokho, kwelinye icala, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho eyisisekelo yokuhlela:
- amagatsha amakhulu, iziqu ezikhulu zezitshalo, amabhodi okuthena izinkuni kufanele abekwe phansi kombhede;
- Ngaphambi kokubeka ungqimba olandelayo, okwedlule kufanele kuniselwe;
- okwemaki yokubekisa sebenzisa imfucuza enempilo kuphela, ayithinteki yizilokazane nezifo zezitshalo.
Umbhede onjalo ungasetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana ngokulandelana, kepha ukutshala ama-beet iminyaka emibili yokuqala akukanconywa. Imifino iyakwazi ukuqongelela ama-nitrate, futhi ekuqaleni inhlabathi embhedeni igcwele izakhi zomzimba ngenxa yokubola okusebenzayo kwento yezinto eziphilayo.
Lapho ukhula embhedeni ofudumele, ama-beet adinga ukuniselwa kakhulu futhi aphuzwe njalo, kulokhu kuphela umbhede ozofeza injongo yawo
Ukuhlwanyela izimbotshana embhedeni omncane
I-ridge ibhekwa njengento emincane ngobubanzi obuyi-30 kuya ku-90 cm ngokuhlelwa okuphoqelekile kwezigaba ezibanzi - ukuya kumitha eyodwa. Ingakhiwa ngesisekelo sebhede elifudumele, bese ikukhonza iminyaka eminingana.
Lapho kukhula embhedeni omncane, isitshalo ngasinye sithola isilinganiso esanele sokushisa nokukhanya
Okokuhlwanyela izimbotshana, ububanzi obufanele bemibhede buzoba ngu-45 cm. Kulokhu, imbewu itshalwa emiseleni emibili eyenziwe emaphethelweni. Udinga ukunakekela izitshalo ezitshalwe embhedeni omncane ngendlela efanayo nasembhedeni ojwayelekile, kepha izinzuzo zokutshala okunjalo zisobala:
- zonke izitshalo zithola ukukhanya okwenele. Awukho umugqa ophakathi nendawo obunjiwe, futhi kuqondile ukuthi izitshalo ezincane zezimpande zivame ukukhula;
- kuyinto elula ukukhulula inhlabathi phakathi kwemigqa nganoma yimaphi amadivaysi asemishini, kufaka phakathi umgudli wendiza weFokin;
- ukutshala kungenziwa ngcono, futhi yomisa inhlabathi.
I-beet ezixubekile
Izitshalo eziningi zemifino nezimbali, kanye nezitshalo ezibabayo, azihambelani kuphela lapho zikhula, zinomphumela omuhle komunye. Ukutshala okuxubile kwemifino kugwema ukwehla kwenhlabathi, njengoba izilimo ezahlukahlukene zinezidingo ezihlukile zokudla okunempilo, okusho ukuthi inhlabathi ngeke incishwe maqondana nanoma iyiphi into eyodwa. Lapho uhlela ama-ridges ahlanganisiwe nama-beet, udinga ukunaka amaphuzu alandelayo:
- izitshalo ezihambisanayo ezinomphumela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwama-beet yilezi: zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, u-anyanisi, ukhukhamba, ulethisi, i-zucchini, i-garlic, i-legumes;
- omakhelwane abangafanele yilezi: amazambane, isardadi yesinaphi, ubhontshisi, ummbila, amashizi.
Kunombono wokuthi ama-beet izimpisi ama-bacterium anezakhi zemithi elwa namagciwane, ngakho-ke, ukuwatshala kwezinye izilimo, ikakhulukazi izaqathe, kunomthelela wokuphilisa ongapheli
Lapho uhlela ukutshala okuhlanganyelwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze imbali enamandla yamabhele, ngakho-ke ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele lanele ukuze imifino ingazifihli izilimo ezingomakhelwane.
Ividiyo: ubuqili bokutshala ama-beet emhlabathini ovulekile
Indlela yezithombo yokukhula beet
Ukutshala izithombo zezithombo ngezithombo kunezinzuzo eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile:
- Njengoba sezikhulile izithombo zebhitrudi, ungazitshala endaweni evulekile ngemuva kokuba sekudlule isikhathi sokusongela kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, okusho ukuthi lesi sihlahla ngeke sikhiphe imicibisholo yezimbali, isivuno sakho siyogcwala futhi sibe sezingeni eliphezulu;
- lapho utshala izithombo, uzosindiswa kwinqubo yokuncipha yokudla yesikhathi esilinganayo;
- indlela yesithombo yokukhula ikuvumela ukuthi uthole izitshalo zokuqala izimpande ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25 ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu emhlabathini.
Izithombo zeBeetroot zibekezelela ukufakelwa kahle, zithathe izimpande kalula, zinezimpande kahle
Izinsuku zokutshala izithombo zezithombo ekhaya
Ukushesha ukutshala izithombo zezithombo akukufanele, ngaphandle kokuthi uhlela ukuqhubeka nokukhulisa imifino endaweni evikelekile. Izithombo ze-Beets zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo eneminyaka engaba yinyanga eyodwa. Uma ukutshala ku-greenhouse kungenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, khona-ke imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ekupheleni kukaMashi. Izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ongavikelekile maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi, lapho usongo lokuqandelwa yiqhwa lidlula, okusho ukuthi ngokutshala endaweni evulekile, izithombo zihlwanyelwa maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Uma ukhulisa izithombo isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga ekhaya, khona-ke izithombo zamabhungane zivame ukwelulwa, futhi lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhiqiza kwezitshalo.
Ukuhlwanyela izithombo zezithombo
Ngokwesiko, ukuhlwanyela izithombo zezithombo zezithombo kwenziwa kumathreyi afanayo. Zigcwele inhlabathi, ezingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ezilungiselelwe ngokuzimela. Kuma-beet, ukwakheka okulandelayo kufanelekile:
- i-peat (izingxenye ezi-2);
- i-humus noma umquba (1 ingxenye);
- umhlaba wensimu (1 ingxenye).
Njengoba imifino ingayithandi inhlabathi ene-acidic, kufanele kufakwe izinkomishi eziyi-0.5 zomlotha kuwo wonke amalitha ama-5 we -xube womhlabathi. Ngaphezu komsebenzi we-deoxidation, umlotha uzoba ngumanyolo owusizo, ngoba uqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen.
Kunconywa ukuba ubambe inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ehlanganisiwe ihora elilodwa ku-boiler ephindwe kabili noma kuhhavini ukuze ubulale amagciwane. Inqubo yokutshala ama-beet ifaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Inhlabathi esethangi ihlanganiswe kancane bese imbewu ebunjiwe ibekwa phezu kobuso bonke. Ukulungiselela kwabo ukunikezela kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa imile, kepha imbewu ehlumile izokhula ngokushesha, ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakulahla okungafani nalokho
- Imbewu zimbozwe ngenhlabathi eseleyo ngesendlalelo esingaba cm 1.5. Senziwe kancane ngomusa futhi sahlanganiswa kancane ukuze inhlabathi ingashabalali ngesikhathi sokunisela.
Ukusuka phezulu, imbewu imbozwe ungqimba lomhlabathi futhi icindezelwe okuncane ukwandisa ukuxhumana nomhlabathi
- Thela umfudlana omncane wamanzi, uqiniseke ukuthi imbewu ayigezwa ngaphezulu.
Ngaphambi kokumila, ukukhanya akudlali endimeni enkulu yezinhlwayiya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi: enhlabathini emanzi kakhulu, imbewu iyobola, komile - iyoma futhi ife
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, isitsha simbozwa nganoma iyiphi impahla ebonakalayo futhi sihlanzwa endaweni ekhanyayo futhi efudumele (cishe ngama-degrees angu-20). Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa futhi izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe lincishiswe libe ngu-+ 15-16 degrees.
Imbewu yangaphambi kokutshala ihluma ngokuthula futhi ngokushesha
Ezinye izindlela zokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo zezithombo zezithombo
Ngaphezu kokuhlwanyelwa kwendabuko imbewu yezithombo zezithombo kuthayela, abalimi basebenzisa ezinye izindlela, enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi nabaqalayo ukuhlwanyela imbewu enkulweni:
- Imbewu yeBeet ibekwa phezu kwetheyiphu yephepha lasendlini yangasese, ebekwe emphethweni wesimila esingaphansi komhlaba.
- Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwembewu, ungqimba womhlaba uthululelwa ephepheni lasendlini yangasese.
- Isakhiwo sonke sigoqiwe saba umqulu oqinile.
- Umnenkezo owenziwe waqiniswa ngebhendi ebunjiwe futhi ibekwe esitsheni esisezingeni eliphansi esine-sawdust ukuze imbewu itholakale eduze nomphetho ongenhla wesakhiwo.
Lapho ugoqa umqulu, inhlabathi esemaphethelweni wetheyiphu ivele ibhoboke, ngakho-ke udinga ukwenza lokho kungabikho komhlaba ngemuva kokugoqa i-cochlea
- Ngaphezulu kwendawo, ungabeka isikhwama se-cellophane, esikhishwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kokuhluma kuqala.
- Inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi iniselwa ngokucophelela.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, izithombo zingabekwa phezulu.
Ividiyo: ukuboniswa okuningiliziwe kwenqubo yokutshala imbewu ye-beet enkulweni
Inzuzo enkulu ye-cochlea ukuthi le ndlela engabizi yokutshala izithombo igcina isikhala futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ubeke cishe zonke izilimo efasiteleni elilodwa.
Ungase ukhethe izithombo zamabhele ezikhulayo kumabhokisa - leli igama lezinyanda ezincane zendwangu ne-cellophane. Lezi zinhlanganisela zokutshala ngazinye nazo zithatha isikhala esincane, zinobungcono besabelomali futhi zikwenza kube lula ukutshala izithombo zamabhungane endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukudlulisa izithombo kusuka kumanabukeni kuzoba lula: udinga nje ukwandisa ifilimu ngalinye bese udlulisela isitshalo emhlabathini
Izithombo ziklabishi nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo
Uma ukuhlwanyela kungabonakali, futhi umthamo wokufika komhlaba uvumela, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kulokhu, inhlabathi ithululelwa cishe emaphethelweni wethangi, ngaleyo ndlela iqinise izithombo futhi ibenzele indawo eyengeziwe yokondla. Kulokhu, izithombo zokuncipha kusamele zikwenze, ngoba imbewu eyodwa yesithombo sebhhungane inika amahlumela amaningana. Izitshalo ezincane ezisuswa ngesikhathi sokuncipha zingatshalwa kutreyi eyengeziwe.
Ukungena phezulu nokukha izithombo kwenzelwa esigabeni samaqabunga e-cotyledon.
Ama-beet awesabi ukukhetha, kunalokho, lokhu kuzokhula kangcono, ngoba izimpande zinendawo yokuthuthuka
Inqubo Yesinyathelo Nezinyathelo
Ukukhetha, sebenzisa inhlabathi efanayo nokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ukuze ukhuphule inani lokudla okungu-5 l lokuxubha kwenhlabathi, ungangeza i-1 tbsp. l nitroammophoski. Ukhetho lwenziwa ngokulandelayo:
- Umhlaba osethangi umunyiswe kancane, bese ucophelela ngokucophelela, ungazami ukulimaza izimpande ezintekenteke, ukhiphe isithombo ngenduku noma nge-spatula.
- Eminye imithombo eku-inthanethi ixwayisa ukuthi kususwe ingxenye engezansi yezimpande zezithombo lapho kukha, kodwa ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi ukusika izimpande kungaholela ekubhekeni isithombo sethala kanye nokuhlwanyelwa kwesitshalo esiyimpande, okusho ukulahleka kwesethulo nokunambitha.
- Isithombo sifakwa egumbini lokuphumula esilungiselelwe esitsheni esisha, siqiniseke ukuthi impande yesitshalo iqondiswe phansi ngqo, hhayi igobile.
Uma usuku olune-diving luhle ukusithela umhlaba ngezilimo, khona-ke uhlelo lwempande lwesithombo luzosuswa kalula emhlabathini
- Lapho-ke umhlaba ozungeze izithombo uhlanganiswa kancane futhi uniselwe.
Ngemuva kwe-dive, yenza ukuthambisa okuphoqelekile kwezithombo
Uma ukuthathwa kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke izitshalo ezincane ziyakubekezelela ngaphandle kwengcindezi eningi, ngokushesha kumile futhi kukhule.
Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwezithombo ukunisela ngesikhathi, okuenziwa njengoba kunesidingo. Ngokukhanya okuphansi kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu, izithombo ziyakwazi ukwelula. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuthi ubadlulisele endaweni ebandayo negqamile, isibonelo, endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Uma izithombo zibukeka zibuthakathaka kakhulu, khona-ke zingondliwa nganoma yimuphi umanyolo owuketshezi wezithombo (i-Fertika, Krepysh, njll).
Ukufakelwa kwezithombo zezithombo zebhungane emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amaqabunga ambalwa e-beetroot izithombo, zilungele ukufakelwa zingene endaweni evulekile. Kuzophinda futhi udonsele ukunaka kwakho ukuthi izithombo zamabhungane akufanele ziphume: uma izimpande zesithombo zithikameza ngaphansi komthamo wokutshala, isivuno sezimpande singakhula simise ngokungalingani. Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elilungele ukuthulula izithombo ngama-degrees ayi-10. Lapho ufaka izitshalo ezincane emhlabathini ovulekile noma ku-greenhouse, udinga ukulandela imithetho elula eyisisekelo:
- ukufakelwa kwenziwa kangcono kunamafu, isimo sezulu esipholile, ehamba phambili emvuleni elincane;
- izimbobo ezilungiselelwe kufanele zilinganise bonke ubude bezimpande;
Amahlumela aphakame ngamasentimitha angama-8-10 abekezelelwa kangcono, kuyilapho ukukhula okugcwele noma okuncane kakhulu kuhlangana nobunzima
- uma isimo sezulu ngesikhathi sokufakelwa sesomile futhi sishisa, khona-ke kunconywa ukuba kutheliswe izitshalo izinsuku eziningana ukusuka elangeni eliqondile;
- ngokushesha emva kokutshala nasezinsukwini zokuqala, izithombo zidinga ukuniselwa nsuku zonke.
Esontweni lokuqala ngemuva kokufakelwa, kufanele kubhekwe isiko elikhethekile: njalo amanzi futhi avikele emipheni yomoya nasekukhanyiseni kwelanga
Ukutshala ama-beet ebusika
Abanye abalimi basebenza ukutshala isithombo sebhitrudi ebusika. Inezinzuzo eziningi ngokuqhathaniswa nentwasahlobo:
- izithombo zamabhungane ezihlwanyelwe ekwindla zizovela ekuqaleni, ngoba igobolondo eliminyene lembewu lizokhula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo futhi ukuhluma kuzoshesha, okusho ukuthi isivuno sokuqala singavunwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi;
- ngesikhathi sasebusika, imbewu yesiko izoba lukhuni, izitshalo zizokwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa, ukuntuleka komswakama, izilokazane nezifo.
Ukuhlwanyela izimbotshana ngaphambi kobusika kuvame ukwenziwa kakhulu ezifundeni ezinehlobo elifushane, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezilimo zingenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa, njengoba isimo sezulu sivumela ukuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo kungakabi ngaphambi kukaJuni, kanye nokuncipha kokunciphiswa kokuvimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo okwesikhashana. Isimo esibalulekile sokuhlwanyela ubusika ukukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobonhlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo eziklanyelwe ukuhlwanyelwa ekwindla, ngokwesibonelo, iCold Resistant 19 nePodzimnaya A474, zikufanelekela kangcono. Lezi yizinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa okuphakathi; yizona ezivimbela ubanda kakhulu futhi azithandi ukudubula.
Imbewu yezinhlobo ze-beet ezethulwe ingatshalwa ngaphambi kobusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-Autumn kwenziwa ngoNovemba, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lisondela ku-0 degrees, futhi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lehlela ku-4. Ukutshala kwangaphambilini akunconywa, ngoba isimo sezulu esifudumele singakhuthaza ukuhluma kwembewu futhi, lapho kungena isithwathwa esitebekile, izithombo ezivela kuzovele zimane zife. Umehluko wokuhlwanyelwa ekwindla kusuka entwasahlobo:
- umthetho omkhulu wokuhlwanyela ebusika ukuhlwanyela kuphela ngembewu eyomile enhlabathini eyomile;
- imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini kuze kufike ku-3-4 cm, okungukuthi, ijule kakhulu kunangesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwembewu ngesikwele esisodwa. imitha kufanele ibe ngu-3 g, cishe 1 g ngaphezulu uma utshala entwasahlobo;
- imibhede idinga i-mulching eyengeziwe nge-peat noma i-humus yokushisa;
- kungcono ukumboza umbhede ngamaqabunga awile, inaliti noma sawdust.
Entwasahlobo, indawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe kufanele isuswe ukuze ingavimbeli amahlumela ukuthi angakhuphuki. Ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi luvulekile futhi umbhede umbozwe ngezinto zokumboza ezingabonakali. Ukufakwa okunjalo kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekuvuthweni kwesilimo.
Imifino kusuka emibhedeni yokutshala ekwindla kumele idliwe noma icutshungulwe ehlobo. Ngokugcina isikhathi eside, ama-beet atshalwe ebusika awahlosile.
Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela izimbotshana ebusika
Izici zokutshala izimbotshana kubamba ukushisa
IBeet ibhekwa njengesilimo esivimbela ukubanda, kepha isengozini kakhulu yokushisa kwama-subzero kunoku, ngokwesibonelo, izaqathe, izitshalo ezikhula izimpande emhlabathini ovikelekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, zinesizathu. Beets ezikhulayo ku abamba ukushisa unikeza izinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- abamba ukushisa kusiza ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo;
- umklamo wokugcina ukushisa wenza sikwazi ukuthola isivuno sangaphambi futhi esizinzile sebhitrudi;
- izitshalo ezisebenza ezimpandeni zokugcina ukushisa zinobukhulu obukhulu kanye nokwakheka;
- Izimo zokugcina ukushisa zivumela ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo okuhloselwe izifunda zaseningizimu. Futhi baziwa ngokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu;
- lapho ukhule emhlabathini ovikelekile, ungathola isivuno hhayi nje kuphela sezilimo eziyizimpande, kepha futhi nezinselo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zamabhungane amancane, ezilungele ukupheka ama-borsch nama-salads.
Inqubo yokuhlwanyela izimbotshana ezindaweni ezivikelwe yenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, kucatshangelwa ama-nuances alandelayo:
- Ungahlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku-+5 degrees. Lokhu kucishe kube inyanga kaMashi, okusho ukuthi isivuno sokuqala singavuniwa ngoJuni;
- khumbula ukuthi ukuze kukhule kahle, isiko lidinga ukukhanya okuningi;
- ku-greenhouse, ama-beet angatshalwa womabili emibhedeni ehlukene, futhi njengesitshalo esihlanganayo;
- ama-beet angatshalwa ngokutshala imbewu enhlabathini noma ngezithombo.
Ividiyo: Izindebe zakuqala endlini eluhlaza
Sihlole cishe zonke izindlela nezindlela zokutshala ama-beet. Njengoba ubona, le nqubo ayinzima ngokuphelele, futhi njengoba usuyazi le mithetho elula, uzobeka isitini sokuqala sesivuno esihle semifino enempilo esizayo.
