I-Liviston palm tree ingeyomuthi wesundu noma umndeni we-areca. Lesi sitshalo esivame ukutshala, esisekhaya emazweni ase-Afrika, e-East Asia, e-Australia nase-Oceania. Naphezu kwemvelaphi yalo yesitshalo, lesi sitshalo sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi bethu, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Amaqabunga afana ne-fan, amaqabunga aleli sitshalo sokuhlobisa agcwalisa futhi avuselele noma yikuphi ukungaphakathi.
Phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo zemithi yesundu kungabizwa ngokuthi ikhono layo lokuhlanza ngokuphumelelayo umoya ekamelweni.
Incazelo
Endle, umuthi wesundu ufika ku-20-25 m ukuphakama, kodwa indlu ikhula kuze kube ngamamitha angu-1.5-2. Isakazeke, kufinyelela ku-100 cm ububanzi, amaqabunga afane ne-fan, umbala wawo ohluka kusuka obala omsundu obumnyama kuya ompunga-obomvu, obomvu, uthathe 3/4.
Emvelweni, ikhetha amanzi, amaxhaphozi, amahlathi, ikhula eduze kwamanzi, eduze kolwandle. Kwabiwa eMalaysia, eNew Guinea, ePolynesia. 
Uhlukana nokungazenzisi nokukhula okusheshayo. Uma kunesikhala esanele ekamelweni, umuthi wesundu ungakhula kuphela ngenxa yamaqabunga amasha, ngaphandle kokwandisa isiqu. Ngonyaka ungaveza amaqabunga amathathu amasha. Sekuyiminyaka emithathu ubudala, lesi sitshalo singumhlobiso wokuhlobisa, okwakuthandwa kakhulu ngabalimi.
I-Palm inegama layo eNkosini yaseLibinstone, uPatrick Murray, owayeyintandokazi yezitshalo futhi wayithuthukisa insimu yakhe enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-36 ze-Liviston palm trees, ezithandwa kakhulu eziseNingizimu, ezijikelezayo, rotundifolia kanye nesiShayina.
Uyazi? Inkulumo ejwayelekile "ubuciko besundu" ayizange ibonakale ngengozi. Ezinsukwini zakudala, umuthi wesundu wawubhekwa njengesihlahla esingcwele, uphawu lokuthula nokunqoba, futhi kwakulingana ne-wreath ye-laurel. EGreece lasendulo, abadlali abawina umncintiswano banikezwa igatsha lesundu. Akumangalisi ngisho nonkulunkulukazi wokunqoba, uNick, waboniswa ngesimo esinjalo ezandleni zakhe.
Ukukhula
I-Palm Liviston ihlukumezeka ngokuhlukile, amakhono afanelekayo okuguquguqukayo, kalula ukunakekelwa nokukhula okusheshayo okusheshayo. Isivakashi esishisayo singakhula kusuka kumbewu noma sithengwe esitolo, khona-ke sizobuka kokubili ngokuningiliziwe. 
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungakhula kanjani i-hamedorea, i-palm palm, i-yucca, i-hovey Foster, iBelmore, i-cicas, i-chrysalidocarpus, i-pandanus, i-dracaena, i-pachipodium, i-cordilina ekhaya.
Ukutshala inhlabathi yesundu
Le nhlabathi (i-peat substrate), lapho izitshalo zigcinwa khona ukudayiswa, ayifanele ukusetshenziswa okuphakade, ngoba isitshalo esanda kutholakala sidinga ukutshalwe kabusha. Ngokushesha emva kokuthenga, akufanele ukwenze lokhu - gcina ukuhlukaniswa kwamasonto amaviki amabili, ukuze isundu sithembeke, sijwayele i-microclimate futhi sibhekane nokucindezeleka okuncane lapho sishintsha.
Ukutshala ebhodweni elihlala njalo, lungiselela:
- inhlabathi yezihlahla zesundu (ezithengiswa ezitolo zezimbali);
- ibhodlela (awukwazi ukuthatha isisindo esikhulu kakhulu esitshalweni esincane, uthathe amandla ngesayizi, ngezimbobo ezinhle zokugeleza);
- i-haydite, amatshe amancane noma olunye ungqimba lwamanzi;
- i-potassium permanganate.
Isenzo se-Algorithm:- Okokuqala manzi isitshalo ukuze unciphise inhlabathi.
- Okulandelayo, uyisuse ngokucophelela ebhodweni, uyibeke emgodini ngamanzi ngokufaka i-potassium permanganate, ukuze izinhlanzi zifinyezwe ngokuphelele futhi zifakwe i-disinfected.
- Hlanza izimpande zezinsalela zomhlaba.
- Lungisa inhlabathi: ungasebenzisa ukuthengwa kwenhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yesigqila noma uzilungiselele ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zesihlabathi, umquba kanye nenhlabathi engadini.
- Beka ubumba obuningi obuningi obungama-4-5 cm phansi kwe-tank bese ugcwalisa inhlabathi encane.
- Okulandelayo udinga ukusabalalisa izimpande ngobumnene bese uqala ukuwafafaza umhlaba. Kumele okungenani kube ngu-3 cm emkhatsini wemphetho ebhodini kanye nomhlaba. Asikho isidingo sokwenza ama-recesses eduze komgqomo.
Funda ukuthi ungazala kanjani uHamedorei, isundu, i-yucca, i-dracaena.
Indlela yokukhula kusuka enzalweni
Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela udinga ukuyilungiselela:
- imbewu yokutshala;
- amathangi amancane anezimbobo zamanzi;
- ukugoqa epulasitiki;
- umhlabathi
Imbewu ifanele ukutshala kungakapheli unyaka emva kokuvuna. Kungcono ukuhlala ekupheleni kwebusika nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze usheshe ukhiqize izithombo, uqale udinga ukwenza inqubo yokuqothula - ukubhujiswa kwegobolondo lembewu ngomzimba wokufinyelela okusheshayo embungu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngomshini (into elukhuni), okushisa (uma kuqhwaza kanye ne-scalding ngamanzi abilayo), amakhemikhali (ukufaka imbewu enkombeni ye-asidi). Okulandelayo, imbewu idinga ukungena amahora angu-48 emanzini afudumele.Funda kabanzi mayelana nezindlela zokwelapha ezitshaliwe - ukukhwabanisa nokuqamba.Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo, hlanganisa i-perlite, i-vermiculite neqabunga lomhlaba. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi kumele kufudumele, kufinyelele ku-30 ° C, kubalulekile ukugcoba inhlabathi ngobuningi. Iziqukathi kufanele zigcwaliswe ukuze uhlangothi oluphezulu lube yi-1.5 cm. Ngemva kokuhamba, cindezela imbewu engu-1 cm emhlabathini, ukumboza ngefilimu nendawo endaweni enokukhanya okwanele. Phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-1-4, amahlumela azovela. Ifilimu idinga ukususwa nsuku zonke futhi amathangi kufanele avulelwe ihora.
Kubalulekile! Asikwazi ukuvumela inhlabathi ukuthi iphele ngesikhathi sokukhula kwembewu! Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungayithinti ngomswakama, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izobola.
Kungenzeka ukutshala isitshalo sibe yisitsha esingapheli lapho imbewu isifinyelela ku-2-4 cm. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha, kubalulekile ukuphatha izimpande ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka, ushiye wonke umhlaba kuwo. Lesi sitshalo sijwayele izimo zokushisa ngaphansi kwefilimu, ngoba ukususa ngokuphawulekayo akufanelekile. Kubalulekile ukwandisa isikhathi ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala nsuku zonke: amahora amabili, bese uhlala amahora angu-3, ufike kuze kube usuku.Ukunakekela
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo zaseTropiki kuhlanganisa lezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhanyisa I-Palm Liviston ithanda ukukhanya okuningi, ngoba idinga ukuhlinzeka indawo ekhanyayo kakhulu endlini. Uma kusemini elangeni ilanga ilanga imisebe iwa, kuhle ukutshala lesi sitshalo. Ukwenza ngokusemthethweni umqhele, ngezikhathi ezithile ujikeleze umuthi wesundu.
- Ukushisa Ehlobo, isitshalo singagcinwa ngaphandle. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa akufanele liwele ngezansi + 8 ° C, kungcono ukulondoloza izinga lokushisa cishe ku-15 ° C.
- Ukunisela nokuphucula. Ukukhula okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu umswakama nomoya. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo futhi kulinganiswe. Ngomthamo onganele ngokwanele, amaqabunga asomile, futhi uma eqile, izimpande zibola. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubeka lesi sitshalo nge-pallet. Kuyadingeka ukuba amanzi ngamanzi afudumele, ahlungiwe. Uma amanzi enqwabelene ne-pallet, isikhathi esithile ngemva kokuphuza, amanzi kufanele agciniwe. Hlanganisa umoya oyidingayo kusuka ku-spray. Ungaphinda usule amaqabunga ngesiponji esincane.
- Khulisa. Isundu sikaLibiston sinesici esisodwa esingavamile - amathiphu amaqabunga awo ahlale emile futhi ephuzi. Lesi yisimo esivamile sesitshalo, ngisho nokunakekelwa okufanele. Ngenxa yokungazi ngalesi sici, abalimi abanamakhono abangenalwazi baqala ukusika amathiphu omile, okwenza isimo sibe nzima. Amathiphu akudingeki aqede. Kudingekile kuphela ukusika amaqabunga omile ngokuphelele futhi emva kokusika kunomile.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ezinyangeni zasehlobo nasehlobo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutshwa izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngenyanga. Ukondla izitshalo, ungasebenzisa umanyolo emithini yesundu. Kubalulekile futhi, ikakhulukazi ebusika, ukwengeza ukugqoka kwama-foliar. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuqhuba izimpande nokudla kwamaphilisi ngezikhathi ezahlukene! I-Palm Liviston iyaphendula kahle kumanyolo obuncithakalo amaminerali, isibonelo, "Umbala kaMnu." Palm ". Izindlela zingathathwa kokubili emhlabathini, futhi zifakwe. Inani lalingalendlela: 1 litre lamanzi idinga ikhefu elilodwa lemithombo yamaminerali, ebusika ukuhlushwa kunciphise izikhathi ezimbili (2 l amanzi kanye ne-1 cap of fertilizer). Ukusetshenziselwa kwangaphandle, ukuhlushwa kuyoba phansi: 1 cap for 3 amalitha amanzi. Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi avela kwabanye abakhiqizi ("Loren", "Pokon"), eyenzelwe izindebe. Basebenzise ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo.
- Ebusika Esikhathini esibandayo, isundu sikaLibiston kufanele sibekwe endaweni elula kunazo zonke endlini, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngaphakathi kuka-15-16 ° °, ukuchelela kumele kuncishiswe isikhathi esisodwa ngeviki, futhi inani lokugqoka kumele linciphise izikhathi ezingu-1 ngenyanga. Kubalulekile ukuvamisa igumbi njalo nesitshalo.
- Ukuhlanza isitshalo. Njalo ngenyanga, amaqabunga obuhle bekhaya kufanele asuswe ngokuphelele (ahlanzwe) nge-sponge encane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina phansi amaqabunga ahlanzekile.
Kubalulekile! Lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe nesithuba esanele: uma amaqabunga ahlala edongeni, iwindi, noma ezinye izinto, ukukhula kwabo kunganciphisa noma kume ngokuphelele.
Ukufakelwa
Ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi zasendlini, isundu sikaLibiston sidinga ukufakelwa yonke iminyaka embalwa. Kungcono ukunquma isidingo senqubo ngokuya ngobukhulu bezinsizi: uma izimpande zikhule kulo lonke ibhodlela, azikho isikhala esanele kubo, zizoqala ukubonakala emhlabathini noma emigodini yokugeleza - "izindlu" ezibanzi kakhulu ezidingekayo zinikezwe ekamelweni lesilwane. Ngesikhathi kulungile ukuqhuba ukufakelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Umhlabathi wokufakelwa kwesitshalo ulungiselelwe kusukela kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- amaqabunga umhlaba - izingxenye ezimbili;
- umhlaba we-sod - izingxenye ezimbili;
- peat - ingxenye engu-1;
- umquba obolile - ingxenye eyodwa;
- isanti - ingxenye engu-1;
- amatshe amaningi.
Ngemva kokulungiselela inhlabathi, ungaqhubeka nenqubo yokufakelwa: - Lesi sitshalo kumele sisuswe ngokucophelela nge-scapula, sizama ukushiya emhlabathini izimpande.
- Izimpande ezibolile zidinga ukususwa.
- Amathanga kufanele aphathwe nge-pitch pitch, izimpande ezisele, uma kungenzeka, ungathinti.
- Njengombumbi omusha ukhethe umthamo ojulile, ozobe uhlala kahle izimpande ezinamandla, ezinamandla zesitshalo. Yenza imithombo yamanzi ngezansi ebhodweni lika-3-4 cm ubumba obunwetshiwe noma ubumba oluphukile.
- Thela endaweni encane yomhlaba ukumboza amanzi, ubeke ngokucophelela izimpande emasongweni, ufafaze umhlaba futhi upake kancane.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, isitshalo kumele sikhuliswe.
Kubalulekile! Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lomhlabathi esihlahleni sesitshalo lihambisana embizeni entsha.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ngenxa yokuthi umuthi wesundu usakhula ngesinye isiqu, akukho ndlela yokusakaza yemifino. Ngakho-ke, phanyisa le mbewu yezitshalo. Kodwa kusenzeka ukuthi izinqubo ze-lateral zakhiwa ngezimpande ezihamba phambili. Khona-ke ungazama ukusakaza isundu sesinzalo ngenzalo, nakuba lokhu kuyindlela engavamile kakhulu futhi ayiyona indlela ephumelele kakhulu.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezinconywa amahhovisi, izindawo zokulala, izindlu zokulala, amabhaluni.Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi emva kokuthenga embizeni eyodwa ungathola izihlahla eziningana ezincane, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuzihlwanyela ezitsheni ezahlukene. Indlela yokuhlela ukuhlala:
- Nciphisa umhlabathi bese ususa iziqu ngezimpande.
- Sika izimpande kungenjalo! Kudingeka bahlukaniswe ngokucophelela ngeminwe yakho, bezama ukuphazamisa umhlaba obazungezile.
- Izimpande ezonakalisiwe zidinga ukugcoba i-pitch engadini.
- Beka izitshalo emithonjeni, ungajuli.
- Fafaza ngenhlabathi kanye ne-moisten.
Ukuze ukhule ubuhle obushisayo kusuka enzalweni, ungalandela indlela echazwe ngenhla. Ungathenga imbewu ku-intanethi noma ezitolo ezinkulu zegadi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ugcina imbewu izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngezansi + 15 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izolahlekelwa ukusebenza, futhi imali yakho nesikhathi sakho kuzosulwa.Nakuba abakhiqizi babonisa ukuthi impilo yesheluli yiminyaka eminingana, kusengcono ukuthola ulwazi olusha kakhulu. Uma isikhathi eside sesigcinwe imbewu, isikhathi eside siyakhula.
Imbewu kumele iphelele, ngaphandle kokulimala, negciwane ngaphakathi, umbala wayo ohluka kusuka kumhlophe kuya ophuzi. Umbala wegobolondo lezinhlamvu ngokwawo uyohluka umahluko ngamunye wezinsizakalo ze-liviston, kusukela ku-beige ekhanyayo kuze kube nsundu.
Uyazi? Ekhulwini lama-60 ekhulwini lokugcina, lapho kukhishwa izigodlo zeNkosi yakwaJuda uHerode, abavubukuli bathola imbewu yesundu eyayineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 000 ubudala. Emva kweminyaka engu-50, ngo-2005, ososayensi bazama ukutshala izihlahla ezivela kubo. Ngemuva kwezinqubo ezilungiselelwe ngokucophelela, kwavela enye inhlumela yembewu emithathu, eyayiqamba ngokuthi uMethusela. Namuhla, umuthi wesundu usukhule ube ngamamitha angu-2!
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izifo eziningi emthini wesihlahla sika-Liviston zibangelwa ukunakekelwa okungafanele. Izimpawu nezindlela zokubhekana nezifo ezivame kakhulu:
- Shchitovka. Kubonakala ngamacwecwe ensundu emaqabunga, okwandisa usayizi, owomile futhi aphule leli qabunga. Kancane kancane amahlamvu aphenduka ophuzi, ama-curls, futhi lesi sitshalo sifa. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukuqhuma njalo ekamelweni, ukuhlaziya umoya kanye nokuhlolwa kwamahlamvu. Uma uthola izinambuzane ezifuywayo zakho ezifuywayo, hlola ngokucophelela zonke izitshalo endlini bese uzihlukanisa nabathintekayo. Ukusebenzisa i-cotton pad ehambelana namanzi asozini, ukuqeda izinambuzane, bese uphatha izihlahla ezinambuzane ngokwemiyalo: "Aktellik", "Phosbecid", "Aktara".
- Isibungu se-spider Kuyinto inkathazo kunokuba insidious: ngaphandle iqiniso lokuthi umkhaza udla on isitshalo utshani, futhi futhi othwala of izifo eziyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulwa nale nkathazo kuyinde kakhulu futhi kunzima kakhulu. Umuthi ungabonakala ngokuba khona kwamachashazi amhlophe amhlophe ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga, iwebhu enhle namaqoqo omphakathi womkhaza. Ukuze kuvikelwe isidingo sokugcina umswakama odingekayo. Uma lesi sitshalo sithinteka yizinambuzane, ngisho ne-pot, i-saucer ne-windows sill izodinga ukucutshungulwa. Ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa-i-acaricides: i-Apollo, i-Borneo, i-Akarin, i-Fitoverm.
- I-Mealybugs Igama elidumile lezinambuzane liyizinyosi ezimbi. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zokulimala zihlanganisa: i-white vatoobrazny plaque, ukukhishwa okunamathela ngokuqhubekayo kwe-soot fungus. Ukuze kuvikelwe lesi sifo akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela izitshalo ukuba zome, udinga ukuhlola njalo isilwane sendawo, sula amaqabunga bese uwagcina ehlanzekile. Uma uthinteka yi-mealybugs, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo: i-Aktara, i-Konfidor, i-Tanrek. Ngaphambi kokukhipha imfucuza, udinga ukususa ngesandla isikhwama ngepotton pad efakwe emanzini asozini.
- Ukukhula kweqabunga elincane, ukukhula okunamandla. Isizathu singase sibe ukuntuleka kokushisa okuphansi nokuphansi kakhulu. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma izinga lokushisa lihlehlela ku-18 ° C, ukukhula kwehlisa.
- I-chlorosis (i-yellowing) yamaqabunga. Isizathu singase sibe ukwephulwa kwe-acid-base balance. Kubalulekile ukulungisa i-pH yenhlabathi, ukondla ama-foliar.
- Ukubala imibala enombala. Kusuka ekugqoka kufanele kuqedwe izingxube eziqukethe i-fluorine.
- Amachashazi amaqabunga aphuzi nabomvu, ama-curling. Kubangelwa ukukhanya ngokweqile noma ukuchelela okwanele.
Funda indlela yokubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane zezihlahla zesundu, usuku, i-dracaena, i-yucca, i-hovey.
Ukubonakala kwesandla sikaLibiston sikwazi ukuvuselela futhi kwengeze amanothi angaphandle kwamanye angaphakathi, ulungise isimo sezulu sasekhaya, futhi usivuselele. Uma unethuba lokunikeza isikhala esanele salokhu ohlala emazweni ashisayo, uyohlala ejabule ngobuhle bakhe obungavamile!
