I-Grapefruit - isitshalo esivame ukuluhlaza esivela ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ibonisa uhlobo lwe-Citrus. Ikhula e-United States, eMexico, eCaribbean, e-Argentina, eChina, emazweni amaningana eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukuthandwa okuyinhloko kwaleli citrus kwakungena ekhulwini lama-XX, lapho imfashini yokudla kwamagilebhisi ibonakala. Namuhla bazama ukukhulisa lesi sihlahla ekhaya. Ezimweni ezinzima zokulima futhi izinzuzo zalesi sitshalo zizokutshela kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo ye-botanical
Lesi sihlahla esivuthiwe, njengomthetho, sikhula sibe ngu-5-6 m. Kodwa kunezinhlobo eziphakemeyo ezifinyelela ku-13-15 m phezulu. Umqhele wesihlahla unzima, ugobile, ngezinye izikhathi ucabangela. Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, abe ne-ovate, isakhiwo se-oblong, afinyelela ubude buka-15 cm. 
I-blooms yomuthi imhlophe. Izimbali zinkulu, ezinamaphesenti angu-5, i-pyatilepestkovye. Izithelo zamagilebhisi ziphephile, zifakwe kancane ngaphakathi kwe-axis ephakathi, zifinyelela ku-10-15 cm ububanzi. Isikhumba sabo sinzima, kufika ku-1.5 cm, i-pulp inomuncu-omnandi, nomthunzi obabayo ozwakalayo.
Manje kukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zama-grapefruit, ezingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: ezimhlophe (noma eziphuzi) futhi zibomvu. Esikhathini esidlule, inyama ine-tinge ephuzi, futhi kulezi zinsuku, isici sinobuciko: i-redder i-pulp, i-sweeter.
Uyazi? Igama lesiNgisi elithi grapefruit (i-grapefruit) litholakala enhlanganisela yamagama amabili: amagilebhisi (amagilebhisi) nezithelo (izithelo), ngenxa yokuthi izithelo zomvini zivame ukukhula ngamaqoqo, njengezithelo zomvini.
Kukhona igumbi lesithelo. Yena, njengomfowabo wesimo sasendle, uhlaza njalo, ukhula ufike kumamitha amabili kuphela ukuphakama. Esinye isici sayo - izimpande ezincane emahlathini. Izimbali nezithelo zifanayo. Ukuphakama kwamagilebhisi okuvuthwa kwamagumbi kuyawa ngoNovemba.
Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali
Amavithamini e-pink pink grapefruit:
- Riboflavin (B2): 0.02 mg;
- ascorbic acid (C): 44 mg.
Amaminerali emaqabungeni amhlophe aqoshiwe:- i-calcium: 9 mg;
- insimbi: 0.2 mg;
- i-magnesium: 12 mg;
- i-phosphorus: 15 mg;
- i-potassium: 162 mg;
- i-sodium: 1 mg;
- I-Zinc: 0.05 mg.
Inani lomsoco nekhalori
Inani lomsoco nge 100 g we-pink rose grapefruit:
- amanzi: 86-89 g;
- amaprotheni: 0.5 g;
- Amafutha: monounsaturated (0.013 g), polyunsaturated (0.024 g);
- ama-carbohydrate: 9.2 g
Inani lamandla: 39 kcal / 163 kJ.Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo ezizuzisayo zezithelo ezinjenge: lychee, suite, longan, kumquat, actinidia, loquat, zizifus, physalis, i-citron ne-okra.
Izakhiwo eziwusizo
Ama-antioxidants e-citrus anganciphisa amazinga e-cholesterol. Ukwanele ukudla izithelo ezingu-1 ngosuku, ukuze inani le-cholesterol egazini lihlale livamile. Lokhu "ukudla" kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo bantu, abantu abanenkinga yokujikeleza.
Ijusi lamagilebhisi lingakhuphula izinga le-asidi yesisu, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uyisebenzise kulabo abahluphekayo nge-acidity ephansi. 
I-inositol (i-vitamin B8) ivimbela ukuqoqwa kwamathambo nama-toxins esibindi, futhi kusiza ukususa izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni.
I-Naringin iyasheshisa izinqubo zemethamo, ithuthukisa amathumbu, ithuthukise ukugaya. Yilesi sici esisiza ukulahlekelwa lala mapaundi engeziwe.
I-Grapefruit ine-low glycemic index, okuyinto ngokwemvelo ithinta ukwehla kwamazinga kashukela egazini.
Kubalulekile! Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho udla izithelo zomvini kanye nemithi ethile. Izingxenye eziningana zezithelo ziqala ukusebenza ngemithi, okungabangela ukudlula ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, esimweni esinjalo, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela.
Khipha imbewu yezithelo ezinikezwa izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane kanye nezindawo zokubulala. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngokuvamile kufakwe izidakamizwa ze-antiviral. Ekhishwa ngamafutha ommbila asetshenziselwa kakhulu kwi-cosmetology kanye ne-perfume. 
Ukukhula
I-grapefruit yangaphakathi ngokuvamile ivame ukuhlobisa i-veranda noma ingadi yasebusika. Ngokuvamile kulezi zinhloso zisebenzisa izinhlobo "IDukan" futhi "UMarshal".
Endaweni yayo yemvelo, isitshalo esihlala njalo sihlwanyela sijwayele isimo sezulu eshisayo ezinsukwini eziningi ezishisayo zonyaka. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka uzame ngempela ukumakhela i-microclimate efanelekayo ekhaya.
Imithetho yokufika
Kunoma yimaphi ama-grapefruit, athengwe esitolo, aqukethe inani elanele lembewu engasetshenziselwa ukuhluma.
Kunconywa ukukhetha izithelo ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe bese uthola imbewu encane yefomu elifanele. Ukulungiselela okukhethekile ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu akudingi. 
Imbewu ekhethiwe ibhapathizwa endaweni ekhethekile ye-citrus kuya ku-2-3 cm ejulile. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nemvula encane. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthenga i-substrate, khona-ke ungaxuba isihlabathi nge-humus noma umhlabathi ovundile nge-peat nesihlabathi, bese ubeka imbewu kule nhlanganisela. Ukwakha i-microclimate ethile yokuhluma, itshe elinamanzi limbozwe isikhwama noma ingilazi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ngamanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Beka ibhodlela endaweni efudumele.
Isikhathi sokubukeka kwamahlumela okuqala sincike ezinhlobonhlobo zama-citrus futhi kungathatha kusukela ku-1 ngesonto kuya ezinyangeni eziningana. Ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga amabili okuqala eqhakaza, vula ibhodlela elivela ku-cellophane noma ingilazi bese uyishiya ekamelweni elikhanyayo, kodwa endaweni lapho imisebe eqondile ingakwazi ukufinyelela ebhodweni.
Uma umuthi ukhula ufike ku-10-13 cm, kufanele ufakelwe kwisitsha esikhulu. Uma u-transplanting, qaphela uhlelo lwempande - lubucayi kakhulu futhi buthaka. 
Uma unquma ukwandisa inani lemithi ye-citrus noma ungafuni ukulinda isikhathi eside kuze kufike amahlumela, khona-ke ungazala i-grapefruit usebenzisa i-cuttings.
Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda ngokutshalwa kwezilwane zezitshalo ze-citrus - i-poncirus yamaqabunga amathathu, ilamula, i-calamondin, i-citron, isihlahla sama-orange nesi-mandarin, kanye nezifo zayo nezinambuzane.
Zifiseleka ukuthatha izihlahla ezithela izithelo. Ukufanelekela ukutshala ama-cuttings kufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-10 cm ubude. It etshalwe enhlabathini yomlambo omanzi ngaphandle kobumba, ngaphambili i-disinfected ngamanzi abilayo.
Amapheshana aphansi kunazo zonke adingeka ukuthi anqunywe. Ukuze ihlumela likhule ngokushesha, ukusika kwalo kungacutshungulwa ngekhampani ekhethekile yokukhula okusheshayo. Gxilisa ihlumela emhlabathini ngo-2 cm. Kunconywa ukutshala ukusika hhayi ebhodweni, kepha kubhodlela lepulasitiki lihlukaniswe ngesigamu.
Ngezansi, yenza izimbobo ezimbalwa zokudonsa amanzi, futhi isembozo esiphezulu siphezu. Beka isihlahla esizayo endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele, amanzi njalo. Ukutshala kabusha umuthi kufanele kube lapho kubonakala khona izinqubo zezimpande.
Ukukhethwa nokukhanyiswa kwesayithi
I-Grapefruit iyingxenye yezitshalo ezibonisa ukukhanya. Kudinga usuku lokukhanya oluyihora lama-10-12, ngakho-ke kuphakanyiswa ukulixuba ngefasitela ukusuka eningizimu, empumalanga noma entshonalanga, noma emkhathini. Uma kungenzeka ukubeka lesi sitshalo kuphela enyakatho, khona-ke kuzungeze udinga ukubeka izibani zokukhanyisa okwengeziwe. Kuzodingeka ngesikhathi sokuncipha emini.
Kubalulekile! Umuthi awuwuthandi uma ususwa endaweni ngezindawo noma umane uphenduke. Kungaba "ukucasuka" futhi ulahle ingxenye yamakhasi, umbala noma i-ovary.
Ukufiphala kwe-sapling
Ukufafaza isithombo semifino yamagilebhisi kuyadingeka ukwakha i-microclimate ekhethekile emhlabeni wonke. Ukufafaza umuthi, uhambisa umoya owuzungezayo, okusho ukuthi amaqabunga azolahlekelwa umswakama omncane ngenxa yokukhuphuka ebusweni bawo.
Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe izihlahla ezifakelwe noma ezigxiliwe. Izitshalo ezinjalo zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
Kunconywa ukuba uchithe izikhamera nsuku zonke izikhathi 2-3 ngosuku ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa.
Substrate kanye nomanyolo
Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu wesitshalo ingumxube we-sod, inhlabathi enamagatsha anamanzi, i-peat nesihlabathi ku-2: 1: 1: 1: 1. Qinisekisa ukuthi udinga ukugezwa kwebumba elandisiwe, igravel noma i-foam. Bamboza phansi ebhodweni ebukhulu obungqimba obungama-5-8 cm.
Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, umoya omuhle futhi unenani elanele lama-micro-micronutrients. Into ebalulekile ekukhuleni okujwayelekile yensimbi. 
Ngakho-ke, ungafaka izipikili ezimbalwa ezansi ebhodweni. Ungavumeli inhlabathi ibe ne-calcium ephezulu: into evimbela ukungena kwezakhi zokulandelela esitshalweni.
Ukushisa
Imbewu etshalwe ngokushesha kufanele igcinwe ekushiseni kwama-25 ° C nangaphezulu. Kufanele futhi uzivikele ezikrinini. Ehlobo, amahlumela asekhulile azokhululeka emapulini ngaphandle. Into esemqoka - ungavumeli ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuqondile. Ekwindla nasebusika, lesi sitshalo sizozizwa kahle ekamelweni eliqhakazile, elinobuhle lokushisa kwama-5-6 ° C kanye nomswakama olinganiselayo.
Umswakama nokuphuza
Uma emaphethelweni amaqabunga aqala ukuma, kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo asinamanzi kanti umoya ekamelweni limile kakhulu. Qaphela ngokucophelela umswakama womoya: kufanele kube ngokwesilinganiso sama-50-60%.
Ebusika, kwanele ukuphuza isitshalo kanye ngesonto. Ehlobo - kaningi, izikhathi ezingu-2-3 izinsuku ezingu-7. Inani lamanzi adingekayo ekunisela lisekelwe empirically. Uma uthele ngamanzi amaningi, khona-ke kufanele kuhambisane ne-drain.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi ungenza kanjani ukuchelela izindlela zokuphucula noma amabhodlela eplastiki ngezandla zakho, futhi ufunde ngezinzuzo zokunisela okuzenzakalelayo.
Qaphela isimo somhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Uma sewomile futhi lukhuni phezulu, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ungakwazi ukuwasebenzisa futhi. Ungavumeli izimpande ezibolayo. I-Grapefruit izwela kakhulu ekubunjweni kwamanzi - akufanelekile ngamanzi achloride. Sebenzisa amanzi ashubile noma emvula, atshisa kancane. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ubilise amanzi kampompi bese uvumele upholile, noma uvumele ukuthi ume ngezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukufakelwa
Izithelo zomvini zangaphakathi zitshalwe njalo ngonyaka. Ngokushesha nje lapho igcwele embizeni, kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela isihlahla esitsheni esikhulu. 
Uma utshale lesi sitshalo ngamandla amakhulu angathengwa, manje manje kabili ngonyaka kuzodingeka ususe ungqimba ophezulu wenhlabathi, futhi endaweni yayo uthele ingxube entsha yenhlabathi nama-humus.
Lokhu kuzobuyisela izindawo zokugcina amaminerali enhlabathini.
Sinikeza
Ngokufakelwa kwamagumbi e-citrus ungakwazi ukuletha isiqalo sesikhathi sabo esikhulayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kungathathwa kusihlahla sesithelo esifanayo, noma kwesinye isilwane.
Ngokuvamile ukuxhunyiwe "i-peephole" noma ukusika. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokugoma yisikhathi esiphakathi kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho kuqala ukuqhuma okusebenzayo kwe-sap esitshalweni. Kungenzeka ukugoma ngo-Agasti. Isihluthulelo "sokusebenza" okuphumelelayo ukuhlanzeka, isivinini, ukunemba. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi konke kuyahamba ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele ulungiselele zonke izinto ezidingekayo kusengaphambili.
Ukuze uthole "inso" ye-inoculation, khetha izinso ezivuthiwe kakhulu, usike ngokucophelela ngamagxolo bese uyifaka emthonjeni (isitshalo esithintekayo). Qinisekisa ukuthi uzama ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-cambium ze-stock kanye ne-scion.
Vula phezulu nge-tape ekhethekile futhi umboze nge-cellophane. Izinso zisinda emva kwamasonto ambalwa. I-inoculation ephumelelayo izoboniswa nge-petiole ephuzi. 
Lapho uhlanganiswa ukusika kwesitoko, nquma igatsha eliye laqedwa ngaphambilini kusuka kokungcola. Yenza i-cut cut enezingqimba. Okulandelayo, yenza ukuchotshozwa kwe-longitudinal emagqumeni kusukela ekunqunyeni kuya phansi nge 1.5-2 cm. Susa isikhumba kancane bese ubeka ukusika.
Cindezela igxolo emuva egatsheni bese ugoqa isayithi lokugoma nge-tape ekhethekile. Yakha futhi i-microclimate ekhethekile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ventilate indawo "yokusebenza". Ukuphothulwa ngempumelelo kwemisebenzi kuyokhonjiswa ngamaqabunga aphuzi futhi awile kusukela ekusikeni. Uma bomile futhi bephendukile abamnyama, akukho lutho olwenzekile.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zomvini wezinhlamvu ezenziwe ngokwenziwa yi-red spider mite, ama-scythworm kanye ne-mealybug. Ukubonakala kwalesi sibetho kubonakala ngamagatsha aphuzi, ukuguqulwa kwawo, ukuwa. Emaqabunga ohlangothini olungezansi kuvela izimbobo ezincane, ezifana nezimbobo ezivela emgqonyeni wezinaliti. Amabala amancane ama-Brown noma ama-gray-brown angase avele - lawa maqanda ezinambuzane. Amahlamvu ahlanganiswe newebhu elincanyana, ukuqhakaza okunamathela.
Ukunqoba ukuhlaselwa kuzosiza ukucubungula:
- isisombululo sesephu esivela ku-30 g sensipho kanye nokudonsa kwe-dish detergent; konke kuhlanganiswe ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi;
- isisombululo samafutha samaconsi ambalwa e-rosemary amafutha abalulekile ahlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-1 amanzi;
- isisombululo sotshwala (calendula tincture).
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezibungu nezigqoko ezisezindlini.
Kunoma yiziphi izixazululo ezibalwe, i-cotton pad iyaswakanyiswa futhi isitshalo sonke sisuliwe nayo, izinambuzane nemikhiqizo yabo yocucu isuswa.
Khona-ke ungaphonsa isihlahla ngesisombululo esisele. Uma izikhambi zasemakhaya aziletha umphumela oyifunayo, kufanele uthenge amakhemikhali ezitolo zensimu.
Ngokuvamile umuthi wamagilebhisi uthinta izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amafayalini. Lezi zihlanganisa gommoza, noma ukwelapha i-gom. Ngokuyinhloko kuthinta amagxolo phansi kwesitshalo. Ngokushesha ifa futhi iphela, futhi endaweni yayo kubonakala uketshezi oluphuzi oluphuzi.
Ukuze kunqobe ukuhlaselwa, igxolo eligulayo liyanqunywa futhi izindawo ezithintekile ziphathwa nge-pitch engadini noma ingxube yeBordeaux.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo
I-Grapefruit iyisitshalo esibucayi kakhulu futhi esingenasisekelo, ngakho-ke zonke izinkinga ezingase zivele ngesikhathi sokutshala kwayo zizohlanganiswa nokungahloniphi kwezimo zezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ebusika, lapho isitshalo kufanele "siphumule", izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lizobe liphakeme kakhulu, khona-ke ukukhula kwesihlahla kungaqala futhi, okuzoholela ekuqedeni kwayo.
Uyazi? Igama lokuqala le-grapefruit kwaba "isithelo esinqatshelwe". Wanikezwa umfundisi waseBelgian-umpristi uGriffiths Hughes ngo-1750.
Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemigomo yokunisela kuyoholela ekwehleni kwamagatsha, izimbali nezithelo. Ngaphandle kokudla okunempilo, ngeke kube khona ukukhula okunamandla.
Izimo zokugcina izithelo
Izithelo ezivuthiwe zigcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukuvuthwa kuthinta impilo yesheluli: uma izithelo zivuthiwe, kancane kancane zilele. Kungcono ukugcina amagilebhisi esiqandisini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingaqamba amalanga angaba ngu-10, bese iqala ukuma futhi ilahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwayo kanye nesinambitheka. 
Uma ufuna ukubeka izithelo zesikhathi esizayo, bese uqoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe, zifake ekamelweni elinokushisa okungama-7 kuya ku-12 ° C kanye nomswakama ka-85-95%. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ama-grapefruit angaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa.
Njengoba ubona, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule i-grapefruit ekhaya, kodwa kuyinkinga kakhulu futhi ibuhlungu kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukulinda ngaphezu konyaka owodwa kuze kube yilapho umuthi ungathela izithelo. Futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, udinga ukumnakekela, njengengane.
