Lapho ufaka ichibi elingaphandle, into yokuqala okudingeka uyixazulule inkinga yokuhlanzeka nokuphepha kwamanzi. Imvelo yasemanzini yindawo yezinkulungwane zama-microorganisms, angasuswa kuphela ngosizo lokufakwa okhethekile. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokwakha, amachibi angaphakathi esiteshini anikezwa amasistimu wokuhlunga onamandla asekela ukusakazwa kanye nokuhlanzwa koketshezi ubusuku nemini, nezihlungi zamachibi amancane angaphandle, kepha alungele ukufakwa nokugcinwa, kuhlinzekelwa izakhiwo zangaphandle zekhaya.
Kungani uhlelo lokuhlunga luyadingeka?
Amanzi wemvelo akuvamile ukuba abe nezimfanelo ezilungele ukubhukuda okunempilo, ngakho-ke kunezindlela eziningi zokuzihlanza, kufaka phakathi ukungasebenzi ngamakhemikhali, ukuhlanza imishini, i-ozonation nokuhlunga - okuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yokusetshenziswa komhlaba.
Awukwazi ukuthokozela iholide elimnandi ngokuphelele uma amanzi engcolile futhi eyingozi empilweni, ngakho-ke, ngokuthengwa kohlaka noma isakhiwo esishisayo, futhi ngenkathi kwakhiwa ithangi elingapheli egcekeni lendlu yezwe, nakekela ukufaka uhlelo lokuhlunga
Amanzi kumele ahlanze kungakhathalekile ukuthi uwuphi umthombo wokuphakelwa kwamanzi. Akufanele ucabange ukuthi amanzi ompompi agcwele izinhlayiya ze-lime nezinsimbi, futhi uketshezi oluvela emthonjeni noma olungaphezulu kwechibi alunaphutha ezimweni zalo. Emanzini "aphilayo", amathuba wokusakazeka kwamagciwane we-pathogenic ayanda, ngoba ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali akekho ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yamanzi incishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokufakwa ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zokungcola nothuli ebusweni bamanzi echibini elingavulwanga.
Ngokwezimpawu zayo, amanzi okugeza kufanele abe seduze komlingani wayo wokuphuza, ngoba ngesikhathi samukelwa izinqubo zamanzi ungena emehlweni, izindlebe, umlomo, impumulo futhi uhlala uthintana nesikhumba. Izinga loketshezi linganqunywa noma ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile: kuyabonakala (ungabona izithombe noma imifantu ezansi echibini), ayinaphunga elidalwa ukubola kwama-microorganisms, futhi ine-brown or green hue.
Unganquma izinga le-pH noma ukuba khona kwe-chlorine esebenzayo usebenzisa iqoqo lamathebulethi, imichilo noma idivaysi ebiza kakhulu neqondile - umhloli wanamuhla we-elektroniki
Kodwa-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa ezinye izakhiwo “ngamehlo” - lokhu kubhekisele kokuqukethwe kukasawoti ekwakhiweni kwawo noma kuzinga le-acidity elandayo. Ukufinyelela ubumsulwa obukhulu, sebenzisa izindlela zokuhlawula ezinjengalezi:
- ukuhlanza amaminerali amaningi;
- ukungabulala magciwane
- ukusekela;
- isimo somoya;
- ukuthambisa ukwakheka.
Izihlungi zisetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokuhlanza, ziqala ngokuqoqwa kwemishini yamaqabunga ebusweni bamanzi ngamadivaysi akhethekile, aphela ngo-distillation kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-acidity esigabeni sokuqeda.
Izinhlobo zokuhlunga zamachibi angaphandle
Ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kanye nezimpawu ezihlukile, konke ukuhlunga kunenhloso efanayo - ukuhlanza amanzi ezintweni eziyingozi, ukugcina ukungcoliswa okuphezulu nezinhlayiya ezingadingekile. Njengengqimba yokuhlunga, kusetshenziswa izinto zokusanhlamvu zikakhonkolo: isihlabathi, i-anthracite, izingcezu zamatshe agayiwe noma i-diatomite.
Buka # 1 - amadivayisi wesanti
Ngenxa yokutholakala kwesihlungi sesihlabathi, noma ngubani angayithenga, inani eliphansi lamamodeli wamanje ama-ruble angama-4800. Vele, amadivaysi anjalo enzelwe inani elincane lamanzi angahlungiwe futhi alungele ukuhlanza izakhiwo ezingabizi kakhulu nezinhlaka zohlaka. Ama-aggregates anamandla abiza ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane anikezwa amathangi amakhulu, kepha amamodeli wokukhiqiza ashibhile awadingi ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.
Ukuhlunga kwesihlabathi kunesimo esihlelwe kahle, izindlu zawo zivikelekile ngokuthembekile emiphumeleni yezinto zemvelo. Amadivaysi anjalo afakiwe eduze echibini, awadingi amapulatifomu angeziwe noma izimbozo zokuvikela
Lapho ukhetha isihlungi sesihlabathi, naka isihlungi. Kungaba nesihlabathi kuphela, isihlabathi esinezinhlayiya zodwala, kanye nokufakwa kwe-anthracite noma ikhabhoni. Lapho i-filler ihluka kakhulu, kukhuphuka izinga lokuhlanzwa. Isihlabathi se-Quartz sidinga ukushintshwa ngokuphelele njalo emva kweminyaka emi-3, kepha kukhona izinketho ezifakwayo esikhundleni, ngokwesibonelo, isihlabathi sengilazi sithululelwa kuphela njalo eminyakeni emi-5 noma eyi-6.
Emiklamo elula kakhulu, kuthelelwa ungqimba olulodwa lwesihlabathi (0.5-0.8 mm), kumadivayisi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - izingqimba ze-3-5 zezingxenyana ezihlukile. Okokuqala, amanzi adlula amakristalu amakhulu, aqeda ukuhlanza emcamelweni onesihlabathi esihle. Kumamodeli abizayo, ungqimba olungeziwe lokufaka lungaba khona.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto ezibonakalayo lunezimpawu zalo. Isibonelo, i-granular anthracite, ecishe ibe ngu-90% wekhabhoni, ihlukaniswa ngemikhuhlu enkulu ngokwanele nethambile. Ngokungafani nesihlabathi, azakhi i-cushion eminyene, ngakho-ke lapho kuqhubeka inqubo yokuhlunga kukhona umthwalo omncane kakhulu, kepha ijubane lokuhlanza liyanda.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwesihlungi sesihlabathi ungalandelelwa ngokuya ngalolu hlelo: amanzi angena kule divayisi, adlula engxenyeni yezinhlayiya zamaminerali namaqabunga asevele esehlanziwe
Yini okufanele uyenze uma isihlungi sivalekile? Lokhu kuzokwenzeka emavikini ama-1-2 wokusebenzisa echibini ngokusebenzayo. Idivaysi ngayinye inomsebenzi wokuhlanza i-reverse, ozodinga amanzi ongeziwe ukuze usebenze. Abanini bemithombo yabo siqu akufanele bakhathazeke, futhi abasebenzisi bomthombo wamanzi ophakathi nendawo bazoba nenye imfucuza eyengeziwe yezimali zesabelomali.
I-sand kanye nezinye izihlungi zithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile, isikhwama esingamakhilogremu angu-25 sezinto zokwenza i-quartz sibiza cishe ama-ruble angama-400, ingilazi - cishe izikhathi ezimbili. Isihlungi esinjalo singakhiwa ngisho nokuzimela! Ungakwenza kanjani lokhu, bukela ividiyo:
Bheka # 2 - izinhlelo ze-diatomaceous
Abakhiqizi bezitshalo zokuhlunga ze-diatomaceous bathi ukusetshenziswa kwempuphu ecolekile (umhlaba we-diatomaceous) kuvumela ukufeza ubumsulwa bamanzi obukhulu. Ake sizame ukuqonda izici zobuchwepheshe zalolu hlobo lokuhlunga futhi siqonde ukuthi kungakuhle yini ukuthenga imishini ebiza kakhulu echibini lezwe.
I-Diatomite, enelinye igama elijwayelekile - i-kieselguhr, iyidwala eliyisiyingi. Emgogodleni wayo, lawa ama-diatoms acindezelwe, i-95% silica
Ingxenyenamba enhle yezinhlayiya zokuhlanza igcina ukungcola okuncane kuze kufike ku-1 micron ngosayizi, okuyinzuzo engenakuqhathaniswa ngaphezulu kwesihlabathi, yize omunye umgomo wokusebenza kwamadivayisi we-diatomite ungahlukile. Isendlalelo se-filler sisezintweni zensimbi zokuzihlanza ezenzelwe i-polypropylene. Amanzi adlula "ngomcamelo" we-diatom, ayahlanzwa futhi adedelwe abuyele echibini, acebiswe nge-silicon.
Enye yezinketho zokuhlunga kwe-diatomite echibini elingaphandle iyimodeli yeHayward Pro Grid: ingcindezi yokusebenza kuze kube ku-3.5 bar, ifilitha ububanzi 660 mm, umkhiqizo 11 m³ / h, kubiza - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60
Bakhuluma futhi babhale okuningi ngezinzuzo zamanzi we-silicon. Ochwepheshe bathi inesethi ephelele yezakhiwo eziwusizo:
- ihlukanise ukungafani kwe-chloride;
- ichitha amagciwane;
- kuthola izinsimbi ezisindayo;
- kuphazamisa ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-algae;
- kunomthelela oqinisayo emzimbeni womuntu.
Ngenxa yokuhlanzwa ngokuphelele kanye nezakhiwo "zomlingo" zamanzi we-silicon, asikho isidingo sokungezwa kwamagciwane ngamakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke, ukukhokhela ngokweqile idivaysi ye-diatomite, ngaphezu kwamanzi ahlanziwe ngokuphelele, uthola ibhonasi eyengeziwe ngesimo sokuphulukisa.
Bheka # 3 - amasistimu we-compact cartridge
Uma ungenalo ikhono lokufafaza izihlungi njalo namanzi echibini ahlanzekile futhi awadingi ukubulawa kwamagciwane ngokuphelele, thenga isihlungi sebhokisi lezinto ezingabizi. Ukufakelwa okuncane okuningana ngesimo se-bulb enedivayisi yangaphakathi elula kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesembozo kuyigumbi le-cartridge elishintshekayo kanye nesikhwama sepulasitiki sokudoti. Amanzi adlula kokunye kokuqukethwe kwesihlungi se-cartridge, futhi ukungcola okukhulu nezinhlayiya ezincane kuhlale phansi, kuqoqwe esikhwameni.
Lapho uthenga izihlungi ze-cartridge, lalela izinto ezinjengobukhulu nobukhulu bokufakwa kwesihlungi, amandla noma ijubane lokugcwaliswa, uhlobo lomqoqisi (isikhwama semfucumfucu)
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-cartridge, ezihlukile ngokubukeka nezimpawu. Isibonelo, izinto zekhabhoni ziwususa ngokuphelele iphunga elingajabulisi, futhi ukufakwa kwe-ion exchange resin kubulala amagciwane. Kepha kwizichibi kungcono ukusebenzisa isengelo olukhethekile ngosawoti we-polyphosphate.
Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zesihlungi se-cartridge kalula ukulungiswa. Ukuphindisela kuthatha isikhathi esincane, futhi lapho ukuthambisa impahla enobuhlakani enamandla kuhlanza ngokushesha okukhulu
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-cartridge izovuleka, futhi isikhwama sizovalwa ngokuphelele imfucuza. Ukuhlanza kulula: hlanza amapuleti e-cartridge ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo futhi uhlanze isikhwama sokungcola bese uyibuyisela endaweni yaso. Ngemuva kwenqubo eminingana yokuhlanza, into eshintshwayo kumele ibekwe esikhundleni. Ingathengwa esitolo esikhethekile ngenani lama-ruble ayi-125. Abakhiqizi bancoma ukuthi kungeniswe amanye ama-cartridge lapho eguga, okungukuthi, ukufaka esikhundleni kungenza ngesonto noma ngenyanga. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuhlanzeka, kungcono ukungalibali ukuthenga into entsha.
Ungayikhetha kanjani iphampu yokuhlunga efanele?
Zonke izinhlobo zokuhlunga zingaba yingxenye ebalulekile yamaphampu wokuhlunga - amadivayisi wokuhlela ukujikeleza nokuhlanzwa kwamanzi echibini. Okokusebenza kufakwe injini enamandla enamandla yokufaka amanzi, okuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwamanzi. Izihlungi zokuhlanza okuyinhloko noma okujulile zifakiwe, kanti ezinye zithengiswa ngokwahlukile. Kubalulekile ukunaka izinkomba zamandla nezimpawu zesivinini ukuze ngephutha ungahlinzeki ngepompo elibuthakathaka ngesihlungi esisebenza ngokweqile noma okuphambene nalokho.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, iphampu yokuhlunga ayidilizwa phansi, kepha ifakwe ngaphezulu kwezinga lamanzi. Ukuphakama okukhulu kakhulu - 2 metres
Amaphampu amaningi okuzilawula anezisefo zokuhlunga eziklanyelwe ukuhlanza amanzi angcolisiwe kancane, ukwelashwa okuningana ngokwengeziwe kudinga ukuthengwa kwemishini eyengeziwe noma ukubulala amagciwane ngamakhemikhali. Imishini ibekwa esitsheni esikhethekile bese ingcwatshwa emhlabathini oseceleni kwechibini lehafu noma ngokugcwele ngendlela yokuthi kuvunyelwe ukungena okungaphazanyiswa.
Amaphampu wokuhlunga afakelwe isihlungi se-coarse esiyinhloko - ibhasikidi elinezikhala zepulasitiki elinamaseli amancane abamba imfucumfucu enkulu: amahlamvu, amahlumela, utshani
Lapho uthenga, lalela imikhawulo. Iningi lamamodeli lenza imisebenzi ngokuya ngezinkomba ezilandelayo:
- i-tº yomoya - ifinyelela ku-60ºC;
- i-tº yamanzi - aze afike ku-40ºC;
- ingcindezi - kuze kufike ku-2,5 (3.5) ibha.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo.
Inkampani eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Intex ikhiqiza izinsiza ezenziwe ngomshini - ngamaphampu wokuhlunga noma wefreyimu + wokupholisa ngohlelo lwamanzi kasawoti, oluqinisekisa ukuphepha kokubhukuda ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-chlorine
Ukujikeleza okujwayelekile kanye namaphampu we-centrifugal kumpompoza amanzi ngaphandle kokuwacoca, ngakho-ke isihlungi kufanele sithengwe ngokungeziwe, futhi kungcono uma kunezimbili zazo. Owokuqala ukhonza ekuhlanzeni kokuqala kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini, wenza ukuhlolwa kwezingcezwana ezikhulu kakhulu nezindebe. Elesibili lihlanza ngokuphelele amanzi entweni esemisiwe nezinhlayiya ezinhle futhi liqinisekise ukuphepha kokubhukuda.
Yini isikimu futhi uyakudinga?
Idivaysi elula kodwa ewusizo - i-skimmer - ingahlanza ukungcoliseka okukhulu okufika ku-8% wamanzi echibi, yingakho ivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye nemishini yokuhlunga. Ngokubukeka, ifana nethangi lepulasitiki noma lensimbi elinomsele engxenyeni engezansi, ingxenye engenhla ifakwe umgodi wokuphuza amanzi.
Amanye amamodeli we-skimmer anezici ezisezingeni eliphakeme:
- ukuqoqa udoti ebusweni bamanzi;
- Baluhlobo lwama “beacons” wokunquma ukujula nezinga lamanzi;
- zisebenza njengezinto zokuhlanza amakhemikhali.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-skimmers: ezifakiwe futhi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Lezi zinhlobo zombili zilungele amachibi ohlobo oluvulekile, noma kunjalo ukukhetha kwazo kuya ngesakhiwo sedamu. Ukuze uthole ithangi lokuma, kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlelo olakhelwe ngaphakathi olunamanzi amaningi atholakala ezinhlangothini, futhi kumamodeli wamanani angenasici nozimele afakiwe anama-mounts akhethekile ayathandwa. Kukhona okuhlukile lapho ipuli le-monolithic selivele lifakiwe ngaphandle kohlelo lokuhlanza - ukufuthelana ngokungemthetho nakho kungenziwa kusetshenziswa okunamathiselwe.
Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi e-skimmer echibini aluphazamisi imidlalo yokugeza neyamanzi: izimbobo zokuphuza amanzi zitholakala emaphethelweni, futhi ukuphonsa okubuyayo kwenzeka ezansi, ngaphansi kwamanzi
Ithuluzi elilula echibini liyisicupho esisheshayo. Kusetshenziselwa ukuqoqa imfucumfucu enkulu nencane ezintantayo phezu kwamanzi: utshani obomile namagatsha, amaqabunga, izinwele
Ukufakwa kwesikimu se-hinged skolmers samachibi ashibilikayo nezinhlaka zohlaka kulula kakhulu: i-clamp eguqukayo ibekwa ngqo ohlangothini, bese isihlungi sehle singene emanzini, siyibeka ebusweni bamanzi noma iphansi kancane. Lapho ufaka noma yiluphi uhlobo lwedivaysi, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ukuqondisa komoya okukhona, ukuze kungabikho zindawo ezimaxekile, futhi ama-skimmers amboza yonke indawo yokuqoqwa kukadoti.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha uhlelo lokuhlunga, gxila kuhlobo lwamachibi, ubukhulu bawo kanye nenani lamanzi. Emiklamo eyicwecwe, isihlabathi esingabizi noma isihlungi sebhokisi lempompo sanele; ngoba ipuli elikhulu elingaphandle egcekeni lendlu, imishini iyadingeka, kufaka phakathi izihlungi eziningana, iphampu enamandla, uhlelo lokushisa kanye neyunithi yokulawula.
