Itshe lemvelo ngazo zonke izikhathi liye labhekwa kufanelekile njengezinto zokwakha ezithandwa kakhulu. I-granite, imabula, isihlabathi, i-dolomite, i-limestone isebenza njengesisekelo esinokwethenjelwa futhi esihle ngokungajwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwezisekelo nezindlu, ukuhlelwa kwamachibi nezindlela ezigobekayo, ukwakhiwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezakhiwo. Eminyakeni yamuva, izifanekiseli zamatshe ezendalo zinokuthandwa okufanayo, ezinokubonakala okuhle ngobuhle, kepha ziyehluka ngezimpawu ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ukubeka itshe lokuhlobisa kuyinqubo elula, noma yimuphi umuntu onomqondo omncane wokuqedela umsebenzi angakwazi ukuyisingatha.
Izici zezindlela zokubeka "ezimanzi" nezithi "ezomile"
Ubuchwepheshe bokubeka amatshe okufakelwa nawemvelo anokwakheka kwejometri efanelekile bususelwa ezimisweni esezijwayelekile zokubumba. Kepha ukusebenza ngamatshe "asendle", aziwa ngezindlela zawo ezingaphelele, usadinga ukwengeza ulwazi namakhono.
Ukubekwa ngamatshe kungenziwa zombili ngesisekelo sodaka lukakhonkolo nokhonkolo, nangaphandle kokusebenzisa. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ekwakheni, kunezindlela ezihlukile “ezimanzi” neze- “ezomile” zokwakha.
Isici esibonisa ubumbano "owomile" ukukhethwa kahle kwamatshe ahambelana kakhulu nokuqondisisa ukuwahlanganisa
Ubuchwepheshe "obomile" bunzima kakhulu lapho usebenza ngamatshe “aqhekekile” wemvelo, ngalinye linamandla alo, ukuphakama nobubanzi. Ukwandisa ukuqina nokuthembeka kokwenza ukubumbana, konke ukuqhekeka phakathi kwamatshe kugcwaliswa ngomhlaba noma ngodaka nosimende. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kaningi ekwakhiweni kocingo oluphansi kanye ezicijile, kanye nasekufakweni kwama-curbs. Nasi isibonelo sokubumbeka owomile:
"Wet" ukwakhiwa kusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinde, eziyizakhiwo eziqinile ze-monolithic. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto ilula kakhulu ekusebenzeni, ngoba ayinikezeli ngokulungiswa ngokucophelela kwezinto zomakhelwane.
Udaka olugcwalisa izikhala kanye nemivimbo ephakathi kwamatshe kuqinisekisa ubulukhuni nokuqina kwanoma yisiphi isakhiwo
Amatshe emvelo engxenyeni enkulu anokubumba okungakhethi "okhubazekile". Lapho ukhetha amatshe, kubalulekile ukucubungula umthwalo. Amatshe tile, ubukhulu bawo abudluli ku-1-2 cm, asetshenziselwa ukubheka izindiza ezima mpo kanye nama-facade. Lapho uhlela amasayithi ngethrafikhi ephezulu kwanele ukusebenzisa amatshe anobukhulu obungu-2 cm njengokuhlanganiswa. Futhi ngezindawo lapho kufanele kubekwe khona izinsimbi ezisindayo nemishini, udinga ukuthatha amatshe angaphezulu kuka-4 cm.
Amatshe wemvelo wemvelo
Ubude bamatshe amatshe e-rubble buyahlukahluka, njengomthetho, ebangeni le-150-500 mm. Amatshe aqinile futhi aqinile ahlala kahle ekuhleleni izisekelo, izindonga zokugcina, izakhiwo ze-hydraulic nezinye izakhiwo. Itshe le-rubble lihlanza ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokubekwa. Amatshe amakhulu ama-cobblest ayahlukaniswa futhi achotshozwe izingcezu ezincane.
Izingcezu ezinkulu zamatshe ezingafakwanga, zilungele ukubekwa ngamatshe asendle ngezandla zazo: idwala legobolondo, igranite, i-dolomite, i-tuff, i-sandstone, i-limestone
Ukuze usebenze ngetshe lemvelo uzodinga: a - iselihammer, b - isando esincane, c - i-rammer yensimbi, d - i-rammer eyenziwe ngokhuni
Ngenkathi yeqa, izindonga zidilizwa kusetshenziswa amakhilogremu amahlanu wesiselehammer nokugawulwa kwamakhona amatshe akhonjwe phansi amatshe amancane ngesando ngesisindo esingu-2.3 kg. Kwenziwe into efana nale:
Ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziqondile, kufakwa amatshe amakhulu kunawo wonke futhi aqine kakhulu njengesisekelo emugqeni ongezansi. Zisetshenziselwa futhi ukuhlela amakona nokuwela izindonga. Ukubeka imigqa elandelayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umthungo usuvaliwe kancane ngokuhlobene. Lokhu kuzokhulisa amandla nokwethenjwa kokwakhiwa.
Isixazululo sibekwe ematsheni ngokweqile okuncane. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubeka, amatshe ayabuyiselwa odakeni usimende nge-hammer-cam. Ngemuva kokuphonsa ithawula, okwedlulele kugobhoza eceleni komthungo oqondile phakathi kwamatshe. Izikhala eziphakathi kwamatshe zigcwele amatshe amatshe amatshe. Imishayo ibhekwe ngokunembe kakhulu, ububanzi bayo eceleni kobude bawo bomugqa abudluli ku-10-15 mm.
Ithiphu. Uma isixazululo sifika phambi kwetshe, musa ukusula masinyane ngentambo emanzi - lokhu kuzoholela ekuxhumeni kwamapulangwe edwala. Kungcono ukushiya ikhambi isikhashana, ukuze iqine, bese uyikhipha nge-spatula bese usula ingaphezulu letshe ngensangu eyomile.
Njengoba ukugqokwa komthungo we-buta kanye namatshe odonga olungajwayelekile kuyinkinga kakhulu ukwenza, ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwamatshe emvelo, kubalulekile ukubeka imigqa yamatshe ahlanganiswe kanye nesipuni ngokulandelana.
Lokhu kugqoka kusekelwe kumgomo wokugqokwa kwamaketanga, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha izitini. Ngenxa yalobu buchwepheshe, ukwakheka kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kuqina.
Esigabeni sokugcina, kuyadingeka ukukhipha umthungo nge-spatula futhi, uma kunesidingo, hlamba imbozo ngamanzi agobhozayo.
Isibonelo salobu buchwepheshe "obumanzi" ingcezu yomsebenzi elandelayo:
Ukukhiqiza nemithetho yokubeka itshe lokufakelwa
Njengesibonelo sokwenza itshe lokufakelwa ngezandla zethu, sifuna ukukunikeza le vidiyo yokufundisa ngezingxenye ezi-2:
Manje usungakhuluma ngemithetho yokufaka. Ngenqubo yokubeka itshe lokufakelwa, ungafaka indlela "ngokujoyina" noma ngaphandle kwabo.
Esifanekisweni sokuqala, lapho kubekwa amatshe, kugcinwa ibanga phakathi kwawo ka-1-2 cm, kwesibili - amatshe ahlanganiswe eduze komunye nomunye.
Amatshe okwakha anxande kakhulu ekwakhekeni. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza nabo, ungasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufaka izitini. Ukubeka "izinkabi" kuyindlela yokubeka isitini, lapho ibekwa khona ngomphetho omude ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, nokubeka "ukugoqa" - lapho itshe lisemaphethelweni amancanyana.
Mayelana nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezenziwe ngetshe lokufakelwa, indlela yasekuqaleni isetshenziswa kakhulu, lapho inqubo yokubeka "isipuni", umugqa ngamunye olandelayo ubekwa nomphumela othile wezitini ohlobene nowedlule.
Ngale ndlela yokugqoka, okokusetha okuqondile kwezezintambo eziseduze akuhambelani, ngaleyo ndlela kuqiniswa amandla esakhiwo
Phakathi kwezindlela ezidumile zokuhlobisa zokubekwa kwamatshe nazo zingahlukaniswa: Flemish, English and American.
Amatshe okuhlobisa awasetshenziswa kangako ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo nasekudalekeni kwezinto zokwakheka komhlaba, kepha kuklanywe ngawo. Isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwabo: i-porcelain, i-agglomerate noma usimende kakhonkolo.
Indawo engaphandle yamatshe abhekene nayo ingaphinda izici zanoma iliphi itshe lemvelo: imabula, i-limestone, isaladi ...
Ukuze umphezulu welente ubonakale ubukeka obuhle isikhathi eside, lapho ubeka itshe lokuhlobisa, kuyadingeka ukuqondiswa izincomo eziningi:
- Cabanga kusengaphambili "umdwebo" wobumbono. Ukushintshwa kobunjwa nosayizi wamatshe, okwenziwe ngokukhanya nobumnyama obumnyama, kuzonikeza indawo engaphezulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukubukeka okuhle.
- Namathela ngokuqinile kubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa. Ngokungafani namatshe asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa, amatshe okuhlobisa kufanele abekwe ngemigqa, kusukela phezulu kuya phansi. Lokhu kuzovimbela i-glue ukuthi ingangeni ngaphandle kwetshe, okunzima ukulihlanza.
- Faka isicelo sokunamathela esichazwe umakhi wetshe elibhekene. Isixazululo sokunamathela sisetshenziswa nge-spatula kokubili esisekelweni nangasohlangothini lwetshe.
Umqondo wenziwa endaweni eyisicaba, ekhanyayo. Ukuze ubambelele kangcono, isisekelo kufanele sithanyiswe ngamanzi. I-tile enamathela enamathela kumele icindezelwe ngokuqinile ngokumelene ebusweni besisekelo ngokunyakaza okunyakazayo futhi kulungiselelwe amasekhondi ambalwa. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, umugqa omude omile mpo kufanele uvikeleke.
Ngemuva kokuphothula ukubeka, ukuze itshe lokuhlobisa lihlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kungakuhle ukuthi ulimboze ngenhlabathi evikelayo noma ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi.
