Ama-orchid yi-epiphyte ahlanganiswe nezimpande kwezinye izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, azizona izidumbu futhi azithathi izinto eziwusizo ezivela ku-forophytes (izitshalo zokusingatha). Izitshalo ezisuka emndenini we-Orchid zidla kuphela amandla elanga, futhi umswakama uthola emoyeni nangemvula ngendlela yemvula nenkungu.
Ukuhlala kulezi zitshalo kubhekwa njengezindawo ezishisayo zezo zonke amazwekazi, kodwa ekhaya, lezi zimbali ezingavamile ziyakhula. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokunisela ama-orchid ekhaya embizeni, futhi sikutshele ngezindlela zokunisela abaqalayo.
Okucacile kokusebenzisa umswakama ngama-epiphytes
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo ze-epiphyte zidla umswakama ngokwezinto ezithile ezibahlukanisa nezitshalo ze-forophyte. Ngaphambi kokunisela imbali yakho exotic, udinga ukutadisha nokuqonda lokhu okucacile.
Futhi emva kwalokho ungakwazi ukuvumelanisa ukuchelela kwama-orchid, okuzobe kufana kakhulu nokusebenzisa umswakama wemvelo endle. Okucacile kusekelwe emaphethini alandelayo: 
- Izitshalo zomndeni we-Orchid zithatha umswakama ngamanani athile futhi kancane kancane. Indlela enjalo izokwenziwa ngenxa yokwakhiwa okuphumelelayo kwezimpande zembali. Uhlelo lwempande lunezinwele ezinhle ezimbozwe izicubu ezinobuthi. Ifana nesiponji, esinika amanzi okusetshenziswa.
- Endaweni yemvelo yama-orchid idla umswakama ngesikhathi semvula, inkungu, amazolo. Ngezinye izikhathi bamba amanzi athile ebusweni be-phorophyte. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko ukuthi izimpande zama-orchid zihlala zivuleka futhi azihlali zimanzi ngesisekelo esingunaphakade.
- Ukukhula kwabameleli bomndeni wakwa-Orchid ezimweni zemvelo kwenzeka ngokusho komjikelezo othize: kuqala amaqabunga kanye nenqubo yezimpande zikhula, bese kuqala isikhathi sokuqhakaza, okuvame ukuhambisana nesigaba sezulu esisebenzayo ezindaweni ezishisayo. Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho amanzi ephuza futhi elungisa ubukhulu nokubuya komswakama wokuhamba.
- Izitshalo ze-epiphytic enkambweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo zathola amandla okuphila ngezikhathi ezomile ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Bakwazi ukuqoqa amanzi emaqabunga, amahlumela, izimpande kanye ne-bulba.
- Amandla we-solar kanye nemvamisa yokunisela zihlobene. Uma ezindaweni ezibandayo zinezikhathi ezinenani elincane lezinsuku ezishisayo, i-epiphyte iyanciphisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa, futhi ngalesi sikhathi ayidingi inani elikhulu lokuswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ngezikhathi ezinjalo zobuningi ziyoba kakhulu, khona-ke inqubo yokubola yesimiso ingaqala.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuqala ukunisela ama-orchid, khetha uhlaka oluphezulu lwenhlabathi bese uhlola ukuthi limanzi kangakanani ngaphakathi.
Yimaphi amanzi okuphuza i-orchid
Kumele uqale uqonde ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo lwamanzi lokuphuza i-orchid. Ukukhula okujwayelekile kwembali ebalulekile, kuyadingeka ukhethe izici ezifanele zemvelo yasemanzini: i-asidi, ubulukhuni, izinga lokushisa.
Ubunzima bamanzi
Amanzi okunisela ama-orchid kufanele athambile, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu - ngokulinganisela kanzima. Zibeke ngokuzimela ukuthi ubulukhuni bamanzi cishe ngeke uphumelele ngenxa yobunzima obuhlukahlukene bezobuchwepheshe.
Ukuhlola okujwayelekile, sizobalula idatha elandelayo: eSt. Petersburg naseMelika yaseBaltic, amanzi athambile, eMoscow - ngokulinganayo, eKiev nasezindaweni ezizungezile - kunzima kakhulu. Okokuthi, uma ezindaweni ezicacisiwe zaseRussia amanzi awakwazi ukulandelwa ukunciphisa ubunzima, khona-ke eKiev kubalulekile nje ukwenza lokhu.
Ama-orchid anezinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobo - izicathulo ezimnyama, i-Venus, i-ludizii, i-blills, i-Wanda, i-tselogin, i-dendrobium, i-cymbidium, i-miltonia, i-cambria, i-oncidium, - ezinye zazo kuphela.Ukuze unciphise ukuqina, ungathenga i-oxalic acid, esesitokisini zezikhungo eziningi zegadi. I-1/8 tsp yengezwe ama-5 amalitha amanzi. i-asidi efakwe ngosuku. Khona-ke amanzi ashiswa (usebenzisa isihlungi noma i-gauze ehlanganiswe izikhathi eziningana).
Abanye abantu bathambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi ungasebenzisa amanzi ahlale avunyelwe ukuchelela, njengoba kulula. Iqiniso liwukuthi uketshezi olunjalo aluthola ngokuphelele usawoti wamaminerali, futhi kufanele luhlanjululwe ngamanzi okupompi.Enye indlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukuqina kuyisihlungi. Namuhla, kunezihlungi zamanzi ezikhethekile ezikhulula uketshezi olusuka ku-fungi, amabhaktheriya kanye nosawoti obunzima kakhulu.
Izinga le-asidi yamanzi kanye nokushisa okunamandla
Isici esibalulekile samanzi okunisela yi-asidi ye-pH. Ochwepheshe bathi i-pH enhle kufanele ibe ngo-5-5.5. Uma i-acidity iphezulu kakhulu, khona-ke amaconsi ambalwa kalamula kalamula angenakulungiswa kufanele afakwe kulolu ketshezi, izoba nomthelela ekunciphiseni kwawo. Ngendlela, izinga le-pH lirekhodwa kalula ngosizo lwe-litmus.
Uyazi? Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezivela emndenini we-Orchid zingaqhubeka nokujikeleza kwazo iminyaka engaba ngu-100.Ukushisa okunamandla kwamanzi okunisela akufanele kudlule + 40 ° C. Umkhawulo wokushisa ophansi kufanele ube + 30 ° ะก. Uketshezi kufanele kube nokushisa okunjalo ukuthi lapho uhlehlisa izandla zakho kuwo awuzizwa ungakhululekile.
Kunconywa kaningi kangakanani ukuchelela
Umbuzo wokuthi kuyadingeka kangakanani ukuphuzisa i-orchid phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhakaza uhlala oceliwe kakhulu kumaforamu abalimi bezimbali. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akekho ozokunika impendulo engaphenduliyo yombuzo onjalo, ngoba imvamisa yokunisela imbali exotic incike ezintweni eziningi: indlela yokutshala, umbuso wokushisa, uhlobo lwe-Orchids.
Isibonelo, i-Dendrobium, i-Cattleya ne-Odontoglassum ayithandi inhlabathi engaphezulu. Izitshalo ezinjalo zikhetha ukuqoqa amanzi ezimpandeni, amaqabunga, amahlumela futhi zikhule isikhathi eside enhlabathini eyomile.
Kodwa i-Phalaenopsis, i-Miltonia ne-Cymbidium idinga ukuphuzwa njalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okukhulayo (ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza), ngoba izimbali ezidatshulwa izidakamizwa zithola ubuhlungu obukhulu uma kungekho umswakama okwanele.
Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi ukukhanya okuhle nomoya ofudumele kukhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwembali, izinqubo ezisebenzayo ze-photosynthesis ziqalisiwe, ngakho-ke ukuchelela okunamandla kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezinjalo.
Kubalulekile! Ehlobo, ama-orchids adingeka ukuba anisele izikhathi ezingu-4-5 kaningi kunasebusika.
Indlela yokutshala nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Isibonelo, uWanda ukhula esimisweni sokumiswa, futhi ukuhlunga amahlumela awo namaqabunga kuyadingeka njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3. Lezo zimbali ezikhula enhlabathini ecebile emaseni nase-perlite (lezi zinto zigcina umswakama kahle) ziphuziswa kancane kancane (njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7, kuye ngokuthi inkathi).Izindlela ezine eziyinhloko zokunisela
Kunezindlela eziningi zokondla izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ezingekho emkhatsini womndeni we-Orchid. Sizokhuluma ngezinhloko ezine, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa abalimi basekhaya abahlala ekhaya.
"Ishazi esishisayo"
Endaweni yemvelo, abameleli bomndeni we-Orchid bavame ukuthola umswakama ngesikhathi semvula efudumele ehlobo. Yingakho izitshalo zidinga ukudala izimo eziseduze ngangokunokwenzeka emvelo.
Njalo inyanga imizuzu engu-2-3, ama-flowerpots kufanele anciphise ngaphansi kwewashi elifudumele, izinga lokushisa okungadingeki lidlule ku-40 ° C. Ekupheleni kwalesi nqubo, kubalulekile ukususa amaconsi amanzi agibele ezitsheni zamaqabunga noma izimbali. Ngalokhu ungasebenzisa i-swab yekotoni evamile.
Uyazi? EMpumalanga, abantu bathanda kakhulu isiphuzo esibizwa ngokuthi "salep." Into ethakazelisayo kunazo zonke ukuthi yenziwe ngezilimo eziyizigaxa zama-orchid.Kukhona inkolelo ethandwayo yokuthi ishazi esishisayo lingashukumisa i-orchid ukuba iqhume. Izinqubo ezintathu ezine-interval of 10 imizuzu zingaletha lesi sitshalo ukucindezeleka okunjalo okuzophoqa ama-orchids ezinkambisweni zokuzala.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi emva kokuphuza usebenzisa indlela "yokushisa eshisayo", kuyadingeka ukuba wome futhi / noma uvuselele uhlelo lwempande yembali ukuze izinqubo zokubola zingaqali. Ohlangothini oluhle lendlela yokunisela - i-leaching ezivela ezingxenyeni eziphezulu zezinsalela zomhlabathi zamanoni ezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nokucebisa izimpande nge-oxygen.
"Ukucwiliswa"
Le ndlela yokuchelela ihlanganisa ukucwiliswa okuphelele kwembiza ngembali emanzini afudumele imizuzwana engu-30. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli isitshalo oketshezi, ngaphandle kwalokho ungabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nakho.
Ngemuva kokubamba imbiza ngamasekhondi amathathu, kuthatha isikhathi esifanayo sokukhipha isisindo esiningi (sigcine emoyeni). Le ndlela yokunisela ifanele kuphela izimbali ezinempilo ezingenazo izifo.
Iseluleko somuntu siqu: indlela yokuchelela "ukucwiliswa" ingcono kakhulu kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo nokuvuna (ukuphela kwentwasahlobo, ihlobo, amaviki okuqala ekwindla). 
Ukunisela kungaba
Kumele kuqashelwe ngokushesha ukuthi kungcono ukuchelela ama-orchid ngale ndlela engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku (kungaba yinzuzo uma izimbali zitholakala ngaseceleni kwempumalanga yendlu). Ukunisela, ukuchelela kungaba ngamathuba amancane namanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile kuyadingeka.
Ukunisela ukukhiqiza phezu kwendawo yonke yomhlabathi, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iphuzu lokukhula (futhi zama ukugelela amanzi ezitsheni zamaqabunga). Ukunisela kuqhubeka kuze kube yilapho amanzi eqala ukugeleza kusuka emigodini ephansi eya epanini. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udinga ukulinda amaminithi angu-3-5 bese uphinda inqubo. Bese ukhipha amanzi amaningi ngokweqile.
Ukususa izimpande
Indlela efanayo yokutshala izitshalo ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngabanikazi bama-orchid omisiwe, okungukuthi, okukhulayo emabhuloki. Njengoba izimbali zithatha umswakama kakhulu izimpande ezomile futhi ezomile, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kancane kancane.
Ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa isibhamu se-spray esilungiselelwe "imodi" yemodi. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe njalo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-3 ekuseni. 
Indlela yokuphuza i-orchid ekhulayo
Ngezikhathi ze-orchid ezimbali kufanele ziphuze kaningi. Endaweni engokwemvelo, imvula ingase ingapheli isikhathi eside, futhi lokhu akulimazi isitshalo nhlobo, ngoba zivumelaniswe nezinqubo ezinjalo.
Kodwa uma ufuna isimenywa esiyingqayizivele ukuze sikujabulise ngenkathi ehle kakhulu yezimbali, ukuchelela kufanele kwandiswe izikhathi ezingu-1.5-2. Ngakho-ke, uma ngokuvamile ukuchelela kwenziwa njengenhlabathi eyomile, khona-ke i-orchid ekhulayo kufanele iphuze kakhulu njalo kwezinsuku ezingu-3-4.
Kubalulekile! Kulula kakhulu ukucacisa isimo sokuphumula se-orchid: i-flower esebenzayo inezimpande eziluhlaza, kuyilapho ubuthongo bumhlophe, bumbozwe ama-velamen.Uma inqubo yezimbali ivela ehlobo, kufanele kube khona umthetho owodwa: ukuqina kokunisela kumele kwandiswe ngokunisela ngamunye. Kulesi simo, ibhodlela kufanele ligcinwe eceleni kwelanga. Ebusika, izimbali zivela kancane, kodwa uma kwenzeka, kubalulekile ukwengeza ukugqoka okuphezulu okunye emanzini okunisela.
Umehluko ekutheni ubusika nehlobo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukukhula i-Phalaenopsis orchid ekhaya, udinga ukuthola ukuthi ungakanani ukuphuza lesi sitshalo esingavamile ebusika nasehlobo. Masinyane kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi "sokushisa isikhathi" izinga lokushisa ketshezi lokunisela akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-35 ° C.
Uma indawo lapho imbali igcinwa khona kubanda kakhulu, khona-ke iphunga kufanele lifakwe ngaphansi kwebhodlela. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, okuvame ukuwa ngenkathi yasebusika, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe (ukuchelela kwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngenyanga). Imikhawulo isuswa kuphela uma kuvela izimbali zesitshalo esiyingqayizivele.
Ehlobo, lapho isitshalo sakhula futhi sikhula, ukuchelela kwenziwa kaningi kakhulu. Kodwa isigaba esibalulekile yisikhathi lapho imbali ishiya isimo sokuphumula. Ngentwasahlobo, ukuvama nokuqina kokunisela kumele kwandiswe kancane kancane.
Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, imbali kufanele ibekwe endaweni enelanga, ngoba izinqubo ze-photosynthesis ezisebenzayo ziqala. Ekwindla, kubalulekile ukunciphisa kancane kancane ukuchelela nokulungisa i-orchid ukuze uthole ukuphumula.
Amaphutha okuphuza avamile
Ngokuvamile, amaphutha ekutheni angaholela ekutheni i-orchid ayiqhakazi isikhathi eside noma isitshalo sifa nje. Ngezansi sinikeza amaphutha avamile kakhulu abalimi be-amateur, ukuze ungawavumeli ukuba banakekele imbali yakho:
- Ngemuva kokunisela okunzima, abantu abaningi bakhohlwa ukukhipha amanzi avela kuma-pallets. Lephutha liholela ekutheni uketshezi luhlala njalo engxenyeni engezansi yenqubo yezimpande, futhi njengoba luvele lukhuphuke isikhathi eside, izinqubo zokubola ziqala ngokushesha. Kukhona ukungalingani ekusatshalaliseni kohlobo lwamanzi ezindaweni ezingezansi nezingenhla zesitshalo: amahlumela, amaqabunga kanye nengxenye engenhla yezimpande zidinga umswakama, ingxenye engezansi yezinsizi ihlangabezana nokunciphisa umswakama.
Uyazi? E-Singapore, kune-Orchid National Park. Eqoqweni lakhe kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 eziyizinkulungwane zalezi zitshalo ezingavamile, futhi lokhu kubhalwe emhlabeni wonke.
- Ngokuvame kakhulu, ama-orchid athengiswa ndawonye ne-wet holding ingxenye engabonakali. Yenzelwe ukugcina umswakama, uma ukuchelela kungavamile. Kodwa njengoba uzokhathalela ngokucophelela isitshalo sakho, ukhohlwa ngengxenye enamandla yamanzi (ephakathi kwesistimu yempande futhi iqukethe i-moss noma i-raber i-raber), ungalimaza ngokungafanele i-orchid. I-Moss noma i-Foam izobamba umswakama isikhathi eside, futhi ukuchelela kuyoba njalo. Yonke into izoholela ekutheni lesi sitshalo sizofa ngenxa yokudlulela komswakama. Yingakho emva kokuthenga imbali kufanele ifakwe kabusha.
- Ukufiphala okuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni kwengxenye enkulu yamahlamvu. Uma uphefaza imbali nsuku zonke, umswakama uzothola endaweni yokukhula futhi kancane kancane ubhubhise amaseli. Izenzo ezinjalo azamukeleki, ngakho ukupomfaza akukwenziwe okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, futhi emva kwenqubo ngayinye yokumisa, ibhodlela lifakwe endaweni enelanga yokumisa okuhle.
Manje uyazi ukuthi kunesidingo kangakanani ukuphuza ama-orchid ekhaya ehlobo nasebusika ukuze bangafi futhi bazinike njalo izimbali ezijulile. Khumbula ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni isivakashi esishisayo ukudala izimo eziseduze nalabo emahlathi ashisayo aseMelika nase-Asia.
