Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziningi zamapheya okuvuthwa kwasebusika abanezimfanelo ezahlukene zokunambitheka ziye zakhiwa. Omunye wabo yizinhlobonhlobo "Kyrgyz Winter", ezingakhula ezimweni ezibandayo. Noma kunjalo, ukuthola isivuno esicebile, kumele ulandele imithetho eminingi yokutshala nokunakekelwa komuthi ngezikhathi ezithile.
Umlando we-Inference
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-pear "Kyrgyz Winter" zenzelwe izifunda lapho izimo zezulu zokutshala izihlahla zezithelo zinzima. Yatholakala ngabalimi baseKyrgyz ngokuwela izinhlobo ezimbili: "Forest Beauty" ne "Winter Bere".
Uyazi? Mayelana ne-peyari kwaziwa iminyaka engu-1000 BC. EYurophu, i-pear yaqala ukusabalalisa kakhulu ngekhulu le-XIX, futhi yalethwa eKiev evela eByzantium.
Incazelo kanye nezici ezihlukile ezihlukahlukene
Lapho kuchaza izinhlobo eziphakathi kwamapheya "Kyrgyz Winter" singasho ukuthi inzuzo yayo enkulu yikhono lokukhula ezindaweni ezinezimo ezimbi zezulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo unike isivuno esikhulu.
Izinkuni
Izinhlobo zemithi "Kyrgyz Winter" ibonakala ngezici ezilandelayo:
- ubukhulu obuphakathi ne-pyramidal, hhayi isimo somqhele esihlanganisiwe; ekwindla kuveza amahlamvu;
- Ihlanganiswa esiphambanweni esiphakathi se-quince futhi inesisindo se-root branched phakathi komhlaba;
- amaqabunga ayesimo se-oval, ahlangene kancane futhi ekhomba ekugcineni, ngaphandle kombala uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwangaphakathi kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- kuye ngezimo zezulu zokutshala, izimbali zivela ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Izimbali zimhlophe, ziqhumisa kakhulu, zifika kumamitha amathathu ububanzi, ezihlanganiswe emabhulashini ezivela ezicucu ezintathu ukuya kwezingu-9;
- ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izithelo zokuqala, amagatsha kumele ahlanganiswe ngamaphesenti angama-60 futhi agcinwe kuze kube yilapho bona ngokwabo bathatha isikhundla esifanele;
- izinhlobonhlobo ziyakhulela, kepha ukuthola impova engcono ukutshala izihlahla eziningana eziseduze;
- ayifuni lapho iqhwa liqinile ngokwanele;
- izithelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-30, izithelo zibekwa kolchatkah;
- izihlahla azithintekile ukukhwabanisa, ukushisa okushisayo nomdlavuza webhaktheriya;
- ikhula kahle emaphakathini afanelekayo.
Izithelo
Isici:
- izithelo ezinkulu, ezilinganiselwa ku-250 amagremu;
- ukuma oblong-rounded;
- isikhumba sihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okugcwele, umbala ushintsho ophuzi ophuzi obomvu obomvu kuzozonke izithelo;
- i-pulp i-ayisikhilimu enemibala ephuzi, enesisindo, e-granular nge-tart ne-taste enhle;
- amapheya avuthwe ngo-Okthoba;
- izithelo zokubekezelela izithelo futhi zingagcinwa esiqandisini kuze kuphakathi nonyaka.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthole izithelo eziphezulu, izinhlobo zezinyoni zasebusika kumele zivuthwe izinsuku ezingu-90 ekushiseni okungekho ngaphezu kuka-10 ° C.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo
Izithombo ze-varietal zingcono kakhulu ezithengwa ezikhungweni noma ezitolo ezikhethekile. Kulokhu, udinga ukunaka:
- ukubukeka - ihlanzekile ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso zokuzithemba. Qiniseka ukuthi unamathisela ilebula ebonisa uhlobo nencazelo yendawo ekhulayo;
- uhlelo lwempande - Isihlahla kufanele sibe nezimpande eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko neziyi-3 ezengeziwe ngobude okungenani ngamamitha angu-0.3. Zibukeka zikhanya, ngaphandle kokubola nokukhula okuhlukahlukene.
Ukukhetha indawo efanele
Njengoba lezi zithaya ziyingxenye yokuvuthwa kokuqala, kuhle ukuwasebenzisa ukudala okuthiwa "insimu enkulu yekhaya". 
Izidingo zendawo lapho izophulwa khona:
- isayithi likhanyiswa ilanga - nakuba ipeyari ingakhula emthunzini obala, kodwa ngeke ithwale izithelo lapho;
- utshale kangcono emagqumeni nasemithambekeni, ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, njengoba izimpande zomuthi zingafinyelela emamitha ayisishiyagalombili;
- ungqimba oluvundile lomhlabathi, olunezinsipho ezincane ngaphansi. Ikhasi likhula kabi emhlabathini onzima futhi onesihlabathi;
- isayithi kumele ivikelwe emimoyeni ekhona;
- Uma kunokwenzeka, khetha isayithi lokufika kusayithi kusuka entshonalanga noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Ukulungiselela isayithi
Ngaphambi kokutshala amapheya, kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela, okuzosiza izithombo ukuba zithole izimpande endaweni entsha. 
Zinezigaba eziningana:
- ngoba umgodi wokutshala ekwindla ulungiselelwa inyanga, futhi kuze kube entwasahlobo - kusukela ekuwa. Ubukhulu bayo buxhomeke eneminyaka yobudala - izinyanga zidinga ukujula kufika kumamitha angu-0.5, abaneminyaka emibili ubudala kuya ku-0.7 wamamitha. Ububanzi bomgodi kufanele bukhululekile indawo yomsuka;
- Isigxobo sokhuni siqhutshwa phakathi, sihamba ngenhla ngomhlaba okungenani ngamamitha angu-0.5. Uyoba ukusekelwa kwe-sapling yesikhathi esizayo;
- Izitshalo zihanjiswa phansi - i-ammonium nitrate ne-superphosphate kuze kube ngamakhilogremu amabili inani (uma umanyolo usegranules, udinga ukuthatha i-kilogram eyodwa). Siyakhumbula indaba ephilayo - angabi ngaphezu kuka-10 kilogram. Uma umgodi ulungiselelwe enhlabathini enhlabathini, kufanele wenze ibhakede lesigamu se-peat;
- Amaphesenti angama-60 ephezulu yinhlabathi evundile, ukuze izimpande zingathintana namanyolo.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo akufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphezu kokujwayelekile, njengoba ukudlula ngokweqile kungabangela izimpande zivutha futhi izithombo zizofa.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Kungcono ukwenza le nqubo ndawonye - umuntu ugcina isiteji sibukeka, kanti enye yenza yonke imisebenzi. Inqubo yokutshala amapheya kanje:
- Esikhathini esingaphansi kwemifino izimpande eziyisisekelo zidliwa nge-pruner ebukhali futhi zibhaliswe emaminithini ambalwa kwisisombululo sezolisi esisetshenziselwa ukungenisa imfucuza okuhle;
- Phakathi nendawo yomgodi, kutholakala isigundane esincane, lapho kusetshenzwa khona isithombo esilungisiwe, okungenzeka sisuka enyakatho yenkxaso emisiwe;
- Izimpande zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emgodini ngaphandle kokugoba kanye nokwahlukana, okuqondiswa phansi;
- Ngokucophelela ithululelwe emigqeni yensimu elungiselelwe, isilula kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngamunye enezela isithombo sagubha, ukugcina isikhundla esiqondile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ususe umoya ophumela emoyeni. Indawo yokugoma kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha angu-4 ngaphezu komhlaba;
- Gcwalisa kakhulu umgodi ngamanzi ukuze uqede ngokuphelele inhlabathi. Uma lo muthi uhlala phansi, futhi impande yentamo iwela ezingeni lomhlabathi. Lona ngumgomo wokutshala okufanele;
- Ukudubula kwenziwa ngokuphakama kufika kumamitha angu-0.8 ukuze wenze umqhele onenhliziyo ekhule kahle. Uma kukhona amahlumela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-50, asuswe ngokuphelele;
- Umuthi uboshwe ekusekelweni, futhi isihlahla somuthi kufanele sihlanganiswe ukuze silondoloze umswakama.
Kubalulekile! Uma izimpande zinqunywe ngokungalungile ngaphambi kokutshala, umuthi uzolimaza isikhathi eside futhi uthathe izimpande endaweni entsha. Ngonyaka owodwa wezithombo, izimpande eziyinhloko ziyanqunywa ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili, i-biennial kuya ubukhulu bama-4mitha. Le nqubo ivumela izimpande ukuba zithole ngokushesha amanzi nezakhi.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Noma ubani okhulayo izihlahla ze-Kyrgyz Winter Winter esakhiweni mhlawumbe ufuna ukukhiqiza isivuno esicebile. Umsebenzi wonyaka wonyaka kufanele ube:
- ekunakekelweni kwenhlabathi;
- ngokufaka umquba wokuphefumula ngezikhathi ezithile;
- emisebenzini yokuvimbela;
- ekwakheni umqhele wezihlahla;
- uzilungiselela ubusika.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Njengoba leli peyari kunezihlobo ezahlukene zasebusika, akusidingi amanzi amaningi, kepha isomiso asizuzi.
Ukuphuza izihlahla ezincane kuyadingeka njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-8-10, uthele ama-15 amalitha amanzi ngaphansi komsuka. Ukuze izitshalo ezindala, le nqubo yenziwa kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngokungezelelwa ku-30 amalitha amanzi emgodini. Lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa, ukuchelela ukuyeka ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Lezi zenzo zenziwa kusihlwa, nangosuku olulandelayo, ukuze inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ingabhidli, kufanele ikhululiwe. Izinqubo ezinjalo azivuli kuphela ukufinyelela kwe-oksijeni ohlelweni lwempande, kodwa futhi zikuvumela ukuba ususe ukhula oluvela emithini yomuthi.
Zijwayeze ngokutshalwa kwezilimo zemifino: Otradnenskaya, Lada, Fairy Tale, Veles, Rogneda, Nika, Talgar Beauty, Duchesha, Petrovskaya, Severyanka, Avgustovskaya amazolo, uKokin, uBryansk Ubuhle, iThumbelina, Hera, Izintandokazi zikaKlapp, iMarble, Ububele.
Ukuvimbela umswakama ukuba ungabikho masinyane emhlabathini, umhlabathi we-mulching usetshenziselwa ukuwugcina. Njenge-mulch, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi ukwaziswa, okufana ne-peat noma i-sawdust, ukubeka kukho ungqimba lwamamitha angu-10.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukukhula okuhle kanye nomuthi we-fruiting kudinga ngempela umanyolo. 
Uma leli qabunga liqala ukuphenduka, izithelo zaqala ukuwa, kanti leli peyari layeka ukukhula - livele lisho i-nitrogen. I-bud bud izakhiwa kahle, bese-ke, ngokulandelana, azikho amapheya - umuthi awunayo i-phosphorus. Ukukhula kwesibalo saminyaka yonke okungalungile - i-potassium yilezi zinto.
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ezincane zondliwa kuphela nge-nitrogen fertilizer, futhi zitshala izithombo iminyaka emibili azidingi ukondla okwengeziwe.Umanyolo kudingeka:
- Ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-urea edingekayo kumele iphathwe ngesisombululo se-urea. Uma ngesizathu esithile lokhu kungakenziwa, kudingekile ukuthi ufake umanyolo we-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-urea (ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi, ama-gramu angu-600 e-substance), i-saltpeter (ama-gramu angama-30 kumitha ngamunye we-square) noma isisombululo se-inkukhu yomquba (1:20);
- ngemuva kokucubungula ngoMeyi udaba oluphilayo lufakwa emhlabathini kumamitha angu-10 ububanzi. Ungathatha isisombululo se-nitroammofoski ngesilinganiso se-1: 200 - 30 amalitha ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Ukudla okunjalo kuzothuthukisa isikhathi sokukhula futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lezithelo zesikhathi esizayo.
- ekupheleni kukaJuni, ukwelashwa kwama-foliar nama-fertilizer aqukethe i-nitrogen kuyadingeka;
- ngo-Julayi, enye yokwelashwa okunjalo, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15 zokuthenga izihlahla, izithasiselo ze-phosphorus-potassium zingcwatshwa emhlabathini ozungeza isiqu;
- kuze kube yingxenye yesibili kaSeptemba, ungaphambanisa isixazululo se-urea (njengentwasahlobo emthini ongenalutho). Kuwe, kuphela umanyolo wamaminerali wamanzi asetshenziswayo enhlabathini. Isibonelo sesisombululo yisipuni se-potassium chloride nezinkezo ezimbili ze-superphosphate ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Izitshalo ezincane zidla izinkuni zokhuni ukumba ngamanani ayi-130 amagremu ngayinye imitha yendawo.
Ukuphalaza okuvimbelayo
Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, ukuthungula izifo nokuvusa izinambuzane kuhlangene nokudla kokuqala, okwenziwe esihlahleni esingenalutho. Uma izinso zivuvukala, i-carbamide ingashisa, futhi izofa - kungcono ukusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo ezilungiselelwe njengeFitoverma, Akarina nabanye. Ukwandisa ukumelana kwesihlahla kuze kube yizici ezimbi, imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokupuniza nge-liquid "iZircon" noma "Ecoberin".
Ekubeni, izihlahla zidinga ukuvikelwa ezimpungeni zamabhungane, ezifihla emakhazeni emifantwini emagqumeni angenalutho emhlabathini. Izitshalo nomhlabathi ozungeze iziqu zifakwe ngesixazululo se "Nitrofen" noma ingxenye eyodwa yephesenti yeBordeaux. Ekusentwasahlobo nasekwindla, ukugcoba okujwayelekile kwemithi yesihlahla esinomsila kuyimpoqo.
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Ukuvuna umqhele ngokuma kwipiramidi kubhekwa njengento elula kakhulu. Leli fomu kumele lenziwe, kusukela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwesitshalo. 
Lezi zinqubo zenziwa kanje:
- emva kokutshala izithombo ukunquma amagatsha omzimba, bonke abanye basuswa. Umqhubi oyinhloko uthathwa kwesine-yesine ubude futhi ahlanza kahle izinqubo ngaphansi kwesigaba sokuqala samagatsha;
- ngonyaka wesibili entwasahlobo, isihlahla sinqunywe ngamasentimitha angama-20, futhi amagatsha omzimba amatshe ayinqunyiwe angaphezu kwamamentimitha angu-5 futhi awakhulume ngentambo, ukuze i-angle yokuthambekela ibe yi-60 °. Kufanele kube khona amahlumela amabili athelayo emagatsheni amakhulu;
- zonke izintwasahlobo, ukusika izihlahla zamanzi kuhlanzekile, ukususa amagatsha aphikisanayo akhula ngaphakathi ngaphakathi komqhele, ehlangene futhi ephukile. Ukukhula konyaka odlule kunqunywe ku-1/3 ubude;
- ekwindla, futhi banquma amagatsha omile, aphukile futhi aqinile. Izigaba ezinkulu ziphathwa ngokushesha nge-pitch pitch.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ukusika izihlahla eziphakathi kwamatshe kufanele kusetshenziswe isiteji, ngoba amagatsha ezitshalo aphelile kakhulu futhi aphule ngokushesha.
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
Njengoba lezi zinhlobo eziphakathi kwe-pear ziphikisana ne-frost, izihlahla azidingi indawo yokuhlala yasebusika, kodwa amagxolo ezihlahla kukhona ukudla kwamagundane namahabhu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulondoloze, kubalulekile ukubopha isiqu kuya ekuphakameni kwemitha engama-1 nge-cordon enesisindo noma indwangu, eyayigwetshwe ngaphambili nge-rodent deterrent. 
Izitshalo ezincane kumele ziphoqelele ukuba zibeke amagatsha aqinile futhi zibophe ngokuqinile ukugqoka, kuyoba ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa hhayi kuphela esilo, kodwa nakusukela esiqhingini. I-clod yodaka ezungeze isiqu kumele ihlotshwe noma ihlanjululwe ungqimba lwamamitha angu-15. Ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa, udinga ukuyihlobisa eduze kwamagquma ukudala i-snowdrift.
Uyazi? Izakhiwo zokuphulukisa zamapheya zaziwa eminyakeni engu-5 000 eyedlule futhi manje zisetshenziselwa kakhulu imithi yendabuko ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, ngokuhlungu kwesisu, njenge-diuretic.
Eyaziwa ngamapheya anjalo njenge "Kyrgyz Winter", ungatshala ngokuphepha lokhu okuhlukahlukene kusayithi lakho. Imithi ngeke ibangele ukuhlupheka okukhulu ukunakekelwa kwenkathi. Uma wenza umanyolo ngesikhathi, amanzi, wenze ukwelashwa okuvimbela kusuka izinambuzane, isivuno esikhulu siqinisekiswa. Njengoba ithini lamapheya ligcinwe kahle, uzothola izithelo ezintsha etafuleni kuze kube phakathi no-spring.
