Izihlahla zemifino zithandwa kakhulu. Abayithathi isikhala esikhulu, ngakho-ke bayatshala kahle ezindaweni ezincane. Futhi, izihlahla ezincane zama-apula zikulungele ukunakekelwa nokuqoqa izithelo. Ukuvuna kwabo akubi nakakhulu kunezihlahla ezide. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apple esineziqhingi "Wonderful".
Umlando we-Inference
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenziwe yi-A.M. UMazunin, osebenza e-Chelyabinsk Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture kanye namaPatato. Ngokuwela i-Eliza Ratke edala ubudala kanye ne-Ural North x 11-20-12 hybrid, kuye kwaveliswa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezinamagqabhagqabhagqabha, ezithela izithelo kulo lonke ihlobo. Lezi zinhlobo zifanelekile ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu esingathandeki kakhulu.
Uyazi? Ezweni kunezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7 zama-apula. Kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziyi-100 ezidayiswayo, kanti ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa kanye nezinhloso zobuchwepheshe.
Incazelo kanye nezici ezihlukile ezihlukahlukene
Cabanga incazelo yezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-apula "Wonderful".
Izihlahla
Umuthi uphansi. Ku-rootstocks encane, ikhula kuze kube ngu-150 cm, futhi ku-high-growth ones - kuze kufike ku-200-250 cm. I-crone iyinkulu, isakazeka, futhi iyafinyelela emhlabathini. Amagatsha abuhlaza obumnyama. Bangakwazi ukuhamba emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-apula amakhulu.
Izithelo
Ama-apula amancane, anesisindo sika-140-200 g. Ajikeleze, ahlelwe kancane, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imiphongolo ingaba nemnandi, imivimbo ebomvu. Inyama iyamanzi, ifakwe kahle. Ukunambitheka kwama-apula okukhulunywe ngawo kumnandi, kumuncu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjenge "Bratchud" kanye ne "Currency" zingabhekiswa emthini we-apple wesihlahla.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Izithombo zekhwalithi eziphezulu zithengwa kangcono ku-nursery eqinisekisiwe. Kodwa uma kungenjalo kungenzeka, ngakho-ke uma ukhetha izinto zokutshala, ezinye izici kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze zingangqubuzana nesithombo esifisayo nesendle:
- esitokisini esincane kakhulu kufanele kube ukukhanya okucacile phakathi kwempande yentamo nesiqu;
- Umswakama oneminyaka emibili ubudala kufanele ube nokuhlelwa kwamagatsha okungenani okungenani ama-4, futhi ukuphakama kwe-trunk akumele kube ngaphezu kuka-0.5m. Inyoni yasendle inamagatsha amaningi ngaphandle kwamaqabunga;
- izimpande zezihlahla ze-apple ezinamahlathi ezincane nosayizi wokunwebeka, nasendle - i-taproot.
Kubalulekile! Emva kokuthenga izinto zokutshala, izimpande zalo kufanele zihlanganiswe ngezinto ezimanzi - ngeke zime futhi ngeke zihlupheke ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Ukukhetha indawo kusayithi
Ibanga elicatshangelwayo likhetha izindawo ezise elangeni noma elincane. Izinhlobonhlobo zizwela ukumile emhlabathini, njengoba izimpande ziseduze, ngakho-ke indawo kufanele ivikelwe emimoyeni. Ebusika, ngenxa yezingqungquthela, iqhwa liyabhidliza, futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwalo kokuhlwanyela kungabanda. Umuthi ukhula kahle ezindaweni eziphansi, emithambekeni nasezindaweni eziseduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Umhlabathi ongcono kakhulu ugobile noma unesihlabathi, ovundile, ophefumulayo kanye nomanzi.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Iningi lezimpande ze-apula elithi "Wonderful" liyingqimba engenhla yenhlabathi, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhethile mayelana nokuzala kwezwe. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi kumele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Cishe u-10 kg we-humus noma umquba obolile futhi 20 g we-potash nama-phosphorus umquba kufanele usetshenziswe ngamamitha ayi-1 square ukumba. Uma inhlabathi isindayo, engeza isihlabathi noma i-peat, futhi uma i-acidic - engeza i-lime.
Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Imithi ingahlwanyelwa entwasahlobo: esikhathini esilandelayo emva kokususwa komhlabathi nangaphambi kokuqala kokuphumula. Futhi, i-apula ingahlwanyelwa ekwindla: Kunconywa ukuba uqale kusukela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba bese uqeda inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kweqhwa.
Kubalulekile! Into esemqoka akufanele iphuze ngezinsuku zokufika, njengoba lokhu kuphazamisa kakhulu ukusinda kwezihlahla.Inqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- Uma kunezinhlobo eziningana zezihlahla ezitshaliwe, izitshalo kumele zibhekwe okungenani ngamamitha amathathu eceleni. Ukujula kwabo kufanele kube ngu-50 cm, nobubanzi - 70 cm.
- Emgodini ngamunye wathela ibhakede lamanzi.
- Umhlaba owomile kufanele uxubane nomquba futhi uhlanganiswe nesilayidi ngezansi.
- Khona-ke isitshalo sisungulwe egqumeni, izimpande zalo ziqedile.
- Indawo yokugoma kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha amabili ukusuka emhlabathini.
- I-sapling ilele emhlabeni osele kanye nenqama.
- Izinhlangothi zenziwe nge-trunk ukuze amanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela engasakazeki.
- Izihlahla ziyanisela ngamabhakede amanzi ngayinye.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukugcina yonke imithetho yokutshala, ungaqiniseka ukuthi umuthi uzothatha izimpande. Kodwa ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okusezingeni eliphezulu kwe-apula "Wonderful".
Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo nokufunda mayelana nama-apula omisiwe neqhwa.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Izimpande zomuthi zisezingeni elingenhla lomhlabathi, futhi zimile ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi njalo uchithe isitshalo ngesomiso. Eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokufika, kunconywa ukuthi unamanzi njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-7. Ngemuva kwenqubo ngayinye, umhlaba osesigungwini esiseduzane kufanele ukhululiwe ukuze kungabikho ukwakhiwa komhlaba futhi umoya ungene ezimpandeni. Sidinga futhi ukufeza isiliva emthini njengoba kuvela ukhula. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama emhlabathini, ungakwazi ukugcoba indawo ejikeleze i-trunk peat noma i-humus.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Izimpande ze-apula "Zimangalisa" zincane, kanti umuthi uletha izithelo eziningi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukondla i-apula ngesixazululo se-mullein noma i-droppings yenkukhu, usebenzisa ibhakede kwisitshalo ngasinye. Ukugqoka amaminerali okuncintisana kwenziwa nge-apple izihlahla ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, u-40 g we-umanyolo uphelelwa ibhakede lamanzi. Ehlobo, ukudla okunomsoco kungenziwa - amaqabunga ahlanjululwa kusuka ezinhlangothini zombili nesisombululo sezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe esimweni esomile ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Umphumela omuhle uzoba ngemva kokufafaza umuthi nge-urea. Into esemqoka - ukwenza isisombululo esingashintshi amaqabunga. Ekwindla, kunconywa ukuba ukondle izihlahla ngamanyolo, okufaka i-potassium ne-phosphorus. I-nitrogen ingcono ukuyiyeka, ngoba ivumela amagatsha amasha ukuba akhule, futhi lokhu kuphuza ukulungiswa kwesihlahla ebusika.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Kulezi zinambuzane nezifo ezifakwe emangcwabeni, i-apula kufanele ifakwe nge-Bordeaux liquid noma i-Nitrafen. Inqubo ituswa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivule. Ngenhloso efanayo, ungasebenzisa isixazululo se-7% se-urea. Into eyinhloko ukufeza ukucubungula ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi. Uma wenza lokhu kamuva, ungashisa izinso, esezivele zivula. Ekwindla, ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga ewile phansi, i-prophylaxis kufanele isetshenziswe ngokusebenzisa i-Bordeaux liquid noma i-Nitrafen.
Uyazi? I-apula entsha ayishintshi emanzini, ngoba ingxenye yesine yobuningi bayo yomoya.
Ukudubula
Ukuvuna okucebile kulindeleke kuphela uma kwenzeka ukwakhiwa komqhele oqondile. Into eyinhloko ukuthi umuthi ukhule ngokufanayo kuzo zonke izinkomba. Akufanele kube nezindawo ezingenalutho, kanye nokuqina. Ukukhipha ama-apple "Wonderful" kunconywa kabili ngonyaka. Ukudubula kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume ijusi. Inqubo ukukhipha isifo, ukulimala nokukhula ngaphakathi kwamahlumela. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, isihlahla kufanele senze umqhele. Ukwenza lokhu, usike ku-0.5m, ukhiphe izinso ezibhekene ne-inoculation.
Ekupheleni konyaka, umuthi we-apula uzoba namahlumela amahlanu. Ukukhula ngokuqondile phezulu kakhulu kuzoqhubeka kube yisiqondiso. Eminyakeni elandelayo, sinqunywe ngamamitha angu-0.2, ngenkathi sinqunywa izinso eziphambene nokusika konyaka odlule. Isihlahla sama-apula omdala kufanele sibe mncane ngaphandle kwamahlumela. Ukuze amagatsha athela izithelo akhule ngokuzungezile, kufanele ahlukaniswe ekukhuleni okuqondiswe phansi. Ekwindla, ukusika kwesibili. Phakathi nenqubo, kubalulekile ukususa amagatsha abonakalisiwe, aphukile, alahlekile nalabo abakhula ngendlela engafanele.
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
Njengoba izimpande ze-apula "Zimangalisa" zitholakala kalula, zingabanda ebusika. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, kubalulekile ukumboza isiyingi se-okolostvolny nama-humus noma umquba, bese ubeka amagatsha e-spruce. Ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa, kunconywa ukuthi ususe amagatsha ekhanda, futhi udwebe i-snowdrift ezungeze i-apple-tree. Izinambuzane ezisebenzayo kakhulu ze-apula ziyizigundane nezinselo. Bethandwa emagqumeni emithi. Ungakwazi ukuvikela i-apula ngomsizi wamagatsha ase-fir. Kumele ziboshwe esitsheni ukuze izinaliti zibukeke phansi. Ungasebenzisa futhi izinto zokwehla, izinsimbi zensimbi, i-fiberglass. Ukumboza impahla udinga ukugoqa isiqu, ukujulisa u-10-20 cm emhlabathini, njengoba amagundane ama-nimble angenza kalula ukumba. Abanye basebenzisa izintambo ze-nylon. Kufanele bakhonjwe phezulu emgqonyeni bese begcwala i-diesel noma i-diesel fuel.
Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukusebenzisa i-sawdust ehlanganiswe ne-creolin ukuvikela emagundeni - badinga ukufaka isikhwama somuthi wesihlahla. AmaHares anamahloni kakhulu, ngakho-ke akwanele ukubopha izikhwama ezimnyama emagatsheni. Isilwane siyoyesaba "unkosikazi omnyama" onjalo futhi ngeke ifike eduze kwesihlahla se-apula. Uma izinhlamvu ziqine, kufanele ufake isixhumanisi se-chain eduze ne-trunk noma ufake ibhakede elidala elibanjelwe ngaphandle kwalo, usika udonga. Uma unikeza "i-apula" yomuthi we-apula ngokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, nakanjani ngizokubonga ngokuvuna okucebile.
