Iphakathi kweyinye yezihlahla zezithelo ezivame kakhulu, kanti izithelo eziphakathi kwezilwane ziyasetshenziswa kokubili ukusetshenziswa kokusha kanye nokwenza i-jam, i-compotes, izithelo ezomisiwe nezinye izitsha zokupheka okumnandi.
Ngaphezu kokunambitheka okukhulu, i-pear nayo inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi, ngakho-ke ensimini ngayinye kufanele ikhule okungenani elilodwa eliphakathi kwethi.
Kule ngqikithi sizoxoxa ngepeyari "INgqungquthela", cabangela incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwesithelo, kanye nezici zokutshala nokunakekela isitshalo.
Umlando wokuzala
Ikhonteli "Ingqungquthela" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuzalanisa isiNgisi. Kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaziwumphumela wokuvundiswa kwamahhala "uDeon Leclerc de Laval" engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XIX.
Unyaka we-1895 ugubha lapho kuqhutshwa iNgqungquthela YaseBrithani Kazwelonke ngokulimala kwamapheya. Yilapho lapho lezi zihlukahlukene zaphawulwa, futhi ngenxa yalesi senzakalo leli peyari lalinalo igama layo.
Incazelo kanye nezici ezihlukile ezihlukahlukene
"Ingqungquthela" iyintandokazi ehlukahlukene ekwindla futhi inezici ezihlukile ezihlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo zamapheya, ngakho-ke, sizocubungula incazelo eningiliziwe yezihlahla nezithelo. 
Izinkuni
Izinhlobo zemithi zinamandla okukhula okungafani noma ahlukene ngamandla. Umuthi unomqhele obanzi, obanzi, we-pyramidal, owuhlaza kahle.
Umuthi omdala ufinyelela ukuphakama okungenani ngamamitha angu-5. Ingxenye ehlumela isitshalo ibonakala ngamapuleti ashisayo, ahlambulukile.
Entwasahlobo, amaqabunga ahlukaniswa yi-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi esiseduze ekwindla - afaka amathoni aluhlaza okomnyama. Izihlahla zomsundu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-inflorescences iqoqwe ngamaqembu amancane. I-Blossom inomthunzi omhlophe futhi obomvana futhi uphunga kahle. 
Izithelo
Izithelo zepeyari ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu obukhulu, ujusi kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi. I-pear eyodwa inesisindo esingaba ngu-150 g ngesilinganiso. Izithelo zinejamo elinjengobhodlela elithandwayo.
Amapheya afakwe ngesikhumba esincane, esinomsoco, esinomzimba ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuvamile, ngezithelo ezisebusuku obuseduze isikhathi eside, izindawo ezibomvu zisehlangothini olulodwa.
Bheka izinhlobo ezinjalo zamapheya njenge-"Century", "uBryansk Beauty", "Honey", "Rossoshanskaya dessert", "Hera", "Krasulya", "Otradnenskaya", "Rogneda", "Fairytale", "Duchess", " Lada. "Inyama inombala ophuzi, ocebile noma obomvana, isakhiwo samafutha, iphunga elimnandi nelinhlamvu elihle.
Pear "Conference" akuyona nje izithelo ezihlwabusayo, kodwa futhi iyasiza kakhulu. Icebile ku-citric, malic, i-oxalic acid, ejwayelekile yokugaya izinqubo. Iqukethe amavithamini A, B, C. Izithelo nazo zicebile iodini, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ithusi, i-phosphorus, insimbi ne-zinc. 
Isithelo sinomthelela omkhulu we-fructose futhi sezingeni elingaphansi kwe-glucose nama-calories aphansi, ngakho-ke iNkomfa inconywa ukuthi isebenzise i-pear ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kwamaphakethe, ngokukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela.
Izithelo zinomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokwanda kwe-potassium.
Uyazi? Abalingisi basolwandle baseGrisi lasendulo basebenzisa ipeyari ngesikhathi sokuhamba kade, bebheka ukwelashwa kwezilwandle.Ngenxa yokunyuka kokuqukethwe kwamakhemikhali e-organic, izinqubo zokugaya, ukugaya umzimba, ukugqugquzelwa kwesibindi nokusebenza kwezinso kuthuthukiswa.
Ngokuphathelene nokulimala ekusetshenzisweni, akusekho, into esemqoka ukucabangela izici zomzimba wakho futhi ungadli ngaphezulu kwamapheya amabili ngosuku.
Akukona ukuthi kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izithelo eziluhlaza uma kwenzeka isifo segciwane lesisu, ikakhulukazi ngesilonda esiswini. 
Ukucasuka kwe-mucosa emathunjini kungase kwenzeke uma isithelo sokuzila sidliwa. Kuvinjelwe ukuphuza uketshezi emva kokuphuza amapheya, ngoba lokhu kungabangela uhudo kanye nobuhlungu besisu.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
"Ingqungquthela", ngokungangabazeki, ithatha indawo ehamba phambili ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezidliwayo, kodwa cabanga ngokuningiliziwe konke okunezinzuzo nezingozi.
Izinzuzo
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene ziwukuthi:
- I-pear iqala ekuqaleni, iningi futhi iveza izithelo emva kokutshala izithombo, uma ulandela yonke imithetho yokunakekela isitshalo.
- Amandla okuzivocavoca. Akadingi izinhlobo zokuvundisa endaweni. Inzuzo enkulu ye-self-pollination yiqiniso lokuthi impova inamandla kakhulu kuma-80% amacala. Siyabonga ngalesi sici, abalimi abangenayo indawo enkulu yokudala ingadi bangahlwanyela kuphela elilodwa eliphakathi. Uma insimu yakho inkulu, i- "Ingqungquthela" izoba yindawo enhle kakhulu yokuphuza impova yezinye izinhlobo. Okunconyayo kusondeza ukutshala "Hoverla", "Striyskaya", "Kucheryanka".
- Ngenxa yokunambitheka kakhulu kwezithelo, amapheya atshalwe hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa komuzi, kodwa futhi nasemapulazini, ngesilinganiso sezimboni.
I-Cons
Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ezicatshangwayo, kusekhona ezinye izinkinga, phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ubunzima obunzima obusika obusika kakhulu. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liwela phansi kunezingu-22 degrees - lesi sihlahla ngeke sisinde.
- Isimo sezulu ku-fruiting. Uma isimo sezulu sibhakabhaka, kubanda, kunamvula futhi kuphelile emoyeni, izithelo zingahle zivuthwe noma ukunambitheka kuzokuhlupheka kakhulu.
Kubalulekile! Isimo esihle kakhulu sibhekwa njengesimo sezulu esishisayo, kuphela kuleli cala ukuvuthwa okufanele kwezithelo kuzokwenzeka.
- Ubumpofu bubekezelele imiphumela yesikhunta, kuvezwe ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo
Ukuze ukhethe isithombo semfanelo, kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile:
- Hlola kahle imbewu. Kumelwe kube nokuphilile, okunamandla, ukubukeka okusha. Kufanele iqukathe umaki nomelusi wezinhlobonhlobo kanye nendawo ekhuthazwayo ekhulayo.
- Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izimpande zenzalo zivulekile futhi zingenayo i-coma yodaka, okungase ngezinye izikhathi igubungele uhlelo oluyingozi noma olomile, kufanele uhlolisise ngokucophelela indaba yokutshala ngobuqotho bezimpande. Uhlelo lwempande le-pear enempilo lukhanya, kokubili ngaphandle nangokwesinqunyiwe, alunawo amabala noma ukukhula.
- Izihlahla ezincane, ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, zinconywa ukuthenga.
- Izihlahla zonyaka azinawo umqhele; uma uthenga izitshalo ezindala, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe ama-specimens azosakaza amahlumela ngendlela efanayo.
Ukukhetha indawo kusayithi
Isihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa okuhle kwensimu yindawo efanele yokutshala. Inhlabathi lapho izithombo zamapheya ezotshalwa khona kufanele kube nokuhleleka nokukhanya, kodwa ngokukwazi ukugcina umswakama. 
Ibhalansi ye-asidi-base yenhlabathi akumele ibe ne-neutral noma i-alkaline encane. Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kubhekwa njenge-loose loam, i-forest sierozem noma inhlabathi emnyama, engafanele ukutshala: inhlabathi elula noma enhlabathini enesihlabathi, ubumba obunzima, i-peaty, inhlabathi enothuli.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwenhlabathi kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutheni ilanga, ukushisa nomoya omusha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha izindawo zokutshala eliphakathi kwezilwane ezihlangabezana nalezi zindlela.
Kubuye kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi lesi sihlahla asibekezelelisi umoya oqinile, njengokungathi ngesikhathi sasebusika isitshalo singabanda, kanti entwasahlobo nasehlobo - ukulahlekelwa kwezimbali, amaqanda kanye nezithelo.
Akunconywa ukutshala eliphakathi kweziqhingi, ngoba ukusondela ngokweqile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kungaba nomthelela omubi emthini bese uzibonakalisa ngendlela yokubola kwezimpande.
Uma sicabanga ukuthi lesi sihlahla sizokhula sikhulu ngomqhele omkhulu, kubalulekile ukusihlwanyela kwezinye izitshalo ezingapheli. Uma amapareyi amabili ehlelwe ukuba atshalwe eduze, bese ugcina ibanga lokungenani u-5m phakathi kwawo.
Uma kukhona udonga oluseduze nepeyari, umqhele ungase udale ngokungalungile, okuzokwenza kube nzima ukulimaza noma ukuphulukisa ukungabikho. 
Kubalulekile! Eceleni komuthi we-rowan, i-pear ingaba yilapho igcizelela izifo nezinambuzane, ngoba zihlushwa izifo ezifanayo, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukutheleleka njalo.
Ngaphambi kokusebenza
Uma uhlala endaweni enamaxhaphozi, ngaphambi kokutshala ipeyari kufanele uqaphele ukutshala indawo yokutshala.
Okokuqala, umuntu kufanele athathe indawo ephakeme kunazo zonke futhi ahlome imifula encane eduze nomkhawulo wensimu, uwayise ehlathini eliphansi kakhulu, elitholakala ngemuva kwensimu ukuze amanzi amaningi adlule lapho.
Bese unakekele imishini yokudonsa lapho amapheya azotshala khona. Njengamanzi, ungasebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo, izihlahla, amagatsha, utshani obunamanzi, amaqabunga awile noma udoti lwasekhaya.
Ekuqaleni, insimu igcwale amanzi, izingxenye ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezibolayo kancane kancane zibekwe phansi, izingxenye ezincane nezinsizakalo zibeka phezulu.
Ukugeleza kugcwale inhlabathi evuliwe ngaphambilini emgodini. Kunconywa ukufeza inqubo ekwindla, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sebusika iminyango isungulwa futhi ingafakwa. 
Izimbiza zokutshala izithombo zidinga ukulungiswa kusengaphambili, uma ukutshala kuzokwenziwa entwasahlobo, bese udinga ukumba imbobo ekuwa, kanti uma kuwa, inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala.
Imithi yesitoreji esingaqinile kufanele itshalwe emigodini ngobubanzi bomamitha owodwa nesigamu kanye nokujula kwe-1 m. I-pear encane e-quince idinga umgodi ongama-90 cm ubude no-80 cm ububanzi.
Funda indlela yokutshala ipheya.
Inqubo ngesinyathelo-sinyathelo sokutshala izithombo
Cabanga ngeminye imininingwane eningiliziwe ngesinyathelo sokuthi ungatshala kanjani imbewu emgodini olungiselelwe:
- Into yokuqala okudingeka uyilungiselele ukusekela okuqinile, okuzobekwa emgodini ukuze ubophe isipiliyoni.
- Ngaphansi kwegodini, inhlanganisela eyandulelekile yenhlabathi isetshenziselwa, okungeziwe kuyo into ephilayo ebolile, ngesimo somquba noma i-humus, ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwentaba.
- I-sapling ifakwe efabeni, kanti intamo impande ayishintshiwe.
- Okulandelayo, udinga ukulungisa izimpande ngobumnene bese ugcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi ehlanganiswe nodaba oluphilayo.
- Inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu ihlanganiswe ukuvimbela ukuba khona kwe-voids ezimpandeni.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuphuza kahle imbiza, ngokulingana kwamabhakede amathathu emthini ngamunye.
- Ngokuqhubekayo kunconywa ukuba kuthunyelwe umhlabathi nge-sawdust noma utshani.
- Inqubo yokugcina iyi-sapter sapling ukusekela.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukuze ipeyari ithwale izithelo kahle futhi ikhule ngendlela evamile, idinga ukuhlinzeka kahle.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukuze i-pear zizizwe kahle endaweni entsha, kubalulekile ukuphuza isitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele - ikhwalithi nobuningi bezithelo, kanye nesilinganiso sokukhula kwesihlahla, kuxhomeke ngqo kubo.
Ukunisela kuyadingeka kuye ngezimo zezulu, uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nobudala be-pear. Uma ihlobo lomile - ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokucophelela, okungenani kanye ngesonto ngamabhakede amabili noma amathathu ngaphansi komuthi ngamunye.
Ngentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi unakekele ngokukhethekile ukukhulula umhlaba nokuhlenga, ukuze kungalimazi uhlelo lwempande, ikakhulukazi izithombo ezincane.
Ukuze ukhulule phansi, kunconywa ukumba umjikelezo wesiqu bese ukhulula isifuba nge-rake. Ekwindla, ukuze kuvikelwe izimpande ekuqhenqeni, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza ukuxubha kombuthano we-trunk ngqimba elanele ngokwanele. 
Njengoba i-mulch iphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa i-sawdust, amahlamvu avela emithini noma utshani. Thela umbhede kufanele kube ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi ukhwanywe futhi wenziwe ugqoke.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-pear isitshalo esidinga okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-humus emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi sokugubha kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuba ubeke ama-4 amabhakede ama-humus ngaphansi komuthi owodwa, ucabangela ubudala nobukhulu bawo.
Uma kunesidingo sezinto eziphilayo, kuyadingeka ukwengeza cishe u-30 g we-ammonium nitrate, kanti ngesikhathi sokumba kwekwindla, i-potassium sulphate enani lika-30 g ne-superphosphate ngenani lika-50 g lengeziwe.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukuba wengeze i-nitrogen ngesikhathi sekwindla, njengoba kungenzeka ukuvusa ukuwohloka kokubanda kwasebusika nokwenza izithiyo zokuvuthwa okujwayelekile kwezihlumela.
Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma usebenzisa amaminerali amaminerali ngamanani aphezulu, izithelo ziyogcinwa kahle futhi zingalimaza impilo. 
Ukuphalaza okuvimbelayo
Ukuze uvimbele i-enterobiosis noma indawo emnyama, kuyadingeka ukususa izinsalela zezitshalo emjikelezweni wezitshalo ezungezile bese ubashisa.
Ngenhloso efanayo kudingekile ukukhiqiza ngokujulile nokugubha inhlabathi ekwindla nasekuseni. "Ingqungquthela" izophikiswa kakhulu endaweni emnyama uma umanyolo wamaminerali we-potash phosphate isetshenziswa njalo ngonyaka.
Ekwindla, iNitrophoska inganconywa ngalokhu. Uma izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-enterobiasis zivela, ezibonakala njengamabala amancane ezincibilika ezibomvu nge-dot dot, ukupompa nge-Bordeaux liquid kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha.
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli, ngoba lesi siphunga se-Bordeaux esilinganisweni sama-30 ml sihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
Isikhathi sesibili sokucubungula senziwa ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sesiphelile, ukuhlushwa kwezidakamizwa kunciphise izikhathi ezintathu. Ukwelashwa okwesithathu kwenziwa ekupheleni kwenyanga ngemuva kokudlule. Ukuze kuvikelwe indawo emhlophe noma i-septoria, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza ukwelashwa kwe-Nitrafen entwasahlobo nasekwindla, besebenzisa u-100 g womkhiqizo ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza omnyama, obonakala ngezindlela zamnyama futhi ubole emagatsheni, izithelo nezitshalo, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza ukwakhiwa kwe-trunk kanye namagatsha amakhulu anobisi obuketshezi, lapho kufaka khona i-sulphate yethusi ngesilinganiso sika-100 g womkhiqizo ngamunye nge-10 l we-lime ingxube.
Ukuze i-pear ingaboni i-pearpod, kuyadingeka izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba i-blooms isihlahla futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokusabalalisa ukuphamba ne-Agravertin.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, ukupomfa kufanele kuphindwe, kodwa kusetshenziswa i-Kinmiks. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-30 ukupopu kuphindwaphindwa, i-Spark-Bio isetshenziswa.
Ngokumelene ne-pear sucker kungenzeka ukucubungula i-pear ngaphambi kokukhazimula ngesisombululo se-3% seKarbofos, ngemuva kokuchichima umuthi usetshenzwa nge-Iskra-Bio noma i-Agravertin. 
Kusukela ku-leafworm, i-pear isetshenzwa entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa ebusuku liyobe lingaphezu kwe-zero. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukucubungula isihlahla "Tsimbush".
Ukwakheka komqhele kanye nomqhele
Esinye isici esibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwamapareli kusetshenziselwa ukusika izihlahla njalo. Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi lapho i-thermometer izobonisa ukushisa okuhle ebusuku.
Kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi sokuguqula ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho ukuqala ukusebenza kuqala..
Cishe uzoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi ungayinciphisa kanjani leli peyari entwasahlobo.Ukuma komqhele, oyothola esihlahleni, ungakhetha wena, kungaba:
- Palmette - uhlobo lomqhele, okungukungenelela okuncane ekukhuleni kwesihlahla. Unyaka ngamunye kuyadingeka ukusika igatsha eliyinhloko - umqhubi ube ngu-30 cm, futhi uphelele umqhele okhuni futhi ususe amagatsha abathintekile nabomile.
- Ifomu elincane lapho umqhubi ekhishwa khona kancane kunokuba amahlumela ahlangane akhule, futhi kuhlanganiswa umuthi omusha wamagatsha angama-4. Amagatsha awela phansi, kanye namahlumela, anqunywa ngokuphelele. Amahlumela akhula, afushaniswe ishidi lokuqala noma lesibili.
Kokubili kokuqala nangokwesibini kubalulekile ukusika amahlumela okukhula ngokuqondile, okwehlisa umqhele, kodwa ungatheli izithelo.Uyazi? Emazweni aseYurophu, amapareya avela eNingizimu Asia, isikhathi esilinganiselwayo - iminyaka eyi-1 000 BC. i-er Kamuva, wonke amapheya angadla eNyakatho Melika, lapho leli peyari lalethwa ngo-1620 kuphela.
Ukuvikelwa emakhazeni namakhaza
Ekwindla ekwindla, udinga ukwakha indawo yokukhosela yesihlahla ukuze ubusika obuvamile. Kakhulu kanzima ukusinda emahlathini abandayo amahlumela amancane.
Ukuvikela izitshalo ezincane kusuka efrijini namagundane, kunconywa ukuba ziboshwe ngamagatsha e-coniferous kanye nezinto ezihlanganisa ukuphefumula kahle.
Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa kwamagxolo ngesikhathi sezintambo, okungabangela ukufa kwesitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, iNgqungquthela yePear iyinhlobonhlobo yokuthisa ukushisa futhi inconywa ukutshala ezindaweni lapho kunobusika obumnandi obuningizimu. 
Kungcono kakhulu ukunakekela isitshalo, into esemqoka ukufeza izihlahla ngesikhathi, ukugqoka, ukuphuza nokupuniza ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu nesiphakeme.
