Amajikijolojisi ase-raspberry athandwa ngabalimi, hhayi nje kuphela ukunambitheka kwabo okuhlukile, kodwa futhi nezakhiwo zabo eziningi ezinenzuzo. Yonke ingane ijwayele ukunambitheka kwala majikijolo athandwa kakhulu. Kucindezela nje ukuthi isikhathi se-fruiting ehlathini sincane, siqala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula. Ukuze banqobe le nkinga, ababelethi bathatha, imiphumela yemisebenzi eyaba yizinhlobo ezihamba phambili. Lesi sihloko sigxile emajibhisiphini asehlobo aseNdiya, incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, isivuno esivela kwelinye isihlahla, kanye nokutshala nokuzinakekela.
Umlando we-Inference
Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-70 yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, akukho msebenzi owenziwe e-USSR ukudala izinhlobo ezinempahla efanayo, futhi zonke izinhlobo zangaphandle zezinto ezihamba phambili azifanelekile ukutshala ezindaweni zethu ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwe-berries okwesikhashana. E-Russia, uhlelo oluhlosiwe lokulima izinhlobo ezinjalo luhlelwe futhi luqhutshwa yi-All-Russian Breeding-Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery.
Uyazi? Indawo yokuqala yokukhuphula ama-raspberries emhlabeni jikelele yiRussia, okuyinto eqoqa amathani angaphezu kuka-210 000 amajikijolo.
Umnikelo omkhulu kunazo zonke ekwakheni ama-raspberries anezakhiwo ezifanayo wenziwa ngumkhiqizi waseRussia, uProfesa I.V. I-Cossacks. Izihlobo zasehlobo zaseNdiya zatholwa nguye ngenxa yokuwela kwe-Sentyabrskaya raspberry rattan, yokukhiqizwa kweMelika, kanye nesilonda se-hybrid yezimbali No. 12-77. Lezi zihlukahlukene zande kakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe lethu.
Izici ze-varietal
Ngakho-ke uma uthenga amahlumela okusajingijolo remontantnoy awukhohliswa futhi unikezwe ehlobo laseNdiya, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, ezinezici ezithile ezivumela ukuhlukanisa nabanye.
Izihlahla
Isihlahla sinezinga elincane kakhulu - elilinganiselwa ku-1 m, elingaphezu kwe-1.5 m. Likhula ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokusabalalisa lizungezile. Izitshalo ziqondile, ezinamanani amakhulu ezinsiza ezinzima ezincane, ezimbozwe ungqimba omncane we-waxy deposits, obukhulu obuphakathi.
Ukuthambekela kokukhula kwesibhakabhaka esizungeze isihlahla kuthuthukiswa kabi (kuphela izingcezu ezingu-10-15 kumitha wendawo ngayinye). Amahlumela kanye nama-inflorescences abhekwa ukuthambekela okubonakalayo kokuhlanganisa. Amagqabha obukhulu obuphakathi, aphikisiwe kancane, abushelelezi kuya othinta, imibimbi emincane ibonakala phezulu.
Uyazi? Ezokwelapha, izithelo ezomisiwe zokusajingijolo zisetshenziswa njenge-diaphoretic, futhi isiraphu isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwemithi.
Amajikijolo
Izithelo ziyingayizi ephakathi, ezihluka ku-2-3 g kuya ku-3.5 g kwezinye izimo, zinomumo wesigqoko esibekiwe, sigqoke ukubhoboza okubomvu. Ukunambitheka kumnandi kakhulu, kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Inyama isineke, cishe cishe ayikho imibala emihle. Amathoni aqinile, ngesamba sama-25-30 izingcezu ngebheyili ngayinye.
Isici sesici sezinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo ukuthi ngisho nangesimo sezulu esinomsoco, abalahlekelwa ubumnandi babo futhi ababi. Kodwa-ke, kunzima kakhulu ukuthutha, ngakho-ke banconywa ukuthi badliwe ngokushesha emva kokuqoqwa noma ngokushesha bavunyelwe ezinye izidingo zezomnotho.
Ukuthela
Lezi zinhlobo zokusajingijolo azizona ezithela kakhulu, okuyizinga elithile elikhokhelwa yisikhathi eside se-fruiting yayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe i-1 kg lamajikijolo ingavunwa kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa, kodwa ngokunakekelwa kahle kanye nemibandela emihle yemvelo, le nkhomba inganyuka ibe yi-3 kg.
Ubusika obunzima
Lezi zinhlobo zokusajingijolo zinomsoco onqabile weqhwa. Uma kunesembozo seqhwa ngokwanele, ngisho nokushisa kusuka -30 ° C kuya ku 35 ° C akufanele kube yimuphi umonakalo ku-pancake yakho yokusajingijolo. Ngisho nangokwaneliseka kwazo zonke izimo zokukhula, izihlahla cishe azivezi amahlumela amancane.
Futhi ubone izinhlobo zokulungisa okusajingijolo ezifana neHeracles, i-Atlas, i-Heritage, ne-Cumberland.
Ukusetshenziswa
Amajikijolojisi okusajingijolo, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwawo efomini eluhlaza, angasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ekwenzeni amakhemikhali ahlukene, ama-jams, ama-compotes, ama-syrups nama-sauces. Ungaphinde upake inani elithile lamajikijolo esikhwameni seplastiki bese uwafaka efrijini ukuze ujabulele amajikijolo ebusika.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhishwa okusajingijolo okomile kuhle kakhulu ukusetshenziselwa njengendawo esikhundleni setiyi.
Izithelo eziqoqiwe zingomiswa ukuze zithole izinto eziwusizo, ezingasetshenziswa kamuva njengezithako eziphunga elimnandi kwitiye noma ukulungiselela izifo ezihlukahlukene. Ama-raspberries abomile emgodini weglasi angama endaweni emnyama, eyomile iminyaka emibili ngaphandle kokulimaza isakhiwo nesinambitheka.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Kufanele ukuziqonda ukuthi ezincane ubukhulu besithombo, amathuba amakhulu okukhula kwawo okuphumelelayo nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Izinto zokutshala kumele ziqukathe ama-2-4 amahlumela, futhi ubude bawo abufanele bube bukhulu kakhulu, ngoba amahlumela aneziqu ezinjalo asabele kabi kakhulu ekutshaleni.
Akunconywa ukwenza ukuthengwa kwezithombo ezimakethe ezizenzekelayo, njengoba abathengisi bengavamile ukuqapha ukuhambisana kwe-varietal kanye nekhwalithi yezimpahla zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma ngabe ulawula ukuthenga isiteji esisebenzayo, kungenzeka ukuthi uyasendle. Enye ingxabano ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuthenga emakethe ukuthi ngokuvamile izimpande zezithombo zifakwa emaphaketheni lapho, futhi lokhu kungabangela umonakalo nokubola kwezimpande.
Ukukhetha indawo efanele
Uma uhlela ukutshala okusajingijolo, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici eziningana, isibonelo, akufanele neze utshale okusajingijolo okusha endaweni lapho ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo ezivela emndenini we-nightshade nezinhlobo zokusajingijolo zikhule, ngenxa yesimo "sokukhathala komhlabathi", futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi izimpande ze-raspberry zinamandla okufihla izinto ezivimbela ukukhula okuqhubekayo. Izihlahla ezintsha zingatshalwa endaweni yokukhula emva kweminyaka engama-6-8 kuphela.
Ukukhanyisa
Ngokutshala lezi zihlukahlukene ngendlela engcono kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ivikelwe kahle emoyeni wasenyakatho. Uzokwazi ukuthola umphumela omkhulu ngokuwutshala engxenyeni engeningizimu yesayithi lakho, hhayi kude nanoma yisiphi isakhiwo noma ucingo oluzolivikela emoyeni nasekuloleni.
Umhlaba
I-shrub ingokwama-megatrophs - lokhu kusho ukuthi okufanele kakhulu kuyo kuyoba inhlabathi enezinto ezicebile zezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-mediumly weak acidic. Ama-Raspberries adinga amanzi amaningi, kodwa ukutshala emhlabathini onogwadule kungabulala. Isidingo somuthi omkhulu umswakama kungcono ukuhlanzwa njalo.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo ziyamangaza, ezithandwa kakhulu yiCaramel, Ispolin, eCanada naseHussar.
Ngaphambi kokusebenza
Ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla zakho, kubalulekile ukufeza imisebenzi ethile eyenzelwe ukusiza ukuba ithathe izimpande, ukufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko esebenzayo nangempumelelo. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphonse izimpande zezithombo zibe ngamanzi ahlanzekile ahleliwe amahora ambalwa, okuzokwenza isitshalo sikwazi ukugcwala umswakama.
Okulandelayo, kusukela ezimpandeni kubalulekile ukuqeda zonke izingxenye ezibolile nezonakalisiwe zezimpande, unqume izintonga zezithombo ukuze zibe nama-3-4 amaqabunga amaqabunga. Ungaphinda ulawule izihlahla kanye nomgqugquzeli wokukhula kanye nokunye ukuvikela ukuvikela ekuthuthukiseni izifo zefungal.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Ama-Raspberries angatshalwa kunoma yisiphi isizini ngaphandle kwasebusika. Kodwa isithelo esihle kakhulu futhi esihle kakhulu sokutshala phakathi kwabalimi yikwindla, okungukuthi isikhathi esivela engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptember kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Inqubo yesinyathelo ngezinyathelo cishe kanje:
- Umsele uvunwa ngaphambilini, ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-0.5 m kanti ukujula kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-40 kuya ku-50 cm.
- Umgogodla kufanele ubekwe nge-humus ehlelekile, umquba kanye ne-peat ku-1: 1: 2 isilinganiso. Kuwo wonke amamitha square kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamabhakede enhlanganisela enjalo.
- Ukusuka ngenhla uthele kumitha ngayinye yesigcawu eklasini elilodwa lamaminerali amaminerali, isibonelo nitrophoska noma nitroamofoski.
- Ngemuva kwaloko, amahlumela afakwa emgodini ngendlela yokuthi izimpande zawo zigcinwe ngayo futhi zihlanganiswe nenhlabathi phezulu, ziphazamise kancane. Ibanga phakathi kwehlathi kufanele libe okungenani 50-60 cm.
- Isihlahla ngasinye siphuziswa ngamabhakede amanzi, emva kwalokho inhlabathi ihambelana ne-hay, peat, noma utshani olusha.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo ezihamba phambili zeBabiye ehlobo ngokuvamile azifani ngokutshala nokugwema ezinye izinhlobo zokusajingijolo ezaziwayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, lezi zinqubo esitshalweni zinezici ezithile, ezizoxoxwa ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukunisela, ukukhulula nokuhlanganisa
Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwempande yalezi ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo selungeduze kakhulu, isidingo sokuchelela, ikakhulukazi esimweni esishisayo, esomile, sikhona nsuku zonke. Ukunisela akufanele kube nokuningi kakhulu, kuzokwanele ukuthulula ibhakede lamanzi elilodwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Uma ungenalo ithuba lokunisela izihlahla nsuku zonke, zama ukugcoba kahle inhlabathi ezungezile noma ulungise uhlelo lokunisela.
Uhlelo lokushayela lungcono kakhulu kumanzi ama-strawberries, i-pepper kanye neklabishi.
Ukuze uthole umquba, ushukela, utshani obusha noma u-peat kufanelekile. Ukukhululeka, ngenxa yendawo yangaphandle yesistimu yezimpande, kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungabangeli ukulimala. Naphezu kokungcupheni okwanele kwalesi senzakalo, kusadingeka, ngoba izimpande zezihlahla zidinga ukufinyelela njalo emoyeni omusha.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Isitshalo sidinga ukondla okwanele ngobuningi obukhulu. Engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo lehlobo, ukugcizelelwa kufanele kuwele kumanyolo ahlukahlukene we-azrogen, kanti okwesibili - ikakhulukazi kumanyolo wamaminerali. Okukhethwa kukho kokudla okunomsoco kuyoba yizinyoni zezinyoni ezihlanjululwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1:20 noma i-mullein ngesilinganiso se-1:10.
Kubalulekile! Ungangezela ingilazi yokhuni njengomanyolo, kodwa kufanele uqaphele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akuholeli ukwandisa ngokweqile emhlabathini.
Ukuze ulungise isisombululo samanyolo wamaminerali, kunconywa ukuba uthathe ingxube elandelayo: 2 g we potassium sulfate, 4 g we-superphosphate no-1.5 g we-nitrate ngamithayi ayi-1 amanzi. Ibhakede elilodwa lenhlanganisela enjalo kufanele libe nokwanele ukutshala ama-ayisihlahla okusajingijolo ama-2-3.
Ukuvikela izinambuzane nezifo
Izinhlobonhlobo zingathinteka yizifo ezilandelayo: isikhumba se-powdery, indawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-mosaic yamakhasi. Ukwelashwa kwazo zonke lezi zifo kuncishiswe ekuqedeni isici esiholele ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo (ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhambisana nomswakama womhlabathi okhulayo lapho isitshalo sikhula khona), ukususwa kwazo zonke izingxenye ezithintekayo zesitshalo kanye nokuphathwa kabili ngesisombululo sokubulala i-fungicide.
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane ezithinta ama-raspberries, ukuhlaselwa kungenzeka: izilwanyana ezincelisayo, ama-raspberries aphid nama-beetle ama-raspberries. Izindlela zokulawula ezilwa nalezi zinambuzane zifana futhi zihambisana nokucubungula ngosizo lwezixazululo zezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
Qalisa
Ngenxa yesimo sayo esifushane, lezi zinhlobo zokusajingijolo azidingi ukusekela, kodwa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo, izihlahla zingakhula, futhi-ke kufanelekile ukunakekelwa. Noma iyiphi intambo noma ipayipi noma ibha yensimbi engadingeki epulazini ingaba yisekelo. Izinto ezinjalo kufanele zikhishwe ngokuqinile emhlabathini kude 5-10 cm kusuka okusajingijolo symmetrically zombili izinhlangothi emgqeni, welula ucingo noma wire phakathi kwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kunesidingo, kuzokwazi ukubopha amagatsha okusajingijolo okukhulayo kulezi zisekelo.
Ukusekelwa kuyadingeka nezitshalo ezifana ne-clematis, ikhekhe kanye namagilebhisi.
Ukudubula
Ukusoka kwezinhlobo zokusajingijolo ezihamba phambili akufani kakhulu nokujwayelekile. Kudingekile ukuba unqume kusengaphambili ukuthi ufuna ukuthola isivuno kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala uhlumela noma ukhetha ukususa, njengoba kwenzeka ngezinhlobo ezejwayelekile. Esikhathini sokuqala, amahlumela asebevele ephethe izithelo, kufanele ashiywe bese egoba phansi, futhi okwesibili - uthathe cishe emhlabathini.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngaphambi kokuba uthinte umkhuhlane, udinga ukuchelela, ukuze unikeze izimpande nomhlabathi ngesamba esengeziwe somswakama. Ngemuva kokuba izithelo zokugcina zisuswe, wonke amahlumela kufanele aqedwe cishe emhlabathini nokuthi indlela yonke impande kufanele ifakwe ngayo ngokusebenzisa noma yikuphi okuqukethwe okumbozayo. Uma unquma ukushiya amahlumela, kuzomele ugobe phansi bese ulungisa noma ufafaze umhlaba. Uma ubusika emaphethelweni akho bungekho iqhwa - yenza indawo yokukhosela eyengeziwe ngosizo lwefilimu ye-polyethylene. Qaphela ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhipha indaba yokugubha entwasahlobo, ukuze izimpande neziqu zingasebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusize ukuba ufike esiphethweni esingacacile mayelana nokuthi udinga ukukhula ezihlukahlukene zokusajingijolo ezihlukahlukene esakhiweni sakho. Mnake kahle, ungakhohlwa ngesidingo sokunisela njalo futhi uzokuvuza.
