Yonke imifino yokulima yemifino ekhula utamatisi esitheni sokushisa ebhekene nezifo zabo. Kodwa, ngeshwa, abaningi bayazi ukuthi kufanele bahlolisise kanjani izifo kanye nezilonda, bese benza ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka izinkinga ezivame kakhulu, kanye nezixazululo.
Ama-Tomato aqhekezayo
Eqinisweni, ukubonakala kwemifucumfucu kwi-tomato ikhasi akuwona uphawu lwesifo, kodwa umphumela wokukhula kahle kwemifino. Kodwa-ke, izithelo zokuqhakazila isifo esivamile kakhulu samatamatisi ku-greenhouse. Ngalokhu kuphazamisa amagciwane, izifo kanye nesifungumeni zingene esitshalweni. Izimbangela zokuqhekeka:
- ukushisa imifino,
- ukuphuza njalo amanzi amaminerali avela emhlabathini;
- ukumanzisa okujulile kwenhlabathi eyomile lapho amanzi ekwandisa ingcindezi yangaphakathi emifino, futhi iyaqhuma;
- okudlulele ekulwa nokuhlushwa;
- ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, isibonakaliso saso sokuphuza nokufa kwamahlamvu;
- ukudlula ngokweqile umquba, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogenous.
Kubalulekile! Ukugxila kwamanyolo kufanele kuhlanjululwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngamanzi ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yelebuli yabo.
Ukuvimbela isifo esinjalo, utamatisi, ikakhulukazi labo abakhulile ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ze-polycarbonate, Qaphela imiyalelo elandelayo:- Khetha izinhlobo ezingenakuzithoba ekutheni.
- Vikela izihlahla ezivela ebangeni elishisayo ngegridi yokuhlakaza, uphonswe ku-greenhouse, noma i-lime jelly, uzihlanganise ngecala elingaphakathi langilazi.
- Qaphela ukulinganisa kokulinganisela okulinganiselayo, ikakhulu ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa kwemifino. Ukujwayela kwabo kuncike ekungcoleni kwenhlabathi, okuyinto phakathi kwezinye izinto ezithonywa izimo zezulu. Lapho kushisa, amanzi ekuseni noma kusihlwa, futhi epholile kungcono ukuwa ntambama.
- Ventilate "ingadi yakho efudumele" njalo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo, ukudala uhlaka ngosuku oluthulile, noma ukuvula kuphela "i-leeward" kuphela ngezinsuku zemimoya.
Izifo ze-fungal
Izivakashi ezingavunyelwe njalo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo lapho utamatisi zikhulile yizifungi, futhi ukulwa nezifo ezibangela kudinga indlela ehlelekile.
Ukuvikela utamatisi ezifweni, kusetshenziswe ama-fungicides alandelayo: Kvadris, Ridomil Gold, Thanos, Tiovit Jet, Strobe, Fitolavin, Skor, Acrobat MC, Ordan, Previkur Energy "," Antrakol "," Fitosporin-M ", Fundazol".
I-spores evamile yefungi ifinyelela emanxebeni noma ekuvuleni kwemvelo yemifino, iwashaya ngokushesha. Lokhu futhi kunomthelela wokutshala ngokweqile.
Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana
Ukulimala kwesikhathi eside yisifo esivamile kakhulu. Umswakama ophezulu kanye nokushisa kwamazinga okushisa kukuvumela ukuthi kwenzeke.
Funda ngendlela yokucubungula i-greenhouse eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate kusuka e-phytophthora.
Izimpawu zokulimala okuphelile:
- ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama noma ama-brown ngokuqhakaza kwe-arachnoid, okuyinto efihla ngokushesha iqabunga lonke, emva kwalokho lime futhi life;
- ukubonakala kwamabala kumajikijolo.
Uyazi? Ama-Botanists ahlukanisa utamatisi njengamajikijolo, futhi abapheka ngephutha ngokubhekwa njengemifino.Ukuvimbela izifo: ukuchelela ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwezimpande (kungenzeka ngamabhodlela e-PET ngokucima phansi kanye nokuvula eceleni, ugoba eduze neziqu), ukupompela masonto onke nge-serum yobisi lwezinkabi noma i-fungicides engavamile.
Grey ukubola
Izingosi zokuthuthukisa ukutheleleka - isimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, umoya omncane wokushisa oshisayo.
Izimpawu:
- ukwakheka kwamabala amacici emaqabungeni nezimbali;
- Amabala ekuqaleni ayomile, bese i-lizlye, ngamahora amahora (ngokuvamile ebusuku) isebenza kuwo wonke amahlathi njengendlela ye-gray bloom.
Izilonda kukhona amanxeba ahlukahlukene. 
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka:
- ukugcina ukushisa "engadini ehlanganisiwe", kanye nokukhipha kwayo ukunciphisa umswakama womoya kanye nomhlabathi;
- ukwenza ukulima kusebenza esimweni esomile, esizolile ekuseni, ukuze amanxeba aphilise ebusuku.
Kubalulekile! Khumbula ukuthi izinhlamvu ezibomvu ezibomvu zigcina ukuhlala kwazo ngezikhathi ezimbili (!) Zonyaka.
Indawo emnyama
Izimpawu zika-cladosporia (ebizwa ngokuthi i-brown spotting) zivela kancane kancane. Okokuqala, amabala aphuzi avela engxenyeni engenhla yamahlamvu, okukhula, ahlangane endaweni eyodwa enkulu; ohlangothini oluphansi lwamacembe lumbozwe i-velvet ensundu, izinhlamvu ze-fungus.
Inqubo iphela ngokuchopha nokuma. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwetamatisi (ikakhulukazi uma zikhula endaweni yokushisa) noma ukwakheka kwe-ovary futhi zisakazeka phansi.
Ukutheleleka kokuqala kuyingozi kakhulu, kusukela emahoreni amaningi emini kanye nomswakama ophezulu, okudingeka kakhulu ukuba intsha, ibe nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwefungus. Amajikijolo ngokwawo ahlukumezekile, kodwa uma kwenzeka lokhu, nawo abe mnyama futhi athambile, kancane kancane omile.
Kubalulekile! Ama-spot provocateurs ama-Brown: ukuthungwa kwamanzi, ukudonsa okushisayo okukhulu, kufaka phakathi ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu.Ukwelashwa:
- ngaphambi kokwelashwa, susa amaqabunga abathintekayo bese ufafaza (ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engezansi yehlathi) ngesisombululo esifudumele ubisi kanye ne-iodine (amaconsi angu-15 e-iodine nezibuko ezimbili zobisi ngesigamu samanzi);
- ukufafaza lesi sitshalo nokuphuza umhlaba ngekhambi le-iodine chloride (amaconsi angu-40 e-iodine namaspuni amabili we-potassium chloride ngamabhakede ngamanzi);
- ukusetshenziswa kwe-spectrum fungicides noma ikhambi le-copper sulfate.
Ukulwa nezifo:
- ukuphuza okunye okunye okukhipha utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa ngekhambi elimhlophe elimhlophe elimhlophe le-potassium permanganate kanye ne-decoction yomlotha (izibuko ezimbili zomlotha ngamabhakede amanzi);
- sishaye ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka (1:10) samasondo.
I-Fusarium
Lesi esinye sezifo zeqabunga elihlwanyelwe endaweni yokushisa. I-fungus ebangela ukuthi lesi sifo sishiswe ekushiseni, ikakhulukazi uma izithombo zibuthakathaka ngenxa yenani eliphansi lokudla okunomsoco wenhlabathi, futhi kukhona ushintsho oluvamile lwezinsuku ezishisayo nezishisayo phakathi nobusuku obubandayo obubusayo. Ukugqoka okwedlulele ngokweqile, ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukugcoba komhlabathi okwandisa noma, ukuphuza okwanele, ubusuku obude, nokukhanyisa ukukhanya okushisa kubonisa ukukhiqizwa kwefungus.
Izimpawu ze-Fusarium Wilt:
- ukuguqulwa kweziqu eziyinhloko;
- ukuphuza, ukuma, nokuqedwa okusheshayo kwezingxenye eziphansi zamahlamvu;
- isusa sonke isihlahla.
Ngeshwa, uma imifino ithinteka yi-Fusarium, ngeke kwenzeke ukuyiphilisa, ngoba i-fungus iqala izicubu zayo zangaphakathi. Ihlala nje kuphela ukukhipha isihlahla bese ishisa.I-Fusarium Prevention:
- i-mop-up ekwindla;
- ukulima okujulile nokungahlwithwanga komhlaba ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela noma ukutshala;
- imbewu yokungasebenzi nge-fungicides;
- ukuphoqa ngethuluzi elihlanzekile;
- ukuhlala njalo
Macroscopic
I-Macrosporia yindawo ebomvu noma eyomile echaphazela amaqabunga neziqu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izithelo. Isakazeka kusukela phansi kuze kube yilapho: izindawo zokubala ezibomvu zivela emaqabunga, akhula kancane kancane futhi ahlangane, emva kwalokho amahlamvu aphelile. Esigabeni, izindawo ezinjalo (i-oval) zibangela ukubola nokukhula.
Esikhathini isithelo, ngokuvamile i-stem, kunezinsipho ezimnyama, phezu kwazo okuvezwa i-velvet emnyama - izinhlamvu ze-fungus. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo: ukushisa (+ 25 ... +30 ° C) nomswakama ophezulu. Ama-spores aphikelela ezinsalela zezitshalo nasezindlini zegumbi bese esakazwa ngomoya kanye namaconsi a-condensate.
Uyazi? Umhluzi owenziwe kusuka ezinsalela zika utamatisi uqukethe ubuthi ezinambuzane, izinambuzane zezinye izitshalo. Isibonelo, uma le nambuzane yemvelo ikhiqiza izihlahla zezithelo ezithintekile ngama-aphid, zizophola ngokushesha. Lokhu kuyindlela ephumelelayo futhi engabizi ukukhipha ukubhema.
Ukuvimbela: - ukuchithwa kwemithi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela;
- ngaphambi kokuvela kwama-ovari, ukwelashwa kwamahlathi nge-fungicides ene-copper;
- ukushintshwa kwezitshalo endaweni yokushisa, okungafanelekile ukubandakanyeka i-solanaceous neklabishi;
- ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwezinsalela zezitshalo;
- ukukhulelwa ngamanyolo we-potash.
Ukwelashwa: ngaphambi kokuqala kokulimala - ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ze-antifungal, nasezikhathini zesikhathi esizayo - ngamalungiselelo e-biological. Ukuphalaza kuphindwe njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili okungenani kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye.
Alternaria
Lesi sifo sibonakala esimweni esomile, esimnyama esimnyama (noma esimnyama) endaweni ecacile emaqabunga kanye neziqu, ama-tisses ahlala endaweni yawo ahlanganiswa nomnqumo "i-velvet", futhi ekugcineni afe.
I-fungus, ukubanda ubusika ngokuzithela emithonjeni yesitshalo noma imbewu, ingene emgodini ophezu kwentwasahlobo bese ikhula ngaphakathi kwe-fetus phakathi nonyaka, iguqula umgogodla wayo ube yi-prellum.
Kubalulekile! Izimo ezenza i-Alternaria: isimo sezulu esifudumele kanye nomonakalo owenziwe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kanye nokutholakala kwezinye izifo.
Ukulwa no-Alternaria:- ukumba ngokujulile kwenhlabathi ekwindla;
- ukuchithwa kwemithi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela;
- ukutholakala ngesikhathi esifanele kwezimpawu ekuqaleni kokukhula nokuphalaza amafongicide kathathu ngenyanga;
- ukubhujiswa kwama-spect vectors spore (ama-cicadas, imikhaza, ama-aphid, njll);
- ngesikhathi sokuvuna ukubhujiswa kwezinhlayiya ezithintekayo.
I-Vertex Rot
- Lesi sifo akusona isifo esithathelwanayo. Lesi isifo somzimba esibangelwa ukunakekelwa okubi: ukuchelela okungavamile;
- ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, ukuntuleka kwe-calcium (kwimifino, kodwa hhayi emhlabathini), obangelwa ukushisa okungaphezu kokushisa;
- ukwandisa izitshalo nge nitrogen.
Ukulimala kuthinta kuphela amajikijolo - banezinti ezimnyama ezansi, ekugcineni ziba ngamanzi, zanda usayizi bese ziqala ukubola. Isimo sokugcina siyingozi ngoba ukubola kungabamba "omakhelwane" abanempilo.
Ngeshwa, imifino ethintekile ngokubola ayikwazi ukuphulukiswa - idinga nje ukususwa nokulahlwa. Kodwa ungavimbela lokhu kuphulwa. 
Ukuvimbela:
- lapho uhlwanyela izithombo, engeza emithonjeni ingxube ye-anyanisi ikhasi kanye namagobolondo aqhekekile, futhi kamuva - ukufaka umquba ngezindaba eziqukethe i-calcium (i-eggshell echotshoziwe, umlotha, njll) noma i-chemistry (i-calcium nitrate);
- sishaye amajikijolo omvini namavunguvungu angavuthiwe ngekhambi le-calcium nitrate elingu-1;
- ukudala microclimate enempilo ebamba ukushisa, enomhlabathi umswakama okulinganiselwe, ukungabi condensation nokufinyelela njalo umoya fresh.
Umsuka wokubola
Izifungi ezibangela izimpande ukubola - ukulimala ezimpandeni nasezintanyeni ezisisekelo, zingena ezitshalweni ezisuka enhlabathini futhi uthuthuke ngokushesha ngokuchelela ngokweqile. Emisebenzini yokulima engafundile, lesi sifo singase sikhuphuke ekuhlungeni nasekuthuthukeni kuyo yonke ukukhula kwesitshalo.
Ngezimpande zokubola izimpande, ukugcoba (ukugqabisa) nokuguquka kokuthungwa kwezimpande kanye nezintamo zabo (ukugcoba kwe-"velvet" ehlophe), kanye nokubola nokubola kwawo, kubonakala. Ehlathini, i-flagellum ivela ngaphansi kwamaqabunga e-seedbed, nasezikhusheni ezindala, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga okuqala eqiniso, isitshalo siphula kalula, ngoba impande ayifuni izimpande ze-lateral.
Uma izimpande zithathele igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kufanele ukuthi isihlahla kumele sisuswe kanye nebhola lomhlaba - akunakwenzeka ukuphilisa lesi sifo. 
Umsuka we-Rot Rot Warning:
- ukuqhuma kwenhlabathi;
- ukuchithwa kwemithi engxenyeni yembewu;
- imbewu yokugqoka ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela;
- ukuhambisana nombuso wokunisela (kuphela umhlaba owomile);
- ukuchelela kwe-fungicide;
- amanzi emhlabathini kanye ne-aeration.
Viral
Ezilonda ezibangelwa amagciwane ezithinta utamatisi ezikhulile endlini yokushisa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi i-mosaic kagesi kanye nesitebe.
UMose
Lapho igciwane lengculazi selifakwe, amahlamvu emifino "aqoshiwe" abe ngombala wamabala aluhlaza ahlukahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi, amabala aphuzi avela esithelweni. Ukukhula kwehlathi kuyancipha, amahlamvu abe wrinkled futhi curls. Ukuvuthwa kwemifino kunokwenzeka, kepha ayinambitheki.
Kubalulekile! Izici eziyinhloko "ezihle" zobuciko bokubhema: ukuhlwanyela imbewu enesifo; ehlala ku-greenhouse ye-tsikadok, imikhaza, ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane, abaphethe izifo; ukulimala okuyimishini ezimpandeni kanye neziqu ngenxa yokunakekelwa kokunganaki kwezitshalo.Ngeshwa, izidakamizwa ze-utamatisi azange zakhiwe, ngakho-ke kuhlala nje ukuhlwitha i-shrub egciwane lesandulela ngculazi kusukela embhedeni ngempande bese uyishisa. Futhi ukugwema le nkathazo, udinga ukumxwayisa.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo zikamanyolo ngesikhathi sokulima kwazo ku-greenhouse:
- ukuchithwa kwemithi, kanye nemishini yokulima;
- ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane, abathwali bokutheleleka;
- greenhouse disinfection (ekwindla noma entwasahlobo);
- ukubhujiswa kwezinsalela zezitshalo emva kokuvuna, ukulima okujulile nokuqhuma kwenhlabathi entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala amahlumela.
Utamatisi Strick
I-Strick ithinta izingxenye ezingenhla zehlathi, zizibonakalisa ngendlela yemivimbo emnyama, ekugcineni eyomile. Ama-petioles abe buthakathaka, kanti izithelo zigcwele imigqa engavamile. Njengoba izilonda eziphawulekayo zihlangana, futhi amahlamvu aphela futhi awe; izihlahla zicindezelwe futhi zingafa.
Izimbangela zalesi sifo zifana ne-mosaic: izinambuzane ezincelisayo, izibungu kanye nensimbi engcolile. Akunakwenzeka futhi ukuphatha i-streak okwamanje - ungakwazi, noma kunalokho, ususe amahlumela anegciwane. 
Ukuvimbela isifo:
- ukususwa kokhula;
- ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane ezinambuzane (ukuchithwa kwezinambuzane);
- ukugcina izinga lokushisa elinomsoco nomswakama oqinile, ukubulala amagciwane ngaphambi kokutshala, kanye nethuluzi lokulima, ukuguqulwa kwonyaka wendawo engenhla yomhlaba (nge-bayonet spade);
- sishaye izithombo ngesisombululo se-boric acid izinsuku ezincane ngaphambi kokutshala, kanye nokuphuzisa inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate esingu-2%.
Ukuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema izifo zezitshalo zika utamatisi, bese ukwelashwa kwabo ngeke kudingeke. Ukucabanga ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kuyo yonke inkathi kuzobavumela ukuba balondoloze impilo yabo futhi bavune isivuno esicebile ekwindla.
