Naphezu kokuthukuthela okujwayelekile kwe-poplar fluff, wonke ama-botanists agcizelela izinzuzo ezibalulekile zalezi zimpi ezinkulu ezingenakuqonda. Okokuqala, kubalulekile kumakhilomitha kanye nasezindaweni zezimboni. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuthi isihlahla senza umsebenzi we-biofilter enamandla, sinezindawo zokuphulukisa, isitshalo esihle sezinyosi kanye nesakhiwo esiyigugu sokwakha. Kuyini a izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-poplar, yini ezuzisa ukukhula, nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kuphi - funda ngalokhu konke okulandelayo kulesi sihloko.
Amanye amagama
Emithonjeni ye-botanical, lesi sitshalo sikhethwe igama layo elisemthethweni. "i-poplar emhlophe" noma i-Latin analogue Pópulus álba. Kodwa empilweni yansuku zonke leli poplar libizwa ngokuthi i-silvery, iqhwa-elimhlophe, elimhlophe elimhlophe, elilungele ukubala komagxolo.
Uyazi? Ngokomlando wamandulo waseRoma, i-poplar emhlophe ibilokhu ibhekwa njengesihlahla esingcwele kusukela esikhathini sikaHercules. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, lapho uCacus ehlukunyezwa emhumeni owedlula lezi ziqhwaga, uCacus, amagatsha e-poplar abonisa ukunqoba.
Kanti futhi ukusetshenziswa okuvamile lesi sitshalo kubizwa ngokuthi "Abele", okuyinto isifinyezo segama lesiLatini elithi "albellus", okusho ukuthi "mhlophe." Kwezinye izincwadi, amagama "Poplar Bolle", "Bachofen Poplar" kanye nezilinganiso zesiLatini atholakala: I-Poplar White, i-Silverleaf Poplar, i-Silver Poplar.I-Taxonomy
Lesi sitshalo esikhulu siwumuthi okhulayo okhula ngokushesha I-Poplar genus futhi umndeni we-willow. Ngencazelo eningiliziwe yentela yama-poplar, ama-botanists abonisa uMnyango Wezimbali noma ama-Angiosperms we-Malpighiyevetna.
Ngaphandle kwe-poplar emhlophe, umndeni we-willow uhlanganisa i-Willow kanye nezinhlobo zawo: ukukhala, imbuzi, isisindo, spherical kanye ne-leaved yonke.
Incazelo yomuthi
Izici zobunjalo besitshalo yi-trunk yayo ephakeme futhi ephakeme yombala okhanyayo, umqhele obanzi obubanzi noma obuningi. Lezi zibonakaliso eziyaziwayo lapho umuthi ubonakala khona kalula. Ake sicabangele incazelo yayo ngokuningiliziwe.
I-barrel bark
Umuthi uqala ukuphakama kuya ku-16-30 m. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomqhele omkhulu oqala phansi kusukela emhlabathini, i-trunk ibonakala ifushane kakhulu. Ubude bayo bube yi-1.5-2.5 m. Ngaphansi isisindo, futhi sisondele emkhatsini womqhele ithola amahlumela afanayo.
Uyazi? Ngemuva kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu yokulima i-poplar emhlophe, lesi sitshalo sasivinjelwe eConnecticut. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyisikhulu esikhulu se-pollinosis esibangelwa phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi, izinkuni kubhekwa njengokhula lwendalo.
Izithombo ezincane zinegxolo elibushelelezi elibhekene nendawo efana nokubhema okwenziwe ngotshani. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe zihlukaniswa ngendawo ebomvu yesikhumba esiliva noma umbala obala okwesibhakabhaka. Izihlahla ezindala zingabonwa yizinhlanzi ezijulile namagxolo amnyama, okuvame ukuba mnyama.
Amahlamvu
Ngentwasahlobo, amaqabunga amancane, amaqabunga afana namaqabunga avela emagatsheni omhlophe. Futhi emagatsheni amadala ayabonakala futhi ahlotshisiwe, futhi ezincane ahlanganiswe ne-pubescence encane. Kuzo kukhona amahlamvu ezinhlobonhlobo. Amanye ama-specimens angase abe yi-deltoobraznye, amanye - ama-oval, ama-egg, ahlukahlukene. Ihlanganisa konke lokhu okuhlanganiswa kwefomathi isakhiwo esiqinile, usayizi namacwecwe amashidi ombala. Kusuka phezulu kukhona okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi okubushelelezi, futhi kusukela phansi - isiliva-uzizwa. Kuseduze kuya kuNovemba amahlamvu abe yiphuzi elikhanyayo, lingasunduza ngenkathi yemvula. Kodwa isici sika-Abela ukuthi ukuwa kwamaqabunga kuqala ngomqhele ohlaza. Ngokwesilinganiso, iqabunga ngalinye lifinyelela ku-12 cm ubude futhi kufika ku-10 cm ngobubanzi. Ihlanganiswe egatsheni nge-stem cylindrical stem.
Uyazi? Kuye ngezimo zokulima kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene zezemvelo, i-poplar ingashintsha ubulili besifazane kuya kwesilisa futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
Izimbali
Kuye ngezimo zezulu, isihlahla se-blooms emavikini okugcina ka-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngokuvamile le nkathi ihambisana nokuhluma kwamahlamvu.
Phakathi kwama-inflorescences wesitshalo, okuyizinsimbi ezifinyelela ku-8 cm ubude, izimbali ze-botanists zihlukanisa phakathi kwamasampula abesilisa nabesifazane. Eyokuqala ibonakala ngombala obomvu kanye ne-terracotta stamens ekhanyayo, kanti eyesibili - ngokubala kombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphandle kwalokho izifo zitholakala nje izihlahla ezinezimbali zesifazane. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kutholakala imbewu, ehlobo evuthiwe ngokuphelele. 
Izithelo
I-Achenes inesimo se-cone encane. Ezingxenyeni zokuqala zentuthuko, zihlukaniswa ngombala obala obala futhi nesakhiwo esibushelelezi. Ngezinga lokuvuthwa, umbala wabo uthola ama-brown shades alula. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, i-seed pods iguqule ngokuphelele. Ziyabona ngokucacile isibalo samagagasi, lapho okusanhlamvu okuncane okunezintambo ezithile ezide ezisekelweni. 
Uhlelo lomsuka
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zesistimu ye-poplar yezimpande ziyi- amandla futhi ubude. Ikhula ngokuya ngezici ze-physico-chemicals yenhlabathi. Ezindaweni ezimanzi, izimpande ezinezintambo zisezinhlakeni zomhlaba, futhi ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziluhlaza nezinhlabathi, zijula ngangokunokwenzeka, zifinyelela emanzini. Ngaphansi kwe-trunk ngokuvamile kuvela amahlumela amancane. Kungatholakala futhi kude kakhulu - 20 m kusuka emthini womama.
Ezinye izici
Eqinisweni, i-poplar yesiliva inezici eziningi eziyingqayizivele. Cabangela okuthakazelisayo kakhulu kubo.
Ububanzi bokuphakama ubude
Lezi zihlahla zibhekwa ngabaningi njengeziqhwaga. Amapopori aphakeme kakhulu afinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-60. Esizindeni sethu amakhophi angaphansi kwe-19 m ayitholakali. Ububanzi be-trunk endala bangafinyelela amamitha amabili ububanzi, futhi umqhele udweba ufike ku-35 m. 
Ezimweni zasemadolobheni, lezo zici ze-poplar ezimhlophe ziyakwazisa kakhulu. Ngempela, ngokusho kukadokotela wezesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ze-National Botanical Garden okuthiwa yi-N.N. Grishko we-National Academy of Sciences e-Ukraine uPeter Bulakh, lesi sitshalo siphuthuma ngokushesha futhi sishintsha kalula ekushintsheni okushisa okushisayo nezimo ezikhulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yamagatsha ahamba phambili kanye nomqhele owenziwe kakhulu, kukhona ukugcina isikhala nokuhlanzwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwemimoya emikhulu yongcoliswa yizimoto ezinzima. Usosayensi uthi ama-poplar amahlamvu akwazi ukuthatha uthuli oluqukethe izinsimbi futhi ungumholi ohlwini lwalezi zihlahla ngokusho komfutho we-filtration yasemkhathini.
Uyazi? Ngemuva kwe-poplar, ama-chestnuts nama-lindens aphakathi kwezihlungi ezintathu eziphezulu zokuhlanzeka kwemvelo.
Izinga lokukhula
Uma ubheka ama-poplars amade, kubonakala sengathi ezindaweni ezinjalo zikhula phakade. Futhi, kuvela, isilinganiso sokukhula sesiliva nezinye izinhlobo kubhalwe kuphela eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu okuqala. Izihlahla ezindala zinciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwazo, futhi eminyakeni engu-10-20 bayeka ukukhula.
Ngesinye isikhathi enhlabathini evundile, i-popram yesiliva ye-pyramidal ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwayo esiphezulu njengoba ineminyaka engama-25 ubudala. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokufika kukhula njalo ngonyaka kuya phezulu 1 m, futhi ububanzi - ngo-40 cm.
Manje ungacabanga ukuthi ijubane lithinta izinqubo zamagciwane ezakhiweni zokhuni. Isebenza kakhulu futhi ingavuselela ngisho nalapho i-trunk iphuka phakathi nesiphepho.
Ukuphila
Abakwa-Loggers bavame ukuhleka usulu ukuthi lezi zihlahla ziphile kuze kube yilapho zivunyelwe ngezikhuni namapulangwe. Kulo mdlalo wama-black, yebo, kukhona iqiniso elithile. Kodwa uma ungacabangi ukuthi i-poplar iyawa, ukuphila kwipoplar kulinganiswa emakhulwini eminyaka. Namuhla ososayensi bathi izihlahla eziningi zisinda. iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-400 kodwa kuneziqhwaga ezineminyaka engu-600 ubudala. 
Kubalulekile! Izihlahla ze-poplar azithandi ukuncintisana isikhala ngenxa yezimpande zabo, futhi ziyahlukahluka ngokusabalalisa okukhulu. Yingakho azinconywa ukuba asondele eduze kuka-15 m kusuka ezakhiweni. Uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo lungabhubhisa izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye namanzi, kanye nezisekelo zezakhiwo kanye nenhlabathi yokudonsa. I-Poplar iba yingozi kakhulu kubungozi bebumba.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ososayensi bahlale bekhuluma ngesilinganiso esihle sokusinda sokwebukeka kwesiliva. Ake sibone ukuthi yisiphi isiko esifanele kakhulu sonyaka okhulayo.
Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala
Namuhla, u-Abela waziwa nge-poplar kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kokwedlulisa. Umuthi ungabonakala emahlathini aseMedithera, aseMedithera, asemakhazeni ase-Continental nasezingeni eliphansi. Indawo yokuhlala yayo yonke insimu ye-Eurasia, hhayi i-Scandinavia. Amapulangwe asendle atholakala eduze kwamagumbi amanzi, emahlathini emifula, ama-floodplains, ama-oxbows kanye nezigodi. Ezindaweni ezise-steppe zikhululekile ukuba zikhule emhlabathini owodwa onosawoti. Futhi ezindaweni eziyidwala, lezi zimantombazane zingakhwela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ngaphezu kolwandle. 
Ngokuvamile, bahlala ngokuhlukahluka komswakama omnyama we-poplar, i-elm, i-alder, i-tamarisk, kodwa ingafakwa yodwa.
Umhlabathi, izidingo zomswakama
I-substrates enesisindo, enomanzi, elula ne-acid enhle ne-asidi engekho hlangothi yindawo ekahle ye-poplar engamanga engamanga. Kodwa uma kungekho okuhle okunjalo, lesi sitshalo singaneliswa nenhlabathi encane ye-asidi ne-alkaline, sikhuthazelele amatshe amakhulu ase-sandal, ama-loams asindayo, futhi ngisho nokuthola ubungqabavu ku-silt ne-rubble.
Kubalulekile! Umuthi uzwela kakhulu ukusika izihlahla.Lesi sitshalo sigcwalisa ngokugcwele imifula namachibi aseduze noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwempande aluhlushwa yizikhukhulo eside. Kodwa ukubekezelelana kwesomiso kwesihlahla kuvamile.
Izidingo zokukhanyisa
Mhlawumbe lokhu kuyona kuphela isimo esiyingxenye ebalulekile umuthi welanga. Ithanda ukukhanya okukhulu kwe-ultraviolet futhi kuyayidinga. Iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ne-penumbra, kodwa ezimweni ezinjalo ukukhula kwayo kuzophuza. Nakuba, ukwahlulela ngobukhulu be-poplar, isithunzi asimsongeli.
Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost
Ama-botanists agubha phezulu ukumelana kwezitshalo kumazinga okushisa aphansi. Kungaba kalula phezu kwe-30 ° C.
I-spruce, i-birch, i-larch, imisedari yase-Siberia, i-aspen, i-juniper, i-willow, i-elm ne-oki, kanye ne-poplar emhlophe, izihlahla ezingabandeki ezikwazi ukubekezelela amaqhwa amafushane.
Ukuzala
Ukuthola isithombo semifino esisha silula. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, le nqubo ingenzeka ngenqubo yembewu, futhi ezindaweni ezizungezile zezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ze-poplar yesiliva kuyasebenza kakhulu. Yenziwa ngokuhlanganisa noma ukuhlukaniswa kokukhula kwezimpande. Sizoqonda ubuqili ngokuningiliziwe.
Kubalulekile! Imbewu ye-Poplar ilahlekelwa usizo layo emva konyaka. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokugcina kwazo ziwumswakama obanda futhi ophansi.Uma uthanda ukuhlolwa kwe-botanical futhi ungumuntu obekezela futhi onethemba, khona-ke ungathatha ithuba lokuhlwanyela imbewu. Kodwa vele ulungele ukuthi ukuhluma okuvela kubo ngokushesha ngemva kokuqoqwa. Yilokho okwakudingeka ukuvuna izimbiza ze-peat bese uqhuba ukuhlwanyela.
Lokhu kwenziwa ku substrate emanzi. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ngaphandle, umbhede uyathandeka, ngaphandle kokulinda amahlumela, ukumbozwa ngendwangu encane yesikhumba semifino. Izinto ezizogcinwa zizogcina umswakama futhi zivikele okusanhlamvu ekungenikeleni isimo sezulu kanye nokuqeda imvula.
Uma izithombo zivela, zinikeze ukukhanya okuhle. Ngemuva kwalokho, emthunzini bayodonswa ngokuqinile, babe mncane futhi babe buthakathaka. Izimo ezinjalo zingabhubhisa amahlumela ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuhluma.
Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuba banikeze indlela yokutshala ngokusebenzisa izimbiza noma amaphilisi. Kulesi simo, awudingi ukuhlukanisa amahlumela amancane abe yiziqukathi ngabanye. Kodwa uma lokhu kungenziwanga, ukushiya izithombo ze-poplar ukuba zivuthwe engadini, yonke imizamo iyoba yize. Umqondo ngeke uphumelele, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lomuthi aluthandi ukuncintisana isikhala, ukudla, umswakama kanye nelanga. 
Kubalulekile! Uma unquma ukusika, qiniseka ukuthi ngamunye wabo unama-buds amaqabunga ama-2-3.Kuzo zokukhiqiza izitshalo, ukuhlanganiswa yiyona elula. Ukuthola isithombo esisha, kubalulekile ukulungiselela indaba yokutshala ngoMashi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenza ukufika kwezimoto, Ngakho-ke, wonke amagatsha ama-apical ayanqunywa, ngemva kwalokho ahlanganiswe futhi afakwe ebhodini emanzini amanzi. Ngendlela, izidakamizwa zidinga kuze kube yingxenye yomthamo. Khona-ke konke kuhlanzwa efrijini kuze kube sekutshalwe. Njengomthetho, kwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Ephreli.
Inqubo ngokwayo iqukethe ukuhlwanyela ngendlela yokuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zingcwatshwa ngaphansi komhlaba, kanti izinso ezi-1 ziyadingeka engxenyeni engenhla. Ngemva kwenyanga, kuzoba nezimpande ezincane. Kulokhu kubalulekile ukuqapha umswakama emhlabathini.
Ukuhlukaniswa komsuka - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi nenenkinga. Ngokuvamile, kuphelela ekuhlulekeni, ngenxa yokulimala kumbewu encane ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa nomsuka womama. 
Amafomu okuhlobisa
Umbala omuhle ongajwayelekile-wegolide wesiliva wamagatsha namahlamvu ekhanyayo we-poplar omhlophe anike umhlobiso ongavamile. Isihlahla sinhle ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka. Yingakho ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuklama i-landscape gardening ukwakha izingqungquthela, ukuhlela izintambo.
Uyazi? Ihektha ngalinye ngalinye lezinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu ubudala lase-Abele likhiqiza izingodo ezingaphezu kuka-200 m³.Umuthi uhambelana kahle ekwakhiweni kwezindawo zamanzi, ungakhula ngokuhambisana nezinye izitshalo ezihluke ngokugqamile futhi zodwa.
Phakathi kwamafomu ahlotshisiwe kakhulu ehlotsheni zesiliva kukhona:
- globosa - ngumuthi okhulayo ophakathi nendawo ehlelwe ngendlela ejwayelekile ngamagatsha ama-oval amaningi kanye namahlamvu amancane;
- ukukhala (pendula) - ihluke ngesiqu esincane kanye namagatsha awela phansi;
- URichard (Richardii) - kubonakala ngombala ophuzi ophezulu okhanyayo;
- white white (var.nivea) - ibonakala emangalisayo ngenxa yeqhwa elimhlophe lamaqabunga, elihluke kakhulu nesiliva.
Isicelo nesakhiwo
I-poplar emhlophe akuyona nje umhlobiso omangalisayo wezindawo zokupaka nezindawo ezigugu, kodwa futhi i-honey ehle kakhulu, ithuluzi lokuphulukisa labantu nezilwane, kanye nezinto zokwakha ezibalulekile. Ake sithole ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yimiphi imfihlo yokwehlukile kwesitshalo. 
Ikhwalithi ye-Landscape
Ngaphansi kwezimo zamagagasi okuhlanganiswa kwe-krone yevolumu kuyaziswa. Lesi sitshalo sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikelwa komlilo, ukuqiniswa kwezindawo ezisogwini. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukuphikiswa okunamandla kwesiko kuze kube nemimoya yolwandle enamandla. Kodwa, ngeshwa, leli khono liye lahleka ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi.
Abantu baye bafunda ukusebenzisa intukuthelo yezimpande ze-poplar emhlophe. Yingakho kungabonakala kuzintandane zesihlabathi eziseduze nemithambo yamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka ukuhlwanyela okukhulu kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zesiliva ze-poplar, kunconywa ukuba kugcine ibanga eliphakathi kwamagquma angama-3 m, kanye nemidwebo emigqa eminingi, lezi kufanele zibe phakathi kwemigqa, futhi ngemuva kwe-5 m zitshala imbewu entsha.
Izindawo zokwelapha
Uma uthatha sonke isihlahla se-poplar yesiliva, amahlamvu awo, izingxenye eziphezulu zezingodo nezinkuni zibhekwa njengezidliwayo. Ngokusho kososayensi, amapuleti amaqabunga ayigugu ngokuthi aqukethe i-vitamin C, i-bast eyomile ingafakwa ufulawa ngokubhaka isinkwa, futhi amagxolo aqeda izinhlungu, izinqubo zokuvuvukala, unesifo sokubulala amagciwane, isifo se-diuretic, i-astringent ne-tonic.
Ama-salicylates atholakale ezingxenyeni eziphezulu ze-poplar stem, okuyizinto ezisebenzayo zama-painkillers amaningi, kuhlanganise ne-aspirin.
I-Pharmacology isebenzisa kakhulu i-bark plant ekwakheni amalungiselelo amaningi ezokwelapha nge-rheumatism, gout, i-arthritis, ubuhlungu be-lumbar, ukungasebenzi komuthi wokugaya ukudla, umkhuhlane, i-anorexia, ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini, ukukhubazeka komzimba jikelele. 
Imithi yabantu uxwayisa izindlela zokupheka eziningi usebenzisa ama-poplar raw materials zokwelapha izilonda ezingenayo ukuphulukisa, ama-abscesses, izifo zomlomo womlomo, ama-hemorrhoids kanye nama-frostbite.
Kubalulekile! Abanye abalimi bayelulekwa ukuba basebenzise ukukhipha okubandayo kusuka emaqabeni namagatsha amancane e-poplar omhlophe njengomgqugquzeli wokukhula. Isixazululo senziwa ngokufaka izinsimbi eziluhlaza eziqoshiwe ezinamanzi ajwayelekile ngosuku.
I-Medonos
Lapho i-poplar iqhuma, izinyosi zihambela emagatsheni awo kusuka yonke indawo. Iqiniso liwukuthi umuthi unikeza impova emihle. Abafuyi bezinyosi bayaqaphela ukuthi i-poplar yesiliva iyingcosana encane ukuze ilandele izici zayo ezincibilikisayo. Impova kusuka kwabesilisa kuya kwabesifazane isakazwa yomoya. Ngisho nangenkathi yezimbali, abaningi bakhononda, bekhononda ngezifo ezibangelwa yi-poplar fluff, kodwa akunakwenzeka neze ukuqeda umuthi. Leli phephandaba kanye nabalimi bezemvelo, kanye nabanikazi bezinyosi zezinyosi, nabalimi bemithi. 
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni
Le ndaba ihlukile ukuthobeka, ukukhanya kanye ne-kruplovernostyu. Kulula ukusebenza naye. Ngaphakathi kwezinkuni kubonakala umbala ophuzi ophuzi. У старых экземпляров оно становится бурым и твёрдым. Заболонь по сравнению с ним менее прочная.Iqukethe umswakama okuningi oheha isikhunta, izinambuzane. Ngenxa yalokho, le ngxenye yomuthi ivame ukuvuleka.
Embonini yemithi, i-poplar emhlophe iphinda isetshenziswe kabusha ekwenzeni iphepha, i-pulp, ukujika nokuhlanganisa, amabhodi, i-plywood, i-parquet, imithi, izakhiwo zokwakha, izinto zokupakisha. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagxolo esitshalo athola isicelo salo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza idayi ephuzi nesikhumba esikhuniwe.
Kodwa ukubaluleka okukhulu kwe-poplar emhlophe kungukuthi ikhono lokuhlanza umoya nokukhulula okwanele oksijini. Lezi zimfanelo zinamandla kakhulu kunenkinga yesikhashana ehambisana nokushayela okuhambayo yonke indawo. Futhi amakhophi wesifazane kuphela ayasakaza, futhi kuphela amadoda angamadoda asetshenziselwa isiko.
