Intuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, okuhle, akufanelekile. Ihlinzeka ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi womuntu ngokuqedela umsebenzi ngokushesha nangcono. Ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu abukhombisi imboni yezolimo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, namuhla kuveza inani elikhulu lezolimo izindlela kanye nabalimi - Lesi yisibonelo esicacile. Iyini imishini yokuhlwanyela?
Incazelo nenjongo
I-seeder iyisidingo esisetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezitshalo ezihlukahlukene emhlabathini. Ezimweni eziningi, umshini usetshenziselwa ukusakaza umquba noma ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezindaweni eziningi zezitshalo.
Kuyinto yanamuhla okunye ukusabalalisa okusanhlamvu ngesandla noma ngesihlungo, okungakwandisa kakhulu isivuno. Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi imbewu isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo futhi ngokushesha ekujuleni okudingekayo. Ikhwalithi yenqubo ayithinteki nganoma iyiphi indlela ngezimiso zesimo sezulu noma ukuvinjelwa kwemimoya yomoya, lapho, lapho uhlwanyela ngesandla, usakaze izinto zokutshala ezindaweni eziseduze. Amamodeli amasha afaka nokucaca kwe-pneumatic. Ukuhlelwa kwezigxobo, kanye nemikhiqizo yabo kanye nesakhiwo esiphezulu somsebenzi, kuzocatshangelwa phambili.
Uyazi? I-planter yokuqala ye-iron yasungulwa e-China ngekhulu lama-II BC, kodwa eYurophu injalo idivayisi yayinelungelo lobunikazi kuphela ekhulwini le-XVI AD futhi lathuthukiswa ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kweBrithani kwezolimo.
Isici esibalulekile somshini ngamunye we-seeding ububanzi bokubamba. Ngokuvamile lesi sici sizokwaziwa ngokushesha, njengoba siboniswa kumkhiqizo wedivayisi (isibonelo, i-C3 - 3.5). Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-seeder iyi-okusanhlamvu futhi inebubanzi bamamitha ayi-3.5. Ngakho-ke, emva kokubona ukumaketha komshini, umuntu angaqonda ukuthi kuhloswe ukuthi kusetshenziswe okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo futhi isikhathi ngasinye ngamapayipi ayo kuzocubungula ingxenye yamamitha angu-3.5 ububanzi. Kule ndawo kulula ukubala ukuthi iyiphi indawo yokuhlwanyela ingahlanganiswa ngokuhambela kanye kusukela ekupheleni komunye kwensimu kuya kwenye. Ngakho-ke, uma wazi isivinini sokuhamba komshini, kulula kakhulu ukubala isikhathi esidinga ukutshala.
Umklamo nomgomo wokusebenza
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi imbewu iyini, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuklama kwayo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza. Lo mshini oqukethe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
- i-apparatus eneshubhu yembewu yokuhlwanyela okusanhlamvu, okuyiwona futhi okudlayo;
- amabhokisi amaningana, amathini noma ezinye iziqukathi ezinama-agitators (ukusiza ukugeleza kwembewu engcono) yokugcina impahla yokutshala;
- idivayisi (isibonelo, umlimi) wokwakhiwa kwemifula emhlabathini, lapho imbewu izobe ingena khona;
- indlela yokugcwalisa ama-grooves nenhlabathi ngemuva kokubanjwa kwezinhlamvu nokulinganisa inhlabathi.
Emishini eyenzelwe imbewu kanye nomanyolo (tuk) ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhokisi okusanhlamvu avame ukutholakala ngaphambili kwendlela, futhi i-tuk ngemuva. I-seeder yesimanje ihamba emkhakheni ngogandaganda ngesivinini esingaba ngu-13 km / h.
Uyazi? Emasimini aseSoviet Union, akusiyo kuphela inzalo eyaziwayo, kodwa futhi umlimi-umlimi, okuyiwona okwazi ukuhlwanyela enhlabathini engaphenduliwe (izinhlanga).
Ngemva kokutadisha umklamo, isimiso sokusebenza kwe-drill siyacaca: umshini, okwenza ukujikeleza nxazonke engadini, kwenza izimpande, zitshala izinto zokutshala ekujuleni okudingekayo kanye nebanga, umanyolo wamaminerali (uma kudingekile), futhi ngenxa yalokho, ubhekene nemifula enhlabathini, okwenza kube yifane. Imbewu ithululelwa emgodini wembewu ngenxa yokujikeleza kwemigodi, futhi ukuphela kwezimbewu zezinhlanzi zihlangana nomlimi. Le nqubo idinga inani eliphansi leminyaka nomzamo kumuntu. Umnikazi wensimu, kulokhu, ulawula kuphela impilo yomshini.
Izitshalo zokutshala imbewu kungaba ngumshini kanye ne-pneumatic. Ngaphambili kwakhulunywa ngokunemba okukhethekile, okungokwamanye amakhophi wemishini yokuhlwanyela. Lokhu akulona nje kodwa isimangaliso sobuchwepheshe, okuthiwa i-planter eqondile. Idivayisi enjalo iyindlela yokwenza yonke indawo ehlwanyelwe; ifakwe isimiso se-pneumatic for seeding. Izinzuzo zayo:
- Igebe elihle phakathi kwezinto zokutshala.
- Ikhwalithi enkulu yasensimini.
- Sula ukuhlola okuphelile.
- Lungiselela ukuvunwa kwekusasa.
Izinhlobo
Imishini yokuhlwanyela iyimishini ejwayelekile emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi anezici ezithile zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, lezi zindlela zingahlukaniswa zibe yinto yonke futhi ekhethekile. Uhlobo lokuqala lungasetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela noma yikuphi okusanhlamvu: ukolweni, izithelo, noma ummbila. Izindawo ezikhethekile zikhethekile kulolu hlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo. Cabangela izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemishini nencazelo yabo. Imishini yokudoba ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokusho kohlobo lwe-traction, indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu kanye namasiko (ngokwezifiso).
Ngokuhlwanyela indlela
Okuthandwa kakhulu yiyona ndlela yokuhlwanyela (ukutshala), okubandakanya izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinhlamvu:
- isikwele-isikhala luhlobo olusetshenziselwa ukubeka iqembu lamaqabunga phezulu kwezikwere / ama-rectangles;
- Ngasese - idivaysi yokuhlwanyela isiko eduze / ithaphu ngaphandle kwezikhala;
- Ukwakha isidleke - indlela yokusabalalisa isidleke sembewu emgqeni ngamunye / itekisi;
- ukusabalalisa - umshini wokuhlwanyela okusanhlamvu kwezinhlamvu phezu kwendawo yonke (isibonelo, utshani);
- inothi (okukodwa-okusanhlamvu) yizinhlobo ezihloswe ukuba kube nokuhlelwa kwembewu okufanayo, okuchazwe ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Indlela yokuhlwanyela umshini ikhethwa, icabangela isiko esithile, ubukhulu bendawo ehlwanyelwe kanye nenhlobo yomhlabathi (ukwakheka kwayo, ukuzala nokulungela ukulima).
Ngomusa we-traction
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemishini ngokwehlobo lwe-traction kuyahlukanisa, kuye ngokuthi imishini eyenza inzalo ihambe kanjani ukuhlwanyela:
- ugandaganda (egibele / elandelwayo) - indlela elawulwa ngugandaganda, ngokulandelana, ikhula ngesivinini esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuhamba phakathi kwensimu;
- Ukuphakama - umshini oxhumene nehhashi yehhashi ngosizo lwezintambo ezikhethekile;
- manual - seeder, ehamba ngosizo lomzamo womuntu.
- i-chassis eyakhelwe ngokuzenzekelayo - imodeli ngokuzimela ngokugcwele.
Ngokujwayelekile indlela yokuhlwanyela ifakwe kudraktari, ngezinye izikhathi ukuya enqoleni yehhashi. I-Mass yenza okukhiqizwa yi-trekta. Namuhla kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthola amadivaysi angama-manual, lokhu kungumcabango wamamyuziyamu, ngoba ukusebenza kwabo kunzima kakhulu futhi akunamandla.
Ngesiko
Njengoba sekuvele kubonisiwe ngaphambilini, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo luni lwakalinywa, imishini efanelekayo nayo ikhethiwe. Le mishini ibhekwa izingxenye ezithile zezinkampani zabo, ezivumelaniswe nhlobo uhlobo oluthile lwesiko, okumele lukhule. Lokhu okukhethekile kwenziwa ngale ndlela:
- okusanhlamvu;
- okusanhlamvu-amakhambi;
- amafutha-okusanhlamvu;
- okusanhlamvu nemifino;
- ukotini;
- i-flaxseed;
Funda kabanzi ngamathuba nezinzuzo zokusebenzisa amataretha kwezolimo: MTZ-892, MTZ-80, MTZ-1221, T-150, amaKrovets K-9000, T-25,
Izici zokusebenza
Izindlela zokuhlwanyela zanamuhla ziyingqayizivele, ezakhiwa ekusetshenzisweni kwazo hhayi ohlelweni lendabuko lokutshala inhlabathi, kodwa futhi "kulondolozo". Uhlobo lokuqala lokucubungula luyalima. Uhlobo lwesibili, olubizwa nangokuthi ubuncane, lubhekene nomthelela wokuzinikela ngokukhishwa njalo kwenhlabathi. Abalimi bendawo yonke banesimo esihle sokusebenza. Umshini ngamunye wokuhlwanyela okusanhlamvu usebhokisini elihlukile. Ngaphansi kwalo kukhona i-valve yokuhlwanyela izinto zokutshala. Ububanzi beli valve bulungiswa kalula nge-bolt, kuye ngokuthi usayizi wezinhlamvu, kungaba kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-53 cm.
Kubalulekile! Uma umkhiqizi ebeka umkhiqizo wayo njengesithombo sembewu yonke, khona-ke amandla okuba imbewu kufanele abe ne-valve eguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo zizobanjwa noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, zichithe ngamanani amaningi.
Lezi zinhlayiya ezilandelayo kufanele zisetshenziswe, kuye ngokuthi imbewu:
- encane - 0.5-2 mm;
- ezinkulu - 7-10 mm.
Ukujula kwemifula enhlabathini kungabuye kulungiswe ngosizo lweziphethu ezikhethekile noma ezinye izindlela, ngoba izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo ziyahlukahluka ezimfuno zabo zokujula imbewu. Abaningi be-seeders banezici ezikhethekile zokubonisa ukuzenzekelayo ezilawula inqubo. Ukuze kusebenze isikhathi eside, abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka ukukhetha abatshali ngamathangi okusanhlamvu okwenziwa nge-fiberglass. Lezi zinto zizohlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kune-polymeric yendabuko, njengoba ingesabi ama-ray abandayo nabandayo, ayivumeli ukuguquguquka futhi ayikwenzi ngamakhemikhali.
Izindleko zemishini yokutshala zihlukahluka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukhethe i-seeder ngokusho kwesilinganiso sezinga eliphakeme "lentengo-izinga".
