Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zekhukhamba kune-hybrid eyodwa ekhuliswe ngamandla amashumi eminyaka ngabalimi basekhaya. Kuthiwani "Rodniche", izici ezibonakala zikhangisa kakhulu izakhamuzi zasehlobo eziningi. Masihambe futhi sizothola ukuthi kungani izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zithandwa kakhulu nokuthi zingakuthola kanjani isivuno sekhwalithi esiphezulu lapho sikhula ngesiqephu sakho.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ukhukhamba "Spring" kubhekisela kuwo iqembu lokuvuthwa eliphakathi, impova ivela ngosizo lwezinyosi. Lezi zitshalo ezide kakhulu, ezihlukaniswa yi-branched eqinile kakhulu futhi uhlobo oluthile lwama-flower form formation. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zinambitheka kakhulu futhi zifanele kokubili ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zokulondolozwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, amakhukhamba alungele ukuvuna kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-52 emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala, kodwa akudingeki uvune sonke isivuno ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Hlola izinhlobo ezihlukene kakhulu zekhukhamba: Festoon yaseSiberia, Hector F1, Namacici Emerald, uCrispina F1, Taganai, Palchik, Lukhovitsky, Colonel Real no Masha f1.Izithelo zivuthiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho-ke unesikhathi sokuzijabulela ngokugcwele. Zibonakala ngombala obala ohlaza futhi isisindo somuntu ngamunye u-90-110 g, ubude buka-9-12 cm. Esikhumbeni kukhona izingxenye ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezimhlophe ezimhlophe, futhi ama-spikes amnyama angavamile abonakala kuwo wonke umhlaba. Uma kunqunywe, isithelo sinomnandi kakhulu, siqhakazile, asisibaba futhi singenayo i-voids.
Kulezi zihlukahlukene, ukubunjwa kwe-omee kuyinto ephawulekayo, cishe u-2-3 ngesisindo ngasinye, futhi kuze kufike amahlumela amahlanu angavela esitshalweni esisodwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse usebenzisa i-trellis, ungakwazi ukuvuna kuze kube ngu-17-25 kg wezitshalo kusuka ku-1 m², kanti uma ubeka enhlabathini evulekile, lezi zibalo zilula kakhulu futhi ziba ngu-5-7 kg. Ngaphezu kokuvuna okuningi, "i-Spring" inezimpawu ezinhle zomkhiqizo wamakhukhamba okumnandi.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Akunzima ukwahlulela ngezinye izinzuzo ze-"F1 F1" hybrid, ngokusekelwe enchazweni engenhla, kepha akukhona konke izinzuzo zaleli likhikhamba. Kufanele bangeze okulandelayo:
- idatha enhle yangaphandle nesinambitha;
- lula ukukhula nokunakekela izitshalo;
- ukumelana kahle nezifo ezihlukahlukene (isibonelo, i-anthracnose, i-olive blotch, i-bacteriosis);
- amathuba okukhula emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nezimo zokushisa;
- isivuno esikhulu, esingencike ngokukhethekile ekunakekeleni;
- kungenzeka ukuthutha ukuthengiswa okulandelayo.
Kubalulekile! Uma ufuna ukukhulisa lezi zihlukahlukene kuphela ukuze uthole ukuthengiswa okungeziwe, kungcono ukutshala izitshalo ngokushesha ekushiseni okushisa, lapho kuzoba khona okukhangayo, futhi uzokwazi ukuvuna isivuno esikhulu.Naphezu kohlu oluningi lwezinzuzo, umuntu akakwazi ukukhipha ukuthi kukhona khona ukushiyeka okuthile kwezihlukahlukene. Ngakho, ukunakekelwa okungahleleki akusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukunqanda ukugqoka, ukuchelela nezinye izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical, ngoba ukungabi nhlobo kwamanzi emhlabathini ngokuvamile kuholela ekutheni kutholakale ukunambitheka kwe-Springnic, izithelo ziqala ukunambitha okubabayo futhi zingasetshenziswa kuphela ukulondolozwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhohlwa ngemithetho yokugcina isitshalo, ngoba ukhukhamba eshiye ekamelweni elifudumele lizolahlekelwa amandla ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi lizoqala ukuphela.
Izici nokungafani kwezinye izinhlobo
Ngezindlela eziningi, izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ezichazwe zifana nezinye ikhukhamba eziningi, kodwa kukhona umehluko owodwa wesici - kulokhu konke babe nobude obufanayo nobujamo, ukuthi kusukela ohlangothini lobuhle ubukeka bukhangayo kakhulu. Zonke "iziphethu" zifana nokukhethwa, okubuye kube nobufakazi obuhle kakhulu bokuthi ukukhula kwale makhukhamba ngenjongo yokuthengisa. 
Ukufika
Ukutshala izinhlobo zekhukhamba ezihlukahlukene "Spring" inikeza izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilandelanayo, futhi kuye ngokuthi isayithi lokutshala (abamba ukushisa noma izingadi ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka evulekile) uzoba nokuhluka okuhlukile. Noma kunjalo, sizoqonda ukuqala ngama-nuances wokulungiselela ukutshala izinto.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Kulolu hlobo lwekhukhamba, cishe yonke imbewu iyinsikazi, okusho ukuthi ukushisa okujwayelekile isikhathi eside akudingekile kulokhu. Noma kunjalo, basuke befudumala kancane ngaphambi kokutshala ngokuqondile (inqubo isisiza ukubhubhisa ama-pathogens), bese igxila emanzini okuhluma noma ukuvuvukala.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka uthenge imbewu kugobolondo elimibalabala, akudingeki izinyathelo zokulungiselela, izinto zokutshala azikwazi ukufudumala noma ukugxila, kungenjalo kunengozi enkulu yokulimala kugobolondo.
Ukulima ngaphandle
Amalungiselelo okutshala ukhukhamba "Spring" F1 endaweni evulekile iqala ekwindla, lapho zonke izinsalela zotshwala nezindwangu zishiswa, futhi inhlabathi iyabanjwa. Emva kwalokho, udinga ukulungisa isisombululo se-percent-percent ye-bleach futhi uyisebenzise kuyo yonke ingilazi, izinkuni nezinsimbi zensimbi ezikule ndawo. Inhlabathi ayigcini nje kuphela, kepha inkukhu yezinkukhu noma i-rotted cow dung ifakwe kulo, yize kungenayo into ephilayo epulazini, ungasebenzisa amakhemikhali alungisiwe (amakhukhamba asabela kahle ku-potassium), kuphela ngenothi "yamakhukhamba".
Amakhukhamba okutshala kangcono emigqeni, okuvumela ukuthi uzinakekele kalula, futhi esikhathini esizayo kuyoba lula ukuvuna. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane njalo uhamba ibanga lika 25-30 cm, kepha ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lingaphezulu futhi lingaba ngu-70 cm. 
Uma utshala, imbewu ka Rodnichka igxila emhlabathini ngamasentimitha amabili, ephuziswa kahle futhi ehlanganiswe nefilimu noma i-agrofibre, ezobavikela ekungeneni kweqhwa lokubuya. Ukhukhamba lalezi zihlukahlukene zihluma masinyane, futhi ungabona izithombo zokuqala kakade ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Njengoba ukwanda okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa ngaphandle nomsebenzi ophezulu we-solar, izindawo zokungcebeleka zesikhashana zisuswe ukuze izitshalo ezincane ziphefumule kancane. Futhi Ungakhohlwa ukuqapha umswakama womhlabathi: akufanele kukhishwe.
Phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo kwamaqabunga namahlumela, ukhukhamba zondliwa ngama-nitrogen-containing containing compounds, kanti ngenkathi yezimbali, izingxube ze-phosphorus zifaneleke kakhulu, kanti uma wenza ama-ovari, kuyoba usizo ukufaka i-potassium ne-nitrogen emhlabathini.
Uyazi? Ukhukhamba ungenye yezitshalo ezimbalwa ngomlando weminyaka eyinkulungwane wemvelaphi yazo. Ngakho-ke, beyaziwa njengasemuva eminyakeni engaba ngu-6 000 edlule, futhi bakholelwa ukuthi bavela emvinini eminingi yemifino ende eyakhula ezindaweni ezishisayo, okuyiyona manje eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhushulwa kwamakhukhamba okushisa noma ekhaya kudinga isikhathi esincane nokuzikhandla kunokulimala emhlabathini ovulekile, kodwa lokhu akunjalo. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuleli cala zonke izimo ze-phytosanitary, izimo ezincane ze-microclimatic kumele zibonwe, futhi ngaphezu kwalokhu, izidingo zokunakekelwa kwezithombo azikwazi ukunakwa.
Ngokuvamile ukutshala izithombo kuqala ngokuphathwa kwembewu ukugqugquzela ukukhula ngesikhathi esisodwa kwembewu, okwakulungiswa kahle ngo-Epin, Etamon, iZircon noma i-Narcissus. Njenge-substrate yokugcwalisa izimbiza ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini noma abadwebi baphelele Izingxube ezilungiselelwe ezikhethekile ukutshala izitshalo zemifino, noma ngabe ufuna ukusindisa, khona-ke ungalungisa i-substrate enjalo. Esikhathini esilandelayo, izingxenye ezikhona zomhlabathi ofanele kakhulu kuyoba inhlabathi evundile ebhedeni, i-peat kanye ne-humus, ethathwe ngokulinganisela okulinganako. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuba ugcwalise le ngxube ibe yizimbiza, kuyasiza ukuyiphatha ngezingqikithi ezikhethekile zokungcola (isibonelo, amalungiselelo "Gamair", "Fitosporin" no "Planriz"). 
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yekhukhamba elithi "Spring", izimbiza ezinomthamo we-50-55 ml ngokujula kokutshala kwe-1.5 cm zifanelekile. Kuze kube yilapho imbewu ihluma, izinkomba zokushisa ekamelweni lezithombo kufanele zibe yi-+25 ° C, bese zinciphisa ngo-5 ° C emini kanye no-10 ° C ebusuku. Ukuqoqa izitshalo kwenziwa ezitsheni ezihlukene ezilinganisa 4.5 x 4.5 cm kanye nevolumu engaba ngu-80 ml.
Ukunakekela
Kuzo zonke ukhukhamba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza izidingo ezilandelayo ezikhulayo: ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ezingxenyeni ezigcotshwe kahle zomsoco, ngokunakekelwa okunye okudingekayo ukukhumbula ukuchelela njalo kuphela ngamanzi afudumele kanye nokugqoka okujwayelekile (cishe kanye njalo emva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwezinto ezihlukahlukene). Izingxenye ezibalulekile zezitshalo zokuhlala izitshalo zizobe zimanzi futhi zifudumele, ukukhanya okuhle. Ake sikhulume ngazo zonke lezi zidingo uma kwenzeka "sikhula".
Ukunisela
Njengamanye ama-ukhukhamba, ukuchelela ama-hybri echazwe nsuku zonke kusihlwa bese usebenzisa amanzi afudumele namanzi alula. Akudingekile ukukhukhula izitshalo "ngenqolobane", ngoba ama-puddles ahlala eduze nezimpande kungabangela ukuba zibole. Ngokuvamile lezi zenzakalo zibhekwa emhlabathini onesimiso sokungcola kahle noma ezindaweni ezivulekile ezisesimweni sezulu eside. 
Kubalulekile! Ngokupholisa okunamandla kuyadingeka ukunciphisa inani lokudla okuneziketshezi, kepha uma umhlaba ukhale kakhulu, kungcono ukufeza inqubo ekuseni.Ezimweni zokushisa, ukuchelela kufanele kube okulinganayo nokusetshenziswa kwamalitha angu-4-5 amanzi ngesikwele ngasinye ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele ezitshalweni. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamaqabunga amaqabunga futhi "ukuphoqa" ukugxila kuwo wonke amabutho abo ekubunjweni kwenani elikhulu lama-ovari. Ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga avela ezitshalweni (ikakhulukazi uma sezivele ziqala ukuqhakaza), ukuchelela kwenziwa njalo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, besebenzisa ama-9-10 amalitha amanzi ngalunye. Ekupheleni kwenqubo yezimbali, inani lokuchelela liyancipha libe li-1 esikhathini ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Uma ihlobo lishisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngaphezu kokusungulwa okujwayelekile kwetshezi emhlabathini, ungasifaka ingilazi ebamba lokushisa ngesisombululo, bese ufafaza amaqabunga ngamanzi afudumele ebhodleleni le-spray. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Cishe wonke amakhukhamba asabela kahle ekusebenzeni komquba emhlabathini, kanti okuchazwayo okuhlukahlukeneyo akuhlukile. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kugqoka kungasetshenziswa kuphela ngendlela yokungena, ngoba ukulungiswa okukuyo ibhakede lamanzi kuhlanza i-litre elilodwa lomquba omusha bese ulishiya ukuze linikeze izinsuku ezingu-10-14. Ukwakhiwa okuphelile ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa okuqondile kungaphezulu kokuhlanjululwa emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1:10. Noma kunjalo, umanyolo olandelayo uzoba usizo kakhulu kumanyolo wokuqala "Spring": ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi udinga ukuthatha u-10-15 g we-ammonium nitrate, 15-20 g we-potassium sulfate, 20-25 g we-superphosphate futhi emva kokuxuba zonke izithako, uthele ukumnika okulungiselelwe kokutshala Ukubala mix 1 ibhakede for 10-15 izitshalo.
Ukuqinisekisa isivuno esikhulu samakhukhamba, funda ukuthi ungondla ukhukhamba kanjani ngesikhathi sezimbali nezimbali.Isikhathi sesibili ukutshala ukutshala ukhukhamba kufanele emva kwezinsuku ezingu-14 lapho beqala ukuqhakaza nama-ovari avele kubo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ama-organic compounds afaneleke kakhulu kunendima yamakhemikhali okudla okunomsoco: umquba okhulunywe ngenhla kanye nomquba wezinkukhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalitha ayi-10 alowo manyolo angeke avimbele ukungeza u-5-10 g we-nitrophosphate, 1 inkomishi yokhuni, i-0.5 g ye-boric acid, i-0.3 g ye-manganese sulphate. Kulesi simo, imitha eyi-1 yemifula, sebenzisa i-3 amalitha omxazululo womanyolo, othululwa emithonjeni elungiselelwe kusengaphambili ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
Njengendlela ehlukile, umquba wokugaya amaminerali ungasetshenziselwa ukondla okwesibili, kodwa kulokhu i-potassium kufanele ibe nitrogen engaphezulu.
Okwesithathu i-Rodnichka igqoka enye izinsuku ezingu-14 emva kwalokho, futhi manje kusetshenziselwa umquba omningi ohlanjululwayo: ama-10 amalitha udinga ukuthatha izipuni ezimbili kuphela ze-mullein. Ukudla okufanayo kufanele umanyolo wesine (kwamanye amasonto amabili).
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokudla izitshalo ngamunye zidinga ukuchelela okuningi.
Ukuphalaza
Ukuphalaza i-Cranberry Spring ikhukhamba kungenziwa ngokuphelele ngezinhloso ezehlukene: ukudla okuphefumula, ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzane noma ekutheni, ukunyuka okunye kwezitshalo. Esikhathini sokuqala, isixazululo esilandelayo sokusebenza silungele ukwelashwa okungafani: 1 g ye-orthoboric acid, 30 g we-nitassium nitrate, i-0.1 g ye-zinc sulfuric acid, i-60 g ye-superphosphate, i-150 g we-urea ne-0.4 g yengezwa ibhakede lamanzi (10 l). manganese sulfate. Ngezinhloso zokuzivikela, ngokuvamile usebenzise izidakamizwa "I-Topaz" ne "Confidor", uwasebenzise ngokuya ngemiyalelo. Ngokuqondene nokunisela, ukupuniza kwenziwa ngokufafaza.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngeshwa, naphezu kokuphikiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene "ezifweni zekhukhamba" ezivamile, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungabikho ngokuphelele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esithile. Ngakho-ke, sibheka izifo ezivame kakhulu nezindlela zokulwa nazo lapho zikhula "Spring".
- Idonsa likaMealy. Kubonakala ngokubunjwa kwamaphuzu amancane okukhanyayo engxenyeni yangaphandle yeqabunga lamaqabunga lamakhukhamba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, "bayakhanka" kuwo wonke umuthi, ngenxa yokuthi izibhamu ziphenduka obomvu futhi maduzane ziwa phansi ngokuphelele. Isizathu sokuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kuvame ukuphuza ngokweqile futhi kusakazekile kwisayithi ngamakhukhamba enokhula, futhi ukubhekana nalesi sifo futhi silondoloze iningi lesitshalo, wonke amaqabunga abonakalisiwe nemivimbo yemifino kudingeka iqoqwe futhi ishiswe. Izitshalo ezisele ziphathwa nge-sulfur powder emhlabathini besebenzisa u-25-30 g wezinto eziyi-10 m2.
- I-Perinosporosis. Kakade ezinyathelweni zokuqala zalesi sifo, amaqabunga ama-specks abonakala ngokucacile umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-tinge oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, banda ngesayizi, futhi phansi kweshidi nakho kubonakala kuhlaselwa, kodwa sekuvele kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Endabeni yalesi sifo, kulula ukuyivimbela kunokuzama ukuphulukisa, okusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu kumele kusetshenzwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, futhi uma kusetshenziselwa izitshalo kuphela amanzi afudumele asetshenziswa. Esigabeni esisebenzayo sesifo, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-Bordeaux ingxube.
- I-Anthracnose ibonakala indawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga, ngemuva kwalokho i-pink bloom ivela ezihlahleni. Njengenguqulo yangaphambilini, izitshalo ezigulayo zinconywa ukuba ziphathwe nge-Bordeaux ingxube, yenza inqubo okungenani izinsuku ezingu-4-5 ngaphambi kokuvuna okuhlosiwe.
Uyazi? Ezindaweni zezwe lethu, sijwayele ukukhula nokudla ukhukhamba aluhlaza nge-shades ehlukene, kodwa kunezinye imibala emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, ingaba mhlophe, iphuzi futhi ibomvu. Izinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu zibhekwa njengekhukhamba yamangwenya (momordica), okuyinto, esimweni sayo esivuthiwe, ifana nomlomo wechunge ophuzi ophuzi nolunye ulimi oluvuvukala embala obomvu obomvu.
- Ukubola okumhlophe. Njengoba leli gama lisho, lesi sifo sibonakala ngesimo se-mucous esimhlophe esimhlophe, sidonsa amaqabunga ekhukhamba kanye neziqu. Ukubhekana nayo, zonke izingxenye ezithinteka ngokubola ziyakunqunywa bese zishiswa, bese izitshalo zokugcina izithombo noma imibhede zingasetshenziswa nge-disinfected, kanti izitshalo zondliwa ngenhlanganisela ekhethekile: 2 g we-sulfate yethusi kanye no-10 g we-urea kufanele kuthathwe ibhakede lamanzi. Ilitha elilodwa laleli thuluzi lanele 10 m².
- Umsuka wokubola. Kulokhu, into yalesi sifo yisimiso sezinkamba, futhi kaningi isizathu sokuthuthukiswa kwayo kuyisisetshenziswa sembewu ephansi, ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini ebandayo kakhulu, ukuchelela okubandayo noma i-substrate esebenzile. Ukuze ulwe nesifo, udinga ukumba izimpande, ufafaze ngesihlabathi, i-sawdust entsha noma u-choki, ngaphambi kokukhipha izingxenye ezimele. Izindawo ezinqunywe zifafazwe ngomlotha, futhi inhlabathi ezungeze izimpande iphuphule nge-bleach eyomile nge-200 g ngalinye nge-10 m².
- Cladosporiosis - Okunye ukugula okuvamile kwamakhukhamba. Kuboniswa inqwaba yamachashazi amanzi esithelweni esivinini, okugcina ekukhuleni nasekukhuni. Njengendlela yokuvimbela, ukhukhamba ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-15% seBordeaux, kanti ingxube efanayo yeBordeaux ne-oxychloride yethusi isetshenziselwa ukulwa nalesi sifo.
Ngendlela yokulima efanele kanye nokuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele, ngeke ube nezinkinga namakhukhamba akwaRodnichok, futhi zonke lezi zifo, njengezilokazane ezinokwenzeka, ngeke zivele ezitshalweni, ikakhulukazi njengoba incazelo yalezi zinhlobo ze-hybrid ikhuluma ngokumelene nayo. Ngomzamo omncane kakhulu, maduzane imisebenzi yakho izovuzwa ngamakhukhamba ahlwabusayo futhi acunulayo.
