Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, izitshalo zasendle zithandeka kakhulu kubazingeli nama-ornithologists. Bafana nabafowabo abafuywayo basekhaya, bangabomndeni wamadada, kodwa behlukile ngokubukeka. Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezingu-10 zamahansi zasendle. Ngokuhlukile, izi-ornithologists zihlukanisa ama-goose, angaphandle, nakuba afana ne-goose, kodwa anesayizi encane futhi ayishicileli ukuqagela okujwayelekile kokuqagela. Ngokuqhubekayo esihlokweni esizoxoxa ngazo ngokuningiliziwe ngezinhlobo ezikhona zezinsizane zasendle ngencazelo yabo eningiliziwe.
Grey
Grey Geese babhekwa njengabokhokho bezingane ezifuywayo, kwakungokukhokho babo abaqala ukuvakasha eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1 300 BC. i-er Bangabameleli abakhulu kunazo zonke nabanamandla kakhulu. 
Abantu bezinhlobo zezilwane bahlukaniswa ngamapuphu aphuzi amancane, intamo eqinile yezinhlanzi, nomlomo omkhulu wombala obomvana noma obomvu. Isisindo somzimba siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-2.5 ukuya ku-6 kg, ubude be-carcass buyi-75-90 cm, kanti amaphiko aphakathi kuka-180 cm. Abesilisa nabesilisa abanalo umehluko embala wezintambo zabo;
Uyazi? I-goose esanda kuzalwa izocabangela into yokuqala ayibona ngemva kokuzalwa.Ukudla okunamafutha okugayi ikakhulukazi ekutshalweni kwesitshalo: utshani, ama-acorns, okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo, amaqabunga amancane, amaqabunga. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubhekwa njengezinambuzane zomhlaba wezolimo.
Unomlomo ohlotshaniswa ngokukhethekile wokudla ukudla okutshalayo: ubude futhi buncane emhlabathini, hhayi okubanzi futhi okuphansi okutshalwe njengezinyoni ezifuywayo. 
Amahansi amhlophe ayingqayizivele - uma izinyoni zakha i-pair, zihlala kuwo ukuze ziphile, okuwukuphela kokuphela kokufa komunye wabalingani.
Ngekuwa, imfuyo eminingi yezinsikazi eziphuzi zibalekela ezindaweni zayo zokuhlala eziya eningizimu. Bahamba emaqenjini amancane ase-V, bese bebuthana emakoloni amakhulu entshonalanga naseningizimu ye-Europe futhi banamathela amanoni, behlala emigodini yemifula, emagqumeni.
Ukudla kubanjwe ikakhulukazi emini, bangaya kude ezweni befuna ukudla, kodwa ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi baziphatha ngokucophelela futhi baya ekudleni ebusuku, babuyele ekuphumeni kokusa.
Ngenxa yentuthuko ejulile yezolimo, ama-gray geese anqatshelwe amazwe afanelekayo, kodwa asakazeke kulo lonke elaseCentral neMpumalanga Yurophu kanye neningi lase-Asia. 
I-subspecies kanye nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezidumile - amajuba, amadada, izigwaca, ama-partridges, izinyoni ze-Guinea, amaphiko, ama-turkeys, ukuhlobisa nokulwa, inyama namaqanda izinkukhu zingamangala.
I-white (i-polar)
Ngokusekelwe egameni kuyacaca ukuthi amasayithi okudumisa ama-intandokazi i-white polar amazwe aseCanada, engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSiberia nasenyakatho yeGreenland. Ngokuvamile, zingatholakala eWrangel Island, ensimini yeChukotka naseYakutia. 
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-goose emhlophe iyinyoni efudukayo noma cha, singasho ngokuqiniseka: yebo - lezi yizinyoni ezifudukayo, ezifudukela eGulf of Mexico ebusika. Namuhla, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengokuqothulwa ngenxa yeshushiso esinonya nokuqothulwa ngabantu.
Ukubukeka kwalesi sizukulwane kuyamangalisa kakhulu - inqwaba yeqhwa leqhwa, elimnyama noma elimpunga lamaphiko alo, intamo emifushane emifushane, i-pink beak kanye ne-paws. Ukulandela isibonelo samadada amaningi, imibhangqwana idalwe impilo.
Uyazi? Ukuze uvikele amaqanda esiqhingini esiyingozi se-fox, ama-goose amhlophe akhetha ukwakha izidleke eduze nendawo yokuhlala ye-polar owl, okuyinto isitha esingokwemvelo se-polar fox.Lezi zinyoni ziyizinyoni ezinobungane nezinhlalakahle, zihlala emaqenjini amakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ziya kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana. Bondla ngokuyinhloko ukudla okutshalwe yi-arctic plant: mosses, lichens, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela, kanye nezinhlamvu kanye okusanhlamvu.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthola ukuthi izinyoni, amadada, amaphiko, izintshe, ama-partridges namajuba zigcinwa kanjani.
Intaba
Kusukela egameni lenyoni kusobala ukuthi le ihansi ihlala endaweni entaba - I-Central naseNingizimu Asia ibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala kuyo. Ukuzala okuvamile eChina, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan. Ebusika, imihlambi yezintaba zezintaba iyahamba iya ezindaweni eziphansi eNdiya, nasePakistan, eBangladesh, eBhutan. 
Igama lohlobo lwe-English - "i-bar-headed"ukuthi ngokuhunyushwa kusho "ngemivimbo ekhanda". Lolu hlobo lwegama lwenziwa ngenxa yombala ongavamile wekhanda: emlandweni omhlophe kunemivimbo emibili emnyama efana, omunye ulula ngaphesheya kwekhanda kusuka kwelinye iso kuya komunye, kanti okwesibini kancane kancane, eduze kwentamo.
I-plumage yethole namaphiko i-grey elula, enomngcele omnyama emaphethelweni amaphiko. I-beech kanye ne-paws zidwetshwe okwesibhakabhaka, futhi isihloko se-beech sibhalwe nge-speck encane emnyama. Ubude bomuntu omdala bungama-70-80 cm, amaphiko ahluka kusuka ku-140 kuya ku-160 cm, kanti isisindo saso sihluka phakathi kuka-2-3 kg. 
Abamele isidleke sezinkomo emagqumeni naseziqhingini eziseduze nemifula yezintaba, emadwaleni. Bahamba ngokuzethemba, ngoba bachitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini kunamanzi. Ngokuvamile owesilisa nowesilisa benza i-pair for life. Ukubeletha kwabesifazane kuza eminyakeni emibili, kubesilisa - eminyakeni emithathu.
Uhlobo lokudla lwezintaba zama-geese luxubene: ekudleni kwabo kukhona cishe okufana nokudla kwemifino (ama-stalks, amaqabunga, ama-algae), nesilwane (ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, ama-larvae).
Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezindizayo ezindizayo. Ukuhamba kwezinyoni phezu kwama-Himalaya kwakubhalwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10. Ukuqhathanisa: ekuphakameni okunjalo ngisho ne-helicopter ayikwazi ukuhamba ngenxa yomoya ongavamile. 
Kubalulekile! Ngenxa yokudoba, lezi zinhlobo zisemaphethelweni ekuqothulwa okuphelele, ngakho-ke kubhalwe ku-Red Book ye-Russian Federation, futhi ukuyizingela kuyisijeziso somthetho.
Inkukhu
Inkukhu yezinkukhu ensimini yethu babhekwa njengezinyoni ezingavamile, ngoba izwe lakubo liyingxenye eseningizimu ye-Australia kanye nezwe laseTasmania.
Ukubonakala kwezinyoni akuvamile: inqwaba emhlophe ephuzi, ikhanda elincane kakhulu entanyeni emfushane, inhlanzi ephuzi, ehlanziwe futhi ehlwanyelwe kakhulu, efana nenkukhu. Ama-Paws omthunzi obomvu. Isisindo sabantu abadala singahluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-6 kg, ubude be-carcass buyi-70-100 cm. 
Amahansi kulolu hlobo achitha cishe sonke isikhathi emhlabathini, ngoba azi ukuthi angashukuma, futhi aphephe kanzima. Kusukela kulokhu kuvela uhlobo lwazo lwesitshalo lokudla: utshani, izimpande, kanye nezinhlamvu okudla kakhulu ekudleni, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni zingadla i-mollusks, izibungu nezinambuzane.
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zingagcinwa ngempumelelo ekhaya. Lapho uhlela insimu, kubalulekile ukuba uhambisane nesilinganiso esifanele samanzi nomhlaba: 20% womhlaba kufanele uthathwe ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi 80% ashiye kudlelo.
Izinyoni zidinga isikhala esanele kule aviary, ngakho-ke udinga ukwakha igumbi ngesilinganiso semitha elilodwa lesikwele. m omdala owodwa. Ekudleni kwabo okujwayelekile, ungase futhi wengeze imifino eqoshiwe, okuphakelayo. 
Kubalulekile! Uma isibalo sendawo esiphezulu siphezulu, amahansi azokwehlisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza kwawo, futhi izifo ngenxa yomoya omoya nokungcola kungase futhi kuthuthuke.Izinkukhu zezinkukhu azikwazi ukugubha futhi zenze imisindo efana nokuzalwa kwazo, izwi labo lifana ne-piggy grunt.
Sukhonos
Isici esihlukile se-sukhonos ubukhulu obukhulu: ubude be-carcass bufinyelela ku-100 cm, futhi amaphikop avela ku-1.5 kuya ku-1.8 wamamitha. Isisindo sezinyoni ezindala ngu-3-5 kg. 
Abesilisa nabesilisa banombala ofanayo: ngemuva kwenduku, izinhlangothi nangemuva ziqoshwe umbala obomvu obomvu nemicu emhlophe ehamba phambili, phambi komthola kukhanya, umlomo omkhulu ukhulu, umnyama, ube nomgqa omhlophe phansi. Ebantwaneni abasha, umdwebo onjalo awukho, okungahle uhlukaniswe kalula nezinyoni ezivuthiwe ngokobulili.
Izintaba nezintaba zaseMongolia, eChina, empumalanga yeSiberia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan zibhekwa njengezindawo ezijwayele ukuhlala kuzo. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zihlala ezigodini nasemadlelweni eduze nosawoti kanye nemizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile, khetha indawo egcwele i-sedge.
Esikhathini esiningi esichithwa emhlabathini, uma kwenzeka ingozi, efihla enotshani. Uma ingozi iwafica emanzini - izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngokujulile. Ukudla kubuswa ukudla okutshalayo: i-sedge, amaqabunga, amajikijolo. 
Ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kwemvelo kanye nesifiso sama-sukhonos, baqala ukukhulelwa futhi bahlakulelwe ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Amahansi alezi zilwane ahlonishwa ngenyama enhle. Futhi kusetshenziswe i-substrate yamaqanda we-saponifer zasendle kuma-goose asekhaya asekhaya.
I-Nile
Igama lesibili lalezi zinhlobo zehansi zasendle Amahansi aseGibhithe. Indawo okuzalwa kuyo yiNayile Valley, kanye nensimu ye-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule edlule, lolu hlobo lwangeniswa emazweni aseYurophu Ephakathi, kodwa izinyoni azizange ziphendule kahle ekufuyweni kwezilwane, abantu abaningi kangaka babaleka baba yisimanga. 
Ama-Nile asebukeka kahle: ama-shades amhlophe, amhlophe, abomvu nokubomvu akhona embala, amehlo anqanyelwe indawo enombala obomvu, amaphiko amhlophe ngamnyama, ama-paws kanye ne-beek zibomvu. Lezi yizinyoni ezincane, isisindo sawo singahluka kusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-4 kg, ama-wingspan ayenqabile ukudlulela ku-1.5m. Akunakho umehluko wemibala phakathi kwabesilisa nabesilisa, kodwa lezi zinsuku zikhulu kakhulu.
Ukudla kwalolu hlobo kuhlanganiswe: izingxenye zemifino (utshani, imbewu, izithelo namaqabunga) nezilwane (izibungu, izilwane ezincane ezihlukahlukene) zikhona ngokufanayo.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abameleli bohlobo bangase babonise ukuhlukumeza mayelana nokubulawa kwensimu yabo. Ngokuvamile izinyoni zihlala ngababili noma ngamaqembu amancane, zivikela ngonyawo izindawo zazo ezivela emincintiswaneni, ngezinye izikhathi zilwa, zivikela izingane zabo.
Namuhla, e-Afrika, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengezinambuzane, njengoba kungabhubhisa kalula isivuno sonke. Izinyoni nazo zizingelwa, ngoba ukutholakala kwezinhlobo zezilwane akubangeli ukukhathazeka.
Magellan
I-Magellan goose nayo ibizwa ngokuthi i-ash-headed, gray-headed, ashen. Izinyoni zalezi zidlekezane eziseNingizimu Melika: i-Patagonia, i-Chile, i-Argentina, i-Tierra del Fuego. 
Ngokusho uhlobo lokudla, lezi zinhlobo zingokwezilwane ze-herbivores. Ukudla kwezinyoni kuqukethe amaqabunga, imbewu, iziqu nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo. Zibhekwa njengezinambuzane emadlelweni, njengoba zidla izitshalo ezitshalwe izilwane. I-Magellan goose ikhetha ukuhlala emathafeni nasemithambekeni, imifula eluhlaza, eduze nomhlaba wezolimo.
Amahansi aseMagellan abomvu anezilinganiso eziphakathi: ubude besidumbu bungama-60-70 cm, isisindo somuntu ngamunye singama-2-3.5 kg.
Yilokho kuphela uhlobo lwezinsizane zasendle, lapho abesifazane nabesilisa abanombala ohlukile - emadodeni ikhanda nesifuba zidwetshiwe ezimhlophe, kuyilapho abesifazane bebala umbala obomvu. Umbala we-paws uphinde uhluke: ku-wesifazane kukhona ophuzi-orange, futhi ku-gray gray-black. Umzimba wobulili bobabili ugoliwe. 
Abamele balolu hlobo bakulula ukugcina ukuthunjwa, ngoba badinga amanzi amancane (cishe 25% wendawo yonke). Ezindaweni ezifuywayo ziyakwazi ukuphila iminyaka engama-25, zinikezwe isondlo esihle.
Beloshey
Igama lesibili lalesikhathi i-goose eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eyamukelwa ngenxa yokubukeka kobuciko. Inani elikhulu labantu lisakazwa enyakatho yeKhanada, Alaska, ogwini lwasePacific lwe-United States naseSiberia. 
Lezi zinyoni ezincane ezinomzimba omnyama, futhi ikhanda nomhlane entanyeni mhlophe. Ukulinganisa isilinganiso se-2.5-3.5 kg, abesilisa bangaba ngamasentimitha angama-90. Emhlabeni, udla amaqabunga, amajikijolo, ama-herbs, futhi aphephe ngamanzi avela ku-algae, ama-mollusks, nama-mussels.
Esikhathini sokuvuthwa, izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni ogwini, emagodini noma eziqhingini ezibonakala kahle. Ngenkathi owesifazane efaka amaqanda, owesilisa uhlala eseduze, eqapha isidleke esivela ezivakashi eziyingozi nezingavunyelwe. Ukulindela impilo yalolu hlobo kuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinsizane - iminyaka engu-6-13. 
Humenik
I-goose bean gud kungokwezinhlobo zemifino yamanzi, ngenkathi isidleke sivame kakhulu ku-tundra ye-Eurasia. Ekubukeni, kufana ne-grey grey, noma kunjalo, ihluke kuyo ngemuva kokumnyama futhi ingxenyeni yangaphakathi yamaphiko, emlonyeni wesibhakabhaka omnyama obombala obombili. 
Isisindo sesidumbu sichaza kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-5 kg futhi sincike ezincane zezinyoni, futhi ubude abudluli 90 cm. Ngokuvamile lezi zinhlobo ezifudukayo. Uma sicabangela lapho amahansi wezinyosi zebhontshisi ebeletha ebusika, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu.
Ngokwesiko, ama-ornithologists anquma izinhlobo ezine zezinyosi zebhontshisi, ezihlukile kwezinye izici zazo zangaphandle (i-hue of plumage, ukuma nobukhulu bomlomo, isisindo sesidumbu):
- I-Taiga
- European.
- I-East Siberia.
- Okufakwe emfushane.
Ukudla kulawulwa yizakhi zezitshalo: ama-herbs, sedge, amajikijolo, kanye nezitshalo nemifino. I-Humenniki ikhetha ukuhlala esidlekeni sehlathi, i-tundra, eduze nemifula, imifula kanye nezindawo ezivaliwe. 
Uyazi? I-Gumenniki ithando "lokwenza umsindo" - ngesikhathi sokudla, lapho izinyoni zihlangana emhlambini omkhulu, i-cackling yabo ingazwakala ngamakhulu amakhilomitha. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba kubonwe eduze nezinyoni, ngoba emaphethelweni eqembu kukhona njalo ama-watchdogs amemezela ngokukhululekile noma yimuphi umonakalo.
I-Andean
Indawo yakulo mhlanga yizindawo eziphakeme ze-Andes ezivela ePeru kuya eChile nase-Argentina, izinyoni zihlala endaweni ephakeme ye-3000 m ngaphezu. I-goose yase-Andean ikhetha izindawo ezivulekile ngotshani omfushane, zihlala emagqumeni, ezintabeni, ezintabeni, emadlelweni nasemadlelweni. Iningi lonyaka lwenziwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingabamba phansi ngemuva kweqhwa elikhulu. 
Amahansi ase-Andes asebenzisa isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini, engavamile ukuvuka emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ukugwema ingozi. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuphuma, bazosindiswa emanzini, kodwa, uma kungabikho ingozi, abakwazi ukungena kuwo, ngoba bayashukuma kancane futhi bengalungile ngenxa yesakhiwo somsila nomsila.
I-plumage yekhanda, intamo nengaphambili yomzimba imhlophe, umsila nomhlane ziqoshiwe abamnyama. I-Beak ne-paws ibhalwe ngomthunzi obomvu obomvu. Abesilisa nabesilisa babheka cishe okufanayo, kepha abesifazane basuke bephansi kakhulu ngobukhulu. Ubude bomuntu ngabangu-70-80 cm, isisindo singaba ngu-2.7 kuya ku-3.6 kg. 
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zasendle, futhi sibheke izici zezinto eziyinhloko. Ngokuvamile amahansi ahlala emhlabathini, nakuba ethanda ukuhlala eduze kwamanzi, adle ukudla okutshala, adlulisele ezindaweni ezifudumele ebusika, futhi ngesikhathi sezindiza noma imidlalo yokulinganisa, iningi lezinhlobo ziphuma ngokucindezela i-goose.
