Isimo sezulu ephakathi kweRussia ngokulinganisela kwezwekazi, ubusika liqhwa futhi liqhwa, ihlobo lifudumala futhi liluhlaza. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukulima kwezitshalo kuzoba nezici eziningi. Lapha, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezifanelekayo, futhi hhayi ubuchwepheshe, nesikhathi saso, nezinambuzane. Manje mayelana nakho konke okuhlelekile.
Amabanga aphezulu
Amadlelo ayobizwa ngokuthi indawo yokulima engcupheni ngenxa yezimo ezikhethekile zezulu. Uma sikhuluma ngamazambane, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezizohlangana lapha. Izinhlobo ezinhle zamazambane ezisesifundeni saseMoscow ziyi-ultraearly, ekuqaleni, ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi. Izinhlobo ezindala kufanele ziqedwe ngokushesha, ngoba ngeke zithole isikhathi sokuvuthwa esifundeni saseMoscow. Ultra Early: Zhukovsky Early; izinhlobo zakuqala: Rose, Early Peding, Provento, Favorite, Wizard, Luck, Sineglazka; Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi: Umholi, uLorch uzoba umhlabeleli phakathi kwezinhlobo zamazambane zakuqala zesifunda saseMoscow. Zonke ziyizinhloso zetafula, izithelo eziphezulu, ezigcinwe kahle. 
Imigomo yokufika
Sizoqonda ukuthi ukutshala amazambane ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke ukufudumala inhlabathi. Ngakho-ke kuthiwani ngezinsuku eziqondile esingeke sihambe ngazo. Singasho ukuthi imbewu idinga ukuba itshalwe enhlabathini efudumele ilanga ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Futhi lokhu kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi inhlabathi iye yafudumala kufika ku-8 ° C ekujuleni kwe-10-15 cm, amaqhwa emhlabathini asedlulile, futhi umswakama wenhlabathi usuphakeme.
Imigomo yokutshala amazambane emajondolo asekelwe ngokuyinhloko esimweni somhlabathi.
Uyazi? Ngokusho kwekhalenda kazwelonke, amazambane atshalwe phakathi nenkathi phakathi kokuvela kwamaqabunga e-birch kanye nezimbali zezinyoni ze-cherry.
Indawo ecacile
Umhlabathi we-sandy ne-loamy ulungile ngokutshala izitshalo. Kuzo zingosi ukuthi isivuno esihle singatholakala. Lapho ukhetha indawo, khumbula okukhulile lapha ngonyaka odlule. Uma utamatisi, amazambane, pepper - bheka enye. Amazambane atshalwe kahle kusayithi lamakhukhamba, ubhontshisi, iklabishi. Indawo enhle ilanga, ivulekile, ngaphandle komthunzi ovela ezihlahleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshala eziqhingini futhi akuyona into engathandeki ngenxa yobuningi bomhlabathi. 
Ukutshala amazambane
Abantu bathi akunakwenzeka ukutshala inyanga nenyanga egcwele. Kungcono ukuhlala enyangeni ekhulayo. Ukufika kunezigaba eziningana. Cabanga ngabo ngokuningiliziwe. 
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela kusayithi
Uma ucabanga ukuthi amazambane kufanele aqalwe entwasahlobo, ulahlekile kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi ekwindla emva kokuvuna. Okokuqala, udinga ukumba indawo endaweni ye-bayonet ye-spade, ugeze ngomanyolo noma umquba, engeza umlotha ngesilinganiso se-10 kg yama-humus noma umquba, i-1 litre lomlotha nge-1 sq.m. 
Kubalulekile! Uma ukhula amazambane, umquba omusha awukwazi ukusetshenziswa.Ngentwasahlobo, inhlabathi kumele ikhululwe ngo-15 cm. Nansi kungcono ukusebenzisa iforkfork. Izendlalelo akudingeki ziphenduke. Kubalulekile ukucacisa indawo okuhleliwe ngayo. Futhi usebenze naye. Ngoba amanye amasiko adinga ukulungiselela okuhlukile.
Indlela yokulungiselela ukutshala impahla
Izinto zokutshala nazo zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okuthile. Akukhona kuphela ubuchwepheshe obalulekile lapha, kodwa futhi isikhathi. Okokuqala, kufanele sizinakekele ukuhluma nokucubungula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Amazambane amazambane kudingeka abe aluhlaza, okungukuthi, ubambe ekukhanyeni izinsuku ezingu-10-15.
Kubalulekile! Amazambane ahlaza akakwazi ukudliwa, ayingozi.Okulandelayo, ukhiqiza i-vernalization, ngamanye amagama - ukuhluma. Ukwenza lokhu, faka izimpande zembewu ekukhanyeni egumbini elinokushisa kwe-17-18 ° C ngezinsuku ezingu-7-9, bese ufakwa ekamelweni elipholile. Iviki ngaphambi kokuphuma, buyela esiteji noma emiphongolweni, lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-8 ° C. Udinga ukucubungula izilimo eziyizigaxa ngesisombululo sezakhi ezivela ebhodleleni le-spray izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokutshala kanye nekhambi lokubulala izinambuzane - ngosuku oludlule.
Isu nobuchwepheshe
Kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokutshala amazambane, ngayinye inehlelo layo. Ungasebenzisa ngokwesiko insimu, i-ridge, izindlela ezibushelelezi nezigqawu. Ukukhethwa kwendlela kuyoxhomeka enhlobo yomhlabathi, umswakama wayo, imikhuba yabanikazi kanye nezinye izinto. Izindlela ze-saddle ne-cresting zinhle uma inhlabathi ikhanya, ayivumeli umoya namanzi ukuba adlule. Imibhede yenziwa ngokusho kwesigaba 2 + 2 + 2, okungukuthi kuzo zonke zazo kuzoba nemigqa emibili kulo lonke ububanzi besigaba. Umbhede ukhiwa ngo-15-20 cm ubude, izilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwe, izithombo zihlanganiswe ngokushesha nomhlabathi. Futhi umswakama uyagcinwa, futhi ukuhambisa umoya kuhle, futhi kulula ukuvuna.
Indlela ye-ridge ihilela uhlelo lwezinsika ezide zendawo yonke yobubanzi besayithi. Le ndlela inhle kakhulu kumswakama ongaphezulu ngokweqile. Amazambane afakwa emigqeni emva kuka-15-20 cm, futhi inqwaba yama-20-25 cm ihlanganiswe kuwo, ehlanganiswa ukuphakama nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-5. Ngakho inhlabathi ivuselela, futhi umswakama uyagcinwa, futhi ukhula ngeke lube nesikhathi sokukhula. Igebe eliphakathi kwemigqa lingaba ngu-60 cm. Indlela ebushelelezi ihilela ukutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphansi kwefosholo ngendlela enesidla. Indlela yokutshala amazambane ngaphansi kwefosholo, tshela noma ubani, ngoba yindlela endala kunazo zonke. Bahamba kancane kancane, ngoba lokhu kuyinkqubo enzima kakhulu yomsebenzi. Abanye - kulula. 
Ukunakekelwa kwamazambane ngemuva kokutshala
Emva kokutshala, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezimbewu kuzoxhomeka ekutheni ukhetha indlela yokutshala oyikhethayo. Yini ezobaluleka nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuphuza, ukuphuza, ukuphakama, ukudla, ukulawula izinambuzane.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo ezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane njengo: "Irbitsky", "Kiwi", "Adretta", "Blue", "Queen Queen", "Inhlanhla", "Gala".
Ukunisela
Ngendlela yomgwaqo nomgwaqo, amanzi anikezwa esiteshini. Ngisho noma emithonjeni noma ekunkeleni okuqhubekayo. Imvamisa yokunisela iyoxhomeka kunani lemvula. Ehlobo elomile, amazambane adinga ukuphuzwa nsuku zonke, kusukela ngesonto lesithathu emva kokufakwa okufakiwe. Uma kunemvula eyanele, amanzi njengenhlabathi eyomile. Ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa izilimo eziyizigaxa nokukhula kwazo.
Ukuphanga
Ukulimaza kokuqala kuyadingeka emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-6 zokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa, njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5 kuze kufike ukuhluma. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela - izikhathi eziningana uma kudingeka. 
Ukukhululeka, ukuphumula nokuphakama
Lapha izitshalo ziye zahluma - kusho ukuthi kakade akunakwenzeka ukulimaza Manje qhubekela kwezinye izenzo. Owokuqala uyakhulula, uma kunesidingo. Ngokuvamile, isidingo sokudedela sivela ngemva kwemvula, lapho umhlaba ubomile namafreyimu. Kudingeka ukukhulula phakathi kwemigqa, emigqeni - encane, ukuze ungalimazi amahlumela amathenda. I-hilling yokuqala iqhutshwa lapho izithombo zikhula zibe yi-12-14 cm. Isikhathi sesibili singakapheli ukuvala iziqongo. Ngendlela yomgwaqo, umhlaba owenziwe ngomhlaba uqhutshwa ngokufaka umhlabathi emgodini we-20-25 cm ohlangothini zombili. Kwezinye izimo - kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Ngokuqondene ne-weeding, nganoma iyiphi indlela yokutshala izilimo eziyizilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa zingahlanganiswa nokukhipha kanye nokugquma.
Kubalulekile! Amazambane amazambane ayenobuthi kakhulu kubantu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Yondla amazambane ngaphambi kokuba ukhululeke futhi uhambe. Kuzodingeka wenze lokhu kabili. Ngesikhathi sokuqala - emva kokuhluma, ukondla ingxube yomsoco ngaphansi kwesihlahla: izicucu ezimbili ze-humus + 2 tsp. ammonium nitrate. Ungondla futhi umlotha nje, uwuxube nomhlabathi 1: 1. Ukondla okwesibili kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngaphambi kokuchelela ngekhambi lempande. Isixazululo: amalitha ayishumi amanzi, 1 tbsp. l nitrofoski, 2 tbsp. l superphosphate. Yondla amazambane adinga esikhathini sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa. Ngemuva kwezimbali - akunakwenzeka.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane
Amazambane kufanele avikelwe ezilwaneni ezinambuzane. Futhi zombili zihluma, zihluma, iziqongweni, nezimpande, kamuva - izilimo eziyizigaxa. Izinambuzane eziyingozi ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa i-Colorado amazambane beetle, i-wireworm, amazambane kanye ne-stem nematode, ne-Medvedka. 
Uyazi? Ama-potato izinambuzane kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60.Izixazululo ezilwa nezinambuzane kanye nezinye izidakamizwa zamazambane ziyizinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali. Indlela yokuphila iyingozi kakhulu futhi ivikelekile kubantu nakwezilwane. Le ndlela iqukethe ukuthi isakhiwo sizungezwe izitshalo ezisabisa izinambuzane. Isibonelo: mattiola, marigold, umhlonyane. Ungahlanza amazambane nge ukumnika of utamatisi iqabunga, garlic, nomhlonyane. Ungasebenzisa ama-biopharmaceuticals "Aktophyt", "Bitoxibacillin", "Lepidotsid", "Bicol", njll Yiqiniso, amalungiselelo amakhemikhali enza ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Zisebenzise ngokuqapha futhi ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izilimo eziyizigaxa.
Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa imikhiqizo yokulawula izinambuzane, landela ngokuqinile imiyalelo.
Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno
Ukuvuna amazambane esifundeni saseMoscow, njengombuso, uqala phakathi noJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, njengoba kusetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezincane zakudala, ekuqaleni kwezinhlobo zokuqala. Amaviki 1-1.5 ngaphambi kokuvuna, ungakwazi (kodwa hhayi ngempela) ukugubha iziqongo. Abanye abalimi bemifino bakuthola kuwusizo ukwandisa isivuno. Ukuvuna kuyinkqubo enzima kakhulu yokubamba iqhaza engahileleli kuphela ukumba izilimo eziyizigaxa, kodwa nokuyihlunga, ukucubungula (uma kunesidingo), ukuchaza ukugcina. Ukuze ukhiphe izilimo eziyizigaxa kusukela embhedeni noma emgqeni, kwanele ukuwunciphisa, ubeke phansi bese ukhetha amazambane. Uma amazambane atshalwa ngendlela ebushelelezi, khona-ke isihlahla ngasinye kufanele sitshale. Uma izilimo eziyizigaxa sezikhethiwe, qinisa ubuso. Emva kokukhipha amazambane emhlabathini, kufanele uhlelwe. Okusho ukuthi, ukhethe izinto zokutshala ngonyaka ozayo, hlukanisa amazambane, okuzoya ekudleni nasezincane. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimele kanye nezifo. 
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izitshalo zibe yizinhlobonhlobo, ngoba ngayinye yazo ingase ihluke ngezimo kanye nobude bokugcina. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, amazambane kufanele amiswe, kodwa hhayi elangeni. Ngaphambi kokuthumela isitoreji, amazambane ama-mbatata kufanele abe ngotshani obumnyama elangeni, asakaze ebhokisini, asayine izinhlobo. Kungaphathwa ezinambuzane. Izimo zesitoreji: engaphansi noma emakamelweni emabhokisini noma "amabheji", ehlanganisa phansi ngamabhodi bese usebenzisa amabhodi okuhlukanisa. Igumbi kufanele libe umoya omuhle, lingabanda futhi lingabi namanzi. Ukushisa akufanele kuwele ngezansi 4-5 ° ะก. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amazambane adinga ukuhlunga, aphonsa obolile. Entwasahlobo, lapho "amehlo evuka", ukuhlunga, ukususa amahlumela okungenani 1 isikhathi ngesonto. Ngakho lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zizohlala zifanelekile ukudla isikhathi eside.
Uyazi? Izitsha ezingaphezu kuka-500 zingaphekwa kusuka kumazambane.Amazambane akhula kunoma isiphi isifunda akulula. Kodwa kungcono kangakanani ukujabulela ukunambitheka kwesinkwa "sesibili", sikhule ngesandla.
