I-Gloxinia ingeyohlobo lokuqhakaza amakhambi anempilo avela ngegama elifanayo emndenini wakwaGesneriaceae. Izwe lakubo lingamahlathi aqothulayo aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Uheha izimbali ngezimbali ezinkulu eziqhakazayo ezakha isixha esihle ebusweni. Ubuhle beTropiki buhlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela kwabo kanye nomlingiswa ongakheki, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kubaqalayo. Ngenxa abafuyi bezitshalo, izinhlobo eziningi ezingejwayelekile ze-gloxinia ezinezimbali eziphindwe kabili zemibala ehlukahlukene ziye zakhuliswa.
I-Gloxinia Incazelo
I-Gloxinia iyi-herbaceous perennial enesistimu yezimpande ngendlela ye-tuber enkulu. Ezinye izinhlobo azinawo umdweshu, kanti kwezinye zingenza amahlumela afinyelele ku-70 cm. Amahlumela athambile impela, akhwabekayo. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo endaweni yemvelo akudluli ku-25 cm. Izinhlobo zasendlini zincanyana ngokuphelele (kufinyelela ku-5 cm ukuphakama).
Ngaphezulu komhlabathi kukhona irosette elinamaqabunga amnyama, aqukethe amaqabunga amakhulu angenacala. Ubude beplate yeqabunga bufika ku-20 cm. Inesimo esisetshenziselwe okokufana noma esinama-ovoid onqenqemeni oluqinile kanye nesiphetho esikhombe. Amapheshana aluhlaza velvety aluhlaza aqine; i-veent central vein iyabonakala kuwo.
Izimbali eziqhakazayo
I-Gloxinia blooms ngoMashi futhi ingahlala izinyanga ezintathu. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hybrid ziyaqhakaza ekwindla. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe futhi uthenge i-gloxinia yeholide esikhundleni sesimbali esivamile sezimbali. Engxenyeni ephakathi nendawo yokuphuma kunezimbali ezimbalwa ezimbalwa ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-8 kuya kwali-12. Imisipha ithambile, ngakho-ke izinsimbi ezinde zingahamba. Njengamaqabunga, ambozwe nge-villi emfushane. Inani lama-buds esitshalweni esisodwa lingaba amayunithi angama-8- 40. I-corolla iqukethe amacembe ayindilinga onqenqemeni lukathayela, atholakala emgqeni owodwa noma ngaphezulu. Imvamisa izisekelo nemiphetho yamaphalishi inombala ohlukile.
Izimbali zingumbala onsomi omnyama, obomvu, okusajingijolo, omhlophe noma ukhilimu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaphilisi we-monophonic aguqula kuphela ukugcwaliseka kombala, futhi kunezimbali ezimbozwe amachashazi amancane, imicu emincane noma izinsimbi ezihlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo zinethhubhu ende futhi nezinsimbi ezincane ezigogekile esikhundleni se-corolla evulekile.
Isikhathi sobusika nesikhathi sokuphumula
Ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, lapho i-gloxinia isiphelile, kubalulekile ukuyiyeka. Ukunisela kunciphisa futhi kube ngumswakama omncane womhlabathi ngenyanga. Ngemuva kwezimbali, amaqabunga aqala ukushona bese kuphela inyanga yonke imifino engaphezulu yomile. Imbiza ihanjiswa endaweni emnyama futhi igcinwe ku + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Lapha uhlala izinyanga ezi-4. I-tuber ingagundwa bese igcinwa ngokwahlukeneyo ezitsheni ezinamamose noma sawdust.
Maphakathi noFebhuwari, ukuthula kwasebusika kuphele. Ama-tubers kufanele atshalwe enhlabathini entsha, enomswakama. Izimbiza zidluliselwa egumbini elinokushisa kuka + 15 ... + 16 ° C. Amanzi ngokucophelela, njengoba inhlabathi yomile.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25 ze-gloxinia, kepha zimbili kuphela kuzo ezikhulile kusiko.
IGloxinia yinhle. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obanzi ngokugqamile ngama-pubescence amfishane. Zitholakala ekusikeni okude. Iphethini yokuqedelwa kwemithambo iyabonakala ebusweni. Izimbali ngesimo sensimbi enkulu zipendiwe ngombala omhlophe, onsomi, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, opinki, onsomi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezilula nezimbili.
I-Gloxinia yasebukhosini. Ngenxa yokumila amahlumela, lesi sitshalo sakha isihlahla esincane esifinyelela ku-10 cm.Phezulu kwamaqabunga aluhlaza ama-pubescent aluhlaza kunephethini yesiliva emithanjeni. Izimbali ezinkulu ezakheke njengensimbi ziyaqhakaza kuma-peduncle amade anedigri elingaba ngu-7 cm nobude obungafika ku-5 cm.
Ngokusekelwe kohlobo oluthile lwezinhlobo, abafuyi bezitshalo bafuye izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa. Phakathi kwazo, ezithakazelisa kakhulu namuhla yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukukhanya Okuphezulu - izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe zeqhwa ezilungele ukwakheka kwezimbali;
Ukukhanya okuphezulu - I-Triumph Tender - izimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili zinombala opinki okhanyayo (marshmallow);
Ithenda yokunqoba - I-Kristin Irish - i-buds ephindwe kabili ebunjiwe yakhiwa ngamacembe anesisekelo esimhlophe nomngcele obomvu;
Kristin irish - IPinik Flamingo - izimbali ezinkulu ezibomvana ezibomvana ezinomucu omfushane omhlophe eceleni komphetho wethanga;
I-Pinik flamingo - I-Yesenia - izimbali eziphindwe kabili ezinamacembe ama-beetroot acebile;
Yesenia - I-Cherry yasebusika - izimbali eziphindwe kabili ezinama-burgundy amacembe ambozwe amachashazi amhlophe amaningi;
UCherry wasebusika - I-Southern Night - izimbali eziphindwe ngobukhulu eziphakathi nendawo ziqukethe ama-maroon, cishe amacembe amnyama.
Ubusuku baseningizimu
Imithetho yokuzalanisa
I-Gloxinia isatshalaliswa ngezindlela eziningi:
- ukuhlwanyela imbewu;
- ukwahlukaniswa kweshubhu;
- ukusikwa kwe-mizizi
Khulisa i-gloxinia kusuka imbewu kulula ngokwanele. Imbewu ithengwa esitolo noma itholwe ngokuzimela ngokwenza impova yokufakelwa. Amabhokisi avuthwa cishe izinyanga ezimbili. IGloxinia ihlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari. Uma kungenzeka ukucacisa izithombo ngesibani, kungenzeka ukukhulisa i-gloxinia kusuka kuNovemba izithombo. Imbewu isatshwa phezu kwesihlabathi esimanzi nomhlabathi we-peat. Imbiza imbozwe ngengilazi futhi igcinwe ifudumele (+ 20 ... + 22 ° C). Kuyadingeka ukufafaza inhlabathi nsuku zonke futhi umoya abamba ukushisa imizuzu eyi-15-30. Imbewu iqhuma ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, ungasusa indawo yokukhosela bese uhambisa imbiza endaweni ekhanyayo. Ngokuvela kwamaqabunga wangempela ayi-1-2, izithombo zingena ezimbizeni ezihlukene. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kulindeleke ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Ukusakazeka kwe-gloxinia nokusikwa kwamahlamvu kwenziwa ehlobo. Udinga ukuthatha iqabunga elinempilo futhi ulinqume ngokuqondile zibe izingxenye ezintathu. I-Petioles isuswe ngokuphelele. Iqabunga libekwa ngokuthe njo enhlabathini, bambe ongezansi osikwe ngo-0.5 cm. Ukutshala kumbozwe ngefilimu bese kudluliselwa endaweni ekhanyayo neyifudumele (+ 23 ... + 24 ° C). Kufanele ithunyelwe njalo ngosuku futhi inwebise inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, izimpande kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane kuzovela ezansi kweqabunga. Manje amaqabunga angatshalwa kabusha abe ngamabhodwe amancane abantu. Izimbali kungenzeka ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3-4.
Lapho ukufakelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-gloxinia tuber ingahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Isithombo kufanele sigcine ekuhlukaniseni ngakunye; izingcezu zichotshozwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Ama-tubers atshalwe emabhodweni ngamanye anesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angaphezu kuka-13. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izinga lokushisa komoya akufanele lihle ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Izimbali ziqala emva kwezinyanga ezi-4.
Izici Zokufakelwa
Ukudluliselwa kuvame ukuhlelwa entwasahlobo, lapho ishubhu ingakatholi amahlumela amasha. Sebenzisa amabhodwe amancane obumba noma opulasitiki. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lwekhwalithi ephezulu esezingeni eliphezulu enezimbobo ezansi nezingqimba zobumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amatshe noma amashidi obumba.
Ngokutshala ama-tubers, i-substrate eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe yama-violets ifanelekile. Ungenza umhlabathi uzixube ngokwakho kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- umhlabathi we-turf (izingxenye ezi-2);
- inhlabathi eshidi (1 ingxenye);
- i-peat (izingxenye ezi-2);
- isihlabathi somfula (ingxenye eyi-1);
- i-decusuous humus (1 ingxenye).
Lapho ukufakelwa, azama ukukhipha ngokucophelela i-tuber ku-coma yakudala yobumba. Akudingekile ukumba ngokujulile emhlabathini. Izinqubo ezingaphezulu kufanele zibe ngaphezulu.
Ukukhetha indawo
I-Gloxinia ekhaya ithanda amakamelo aqhakazile. Ikhula kahle kumawindi asempumalanga nasentshonalanga. Emakamelweni aseningizimu, kunconyelwa ukuthi kutheliswe imbali kusuka elangeni eliqondile, elishiya kabi lishisa amaqabunga amathenda. I-Gloxinia isho izitshalo zasemini ezinde. Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile, udinga ukukhanyiselwa amahora angama-14-16. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa isibani se-fluorescent.
Ngenkathi yezitshalo eziluhlaza ezisebenzayo, izinga lokushisa komoya kufanele libe kububanzi + 18 ... + 22 ° C. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, kufanele ukhiphe umoya egumbini noma ubeke izimbali engadini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungavumeli izinguquko eziqinile ekushiseni nasekubhaliwe, ngaphandle kwalokho i-gloxinia ingafa ngokushesha.
Ungayinakekela kanjani imbali
I-Gloxinia ayivelisi ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke. Ngisho nomlimi wezimbali osebenzayo futhi umatasa kakhulu angabhekana nazo. Isitshalo kumele siniselwe kaningi, kepha amanzi akufanele ahlangane namahlumela. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa indlela yokunisela ngaphezulu. Amanzi kufanele ahlanzwe kahle futhi afudumele kancane kunokushisa komoya. Lapho i-gloxinia iphela, ukuthambisa kuyancipha kancane kancane.
Ngokwesitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa umswakama womoya ezingeni lama-70-80%. Njengoba amaqabunga, futhi izimbali zivame ukumbozwa inqwaba, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ibhodlela lokufafaza. Ungabeka izitshalo eduzane nase-aquariums, imithombo noma iziqukathi ezinobumba olumanzi olwandisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpande nenhlabathi akufanele kuhlangane namanzi.
Ngo-Ephreli-Agasti, izimbali kufanele zondliwe ngamakhompiyutha amaminerali nezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Umuthi ufakwa emanzini amaningi bese ufakwa enhlabathini njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Kunconywa ukuthi uzikhawulele engxenyeni engxenye yomthamo oboniswe kwiphakethe.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Gloxinia isengozini yezifo zokukhunta. Lapho unisela ngamanzi abandayo kakhulu, ukumanzi egumbini lokushisa noma ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, lesi sitshalo siyeluka, amacembe aphenduka aphuzi futhi ambozwe amabala ansundu. Ngokuqina komswakama, ungathola ukugoqa okumpunga emaqabungeni nasezimbali - izimpawu ze-powdery hlobo noma i-grey bola. Izingxenye ezilimele kumele zisuswe ngokushesha. Kubalulekile futhi ukulawula izimo zokunisela kanye nokugcina. Kuyasiza ukwelapha inhlabathi ngesixazululo sokubulala isikhunta.
Amaqabunga obucayi be-gloxinia ahlasela i-nematode, ama-aphid, izimbuzane zesicabucabu kanye nokuthela. Ama-insecticides kufanele asetshenziswe ngokulwa namagciwane. Lapho ukhetha i-repselnt yezinambuzane, udinga ukutadisha imiyalo ngokucophelela. Ezinye izidakamizwa zidala ukushiswa ngamaqabunga (ngokwesibonelo, "BI-58"). Njengoba amahlamvu embozwe inqwaba, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo ngesimo izifutho, kunokuba izixazululo fafaza.
