Imbali enhle kakhulu nenkulu iyi-lupine ehlala isikhathi eside.
Ake sibone ukuthi kuyini - lupine.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Lupine isitshalo esingapheliyo Umndeni wezinyosi. Izimpande zembali zinesakhiwo esiyisisekelo. Bangaya emhlabathini ukuya kumamitha amabili. Izimpande ze-Lupine ziqukethe ama-bacterium a-nitrogen-fixing athola i-nitrogen emkhathini. Izitshalo zesakhiwo se-lupine eziluhlaza. Esigabeni kukhona amaqabunga. Amagatsha esitshalo akhula. Amaqabunga ahlukaniswa, afana nesundu. I-inflorescence iyibhulashi ehlukahlukene. I-Lupine flower endless ingase ibe nemibala ehlukene, kodwa ngokuvamile kaningi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimbali zihlelwe eceleni. Isibindi singashadile, ngokuvamile siwa ekuseni.
Ama-peas, ubhontshisi, i-vetch, i-clover, i-peas elimnandi, i-yellow acacia, i-clover, ne-white acacia, kanye ne-lupine, bangabomndeni we-legume, isici esiyinhloko esakhiwa imbali nesithelo.
Ubhontshisi bezimbali (amafomu nezinhlamvu ngaphakathi) musa ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngezenzo zemishini, imbewu ye-lupine iyahlakazeka kuzo zonke izinkomba. Imbewu inomumo ohlangene. I-plant blooms ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Uma lesi sitshalo sinqunywe ngaphambi kokuba imbewu ikhule, izophinde iqhume. Uma uvumela imbewu ukuba ikhule, ngonyaka ozayo ingadi yakho yembali iyogcwaliswa ngezitshalo ezintsha ngenxa yezimbewu ezihlakazekile ngonyaka odlule (lokhu kuyimbali ehlwanyelwe).Uyazi? Igama lesibili le-lupine liyi "Wolf Beans"
Abamele abadumile
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-lupine zisetshenziswa. Cabangela ezinye zazo.
Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo "I-Castel yami". Ukuphakama kwalesi sitshalo kuyingxenye yemitha. Usayizi we-flower awukho ngaphezu kuka-35 cm ubude. Umbala wembali ubomvu. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Uma unquma i-inflorescence, bese kuthi "I-Castel yami" izoqhakaza ngo-Agasti. 
"Faust" ufinyelela ukuphakama kwe-0.8 m. Imbali ingaba nemibala ehlukene. Iqhakaza amasonto amane, ukuvuselela kabusha kungenzeka (uma unquma i-inflorescence ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwembewu).
"UMbusi" - Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo atholakala kuma-rosettes. Amaqabunga ama-matte, aluhlaza okomnyama. I-inflorescence ingamamitha angaphezu kwezingama-30 ubude, umbala wembali uvame ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Njengokuthi "I-Castel yami", ukuvuselela kungenzeka kungenzeka ekupheleni kwehlobo. 
"Abendglut" ufinyelela kumitha ukuphakama. I-winters yembali kahle kakhulu ekugcineni kwethu. Ubude be-inflorescence bufinyelela ku-40 cm, umbala wembali ubomvu obomvu.
"Minarette" - Ezihlukahlukene ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungama-50 cm. I-inflorescence ingaba nemibala ehlukene: purple, caramel, purple and so on. Iqhakaza ekuqaleni kwehlobo. 
"Neue Spielarten" - isitshalo esihle kakhulu esingafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ukuphakama. Izibhamu ezinamabala zikhulu, kufikela ku-0.4 m. Izimbali zine-orange-pink enombala. Inyanga yezimbali ngoJuni.
"Prinzess Juliana" - kufana kakhulu ne "Neue Spielarten", kodwa izimbali zinhle kakhulu, zibomvu.
Kuphi i-lupins ekhula khona?
Ukutshala nokutshala izitshalo kubalulekile kunoma yimuphi umlimi. Ake sibone ukuthi hlobo luni lomhlabathi nokukhanyisa okudingekayo ukuze kuphele lupine.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Lesi sitshalo sitshalwe kahle emibhedeni ezindaweni ezibandayo noma ezinobumnyama. Imbali engcono ikhula ngomthunzi okhethekile, Ngakho-ke, kuhle uma i-apula noma i-pear tree ikhula eduze. Emthunzini wabo isitshalo siyokhula masinyane futhi siyokujabulisa isikhathi eside.
Ibhalsamu, icuba elimnandi, i-mimulyus, i-periwinkle, i-brunner, i-anemone, i-hellebore ne-fern, kanye ne-lupine, ikhetha ukukhula embhedeni wembali, esise-penumbra.
Umhlabathi we-lupins ongapheli
Imbali ikhula cishe noma yiliphi izwe, kodwa lithanda inhlabathi evuthayo. Lena imbali engenakuzithoba. Lesi sitshalo singakhula futhi emhlabathini ompofu njengesiko esingathandeki. Ama-Lupin afana nomhlabathi ongathathi hlangothi, omncane we-alkaline kanye ne-acidic. Uma utshale izimbali kumhlabathi we-alkali, kufanele wengeze u-5 kg we-peat ube yi-1 m2 yenhlabathi, kungenjalo isitshalo sizophenduka. Uma zihlwanyelwe enhlabathini e-acidic, kubalulekile ukucwilisa inhlabathi ngempuphu ye-lime ngokulindela ukuthatha u-5 kg wefulawa kumhlaba we-1 m2 womhlaba. Lime kumele ibe kanye eminyakeni emine.
Uyazi? Abantu baseMelika badla lupins.
Ukutshala nokuzalanisa
Khulisa ukutshala imbewu, ngosizo luka ukuxhunyelelwa futhi ukuhlukana kwehlathi. Sihlaziya zonke izindlela ezintathu. 
Ukukhula kusuka enzalweni
Indlela yokukhula i-lupine engapheli kusuka enzalweni? Akukona kube nzima. Ukutshala okutshala imbewu kuqala ngokulungiselela umhlaba. Kuthatha umhlabathi, i-peat, nesihlabathi. Isilinganiso sezwe le-peat ne-turf kufanele lilingane. Isihlabathi kufanele sibe izikhathi ezimbili ngaphansi kwamanye amaphuzu. Qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi aqhubeki engxenyeni: ingxube kufanele ivuleke. Izithombo zihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ebisini izikhwama noma amakilasi. Ukuze ukhule unomphela lupine kusuka embewu, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, hlanganisa imbewu ngama-nodules ahlongoziwe kanye nezimpande zezitshalo ezifile ukuze kufinyelelwe kangcono kwe-nitrogen.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze imbewu ihlume ngesikhathi esifanayo, kumele ihlanganiswe ne-gauze emanzi futhi igcinwe efudumele ize ivule. Ngemva kwalokho, imbewu ingatshala emhlabathini.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-9, amahlumela okuqala azovela. Ngenyanga, amaqabunga ayishumi nambili amaqabunga azovela. Manje ungatshala izithombo embhede wombala. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe okungenani amasentimitha angu-50. 
Ungahlwanyela izithombo ngesikhathi esisodwa, phakathi kwentwasahlobo emhlabathini embhedeni wembali, kodwa-ke indawo okufanele ilungiselelwe ekwindla. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ishaye phansi, ufafaze nge-peat.
Cuttings
Ngokuba ukuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo kuthathwa kuphela ama-basal rosettes, asetshenziswe kusukela ehlathini ku-stem (ngesisekelo saso). Ehlobo, ama-cuttings athathwa, awakhiwe kusukela ezisekelweni zamaqabunga. Ama-Cuttings anqunywa kanye nezinso kanye nengcezu yekolishi engummpande futhi ahlale emhlabathini owunesihlabathi onomhlabathi. Lokhu kwenziwa emva kwezitshalo zezimbali. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-25, lapho isitshalo sinika impande, singasetshenziselwa ukulala embhede. Izimbali ngokuvamile ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka ofanayo. 
Uhlukanisa isihlahla
Le ndlela ayitholakali isetshenzisiwe hhayi yonke i-lupins (kuphela izihlahla). Lokhu kungenxa yesimiso sezimpande zesitshalo: impande iyajula kakhulu emhlabathini. I-shrub yeminyaka emithathu noma emine iyathathwa futhi amagatsha ahlangene anqunywa kuwo. Ukuze unqume amagatsha waba isikhukhula esincane, isihlahla somzali akufanele sikhule.
Indlela yokunakekela isitshalo
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila imbali ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuqinile. Kudingekile kuphela ukususa ukhula bese ukhulula inhlabathi. Ngonyaka olandelayo, entwasahlobo, udinga ukutshala umhlaba lapho i-lupine ikhula khona, usebenzisa ama-fertilizer: yondle nge-superphosphate (uzodinga ama-10 kuya kwangu-20 amagremu walomanyolo ngomitha wesikwele) kanye no-5 amagremu we-potassium chloride.
Uma isitshalo sesikhula iminyaka eminingana, kufanele uqaphele intamo impande: uma ikhuphukele emhlabathini, ingxenye engaphakathi yomuthi ingafa. Kulesi simo, i-outlet side izohlukaniswa. Kule nkinga, i-lupine kumele ihlume. Uma lesi sitshalo sikhulile kuneminyaka emine, kungcono ukuyibuyisela ngomunye. 
Ukuze imbali iqhume izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, Ama-inflorescences kumele ahlulwe ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiswe imbewu. Akunconywa ukutshala izihlahla zakudala. Uma imimoya eqinile ivunguza endaweni yakho, izimbali kufanele ziboshwe.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi izifo zigula kanjani.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-lupins ezingapheli
I-Lupine ingaphansi kwezifo ezihlukahlukene. Cabangela ezinye zazo.
Umsuka wokubola
Lesi sifo sithinta kokubili isithombo kanye nesitshalo esidala. Emasimini amancane, izimpande, iziqu, kanye nama-cotyledons ezibola. Uhluma ubumnyama futhi ufe. Ama-cotyledons emasimini ahlanganiswe ngamanxeba. Ezikhathini ezindala, impande kanye nezimpande zibhubha. Abakhule futhi bafe. I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-Fusarium Link ye-fungus. Lawa amakhowe akhiwa ngesikhathi semvula. phezu kwezimbali ezinjengobomvana obukhanyayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukugcoba okumhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le macwecwe ihlanganiswe futhi iphenduka isisu sombala we-orange noma obomvu. I-mycelium isheshe isakaze ngesitshalo esibulalayo kanye nakweminye imifula ngosizo lwamanzi asempumalanga noma umoya. 
Uma i-lupine itshalwe emhlabathini onesihlabathi, lesi sifo singabamba imbali emswakama ophansi kanye namazinga okushisa angama-20 ° C nangaphezulu. Uma inhlabathi ihlanganiswa, ukuqala kokushisa kwe-air kusuka ku-18 kuya ku-25 ° C kwanele ukuba lupine igule.
Amakhowe athathwa emhlabathini. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ezinsalela zezitshalo noma imbewu yezitshalo.
Uma lupine igula, kufika ku-50% yazo zonke izimbali zingase zife. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukufakwa kwamaminerali e-phosphate.
Ama-lupins aphuzi ahlushwa izimpande ezingaphansi kwamanye amantombazane. 
I-Fusarium wilt
Lesi sifo sithinta imbali kuyo yonke impilo yayo. Amaqabunga e-Lupine angoma futhi aphephe. Ingxenyeni engenhla yembali iba i-drooping. Uma lesi sitshalo sinqunywe ngesigamu, ungabona ubumnyama besistimu ye-vascular. Uhlelo lwempande nge-fusarium luzoba luhlaza futhi lufe. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, amafungus amafomu ama-macroconidia ne-microconidia: kubonga kubo, i-mycelium yandisa imingcele yayo. I-Macroconidia inamasayizi avela kumamitha angu-25x3 kuya kuma-microns angu-50x3.5. I-Microconidia - i-unicellular enezingxenye eziningana. Uma izimvula ezinzima ziqala ngemva kwesomiso, i-mycelium iqala ukukhula ngesayizi ngokushesha.
Amakhowe angaqhubeka emhlabathini iminyaka engaba ngu-6.
Umquba we-Phosphate-potassium usiza lupine ukubhekana nalesi sifo. Kodwa isitshalo esithathelelekile asikhiqizi izithelo. 
Indawo emnyama
Lesi sifo sithinta kokubili amahlamvu nobhontshisi, kanye nembewu neziqu. Amabala obomvu afaka phansi phansi. Ubukhulu bawo bufinyelela kumamitha amabili. Emathini amasheya ombala obunqunu nomngcele wombala we-lime akhiwa.
Eminye imibala yabantu abadala, ukubukeka okumnyama kubonakala njengamabala abomvu anesimo esingavamile. Ububanzi bendawo buyi-centimeter eyodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi amabala ahlangana. Kulokhu, amaqabunga abe umbala obomvu obomvu. Bese baphenduka abamnyama bese behamba bezungeza.
Embewu, amabala afinyelela kumamitha amabili ububanzi. Bakha isembatho esimnyama.
I-agent causative yi-Ceratophorum setosum Kirch. Le fungus ingahlala emanzini asetshenziswayo. Kuthunyelwe ngembewu. 
I-Lupine ingagula emanzini ashisayo, afudumele. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-Lupine ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yebala elimnyama kungaba ngu-30%, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu.
Grey ukubola
Lesi sifo sibonakala phansi kwesiteji. Bese "kuthatha" izimbali nezithelo zombali. Izicubu zembali ezithathelwanayo ziyancipha, kuvela i-patina elimpunga. Ngomswakama ophezulu, isitshalo esibulalayo sihlanganisa ukubola.
Ngesikhathi esomile, lesi sifo sibonakala njengezilonda.
I-fungus ebangela ukubola kwegreyi ibizwa ngokuthi iBotritis cinerea Fr. I-mushroom ichitha ubusika emasimini ezitshalo emhlabathini. Kungabusika emhlabathini ngokujula kwama-5 cm, kanye nembewu. 
Kubalulekile! Iningi lazo zonke iziphuzi ezimpunga zigula eziphuzi ze-lupine.
Uma izimbali zingelashwa, kufika ku-30% yesitshalo sizofa.
Ukucwiliswa kweziqu
Lesi sifo siqala ngamachashazi ama-oval ngeziqu. Amabala engeziwe aqala ukwanda ngesayizi. Lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile ngomswakama ophezulu. I-stem yonke ibonakala ngamachashazi amnyama. Okulandelayo, iyoma. 
Isibangela sesifo yi-mushroom Phomopsis leptostromiforme Bubak. Uphila i-mushroom ezitshalweni ezifile.
Ukubona okumnyama
Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo sibonakala emaqabungeni aphansi e-lupine. Khona-ke uyahamba emaqabungeni aphezulu, ubhontshisi kanye ne-stem uqobo. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngesimo sezinsipho ezilinganiselwa kumamitha amane. Khona-ke amabala abe mnyama, i-patina yenziwa. Ngesikhathi umswakama ophezulu lesi sifo siqhubeka.
I-agent causative yalesi sifo yi-mushroom Stemphylium sarciniforme Wiltsh. Isatshalaliswa ngokusebenzisa i-conidia. Igcinwe ngesimo se-conidia ne-mycelium kuma-rest resies nezitshalo.
Lesi sifo sinzima kakhulu sezulu. Ngokuvamile, izimbali azifaki ubhontshisi ngenxa yobungozi obumnyama. Kufika ku-40% wezinhlobo zithintekayo ngesikhathi sesifo. 
Ukugqwala
Ukhula luqala kusukela ngo-Julayi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngesimo se-orange, futhi amabala amnyama angcolile emaqabunga. Kuphela phansi kweshidi kuthinteka. Uma ukugqwala kungaphathwa, amaqabunga angawa ngokushesha.
I-fungus ebangela lesi sifo ibizwa ngokuthi u-Uromyces lupinicola Bubak. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona isifo esibi kakhulu: kuthatha u-5% kuphela wesitshalo sonke.
Kunezimiso eziningana zokubhekana nezifo ze-lupine. Okokuqala, awukwazi ukutshala lupine kaningi ngaphezu kwesinye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Kunengqondo kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo zommbila ngonyaka ngaphambi kokutshala lupine. Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-lupine nezinye izitshalo kufanele libe cishe ngekhilomitha. Ngesikhathi seqoqo lembewu kumele lomezwe kube ngu-14% umswakama. Uma utshala, sebenzisa umquba we-phosphate-potassium. 
Emthonjeni omanzi, i-lupins ephuzi ihlwanyelwa kahle kakhulu okusanhlamvu. Uma isitshalo sigula, yisho, ukugqwala, kufanele ifakwe ngesixazululo se-1% se-sulfur colloidal. Ukhula ludinga ukuhlanzwa. Uma ekwindla ihambisana nemvula enzima, kubalulekile ukuphatha izitshalo zembewu ngosizo lwama-fofoliants kanye nama-dessicants. Sidinga futhi ukutshala okujulile kwekwindla yomhlaba nokususwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo kusuka emhlabathini.
Kulezi zinambuzane, i-aphid yisitha esesabekayo kakhulu se-lupine. Ama-pesticides nezinambuzane zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nama-aphid. Ezinye izinambuzane (isibonelo, i-ladybug) noma izinyoni zingakusiza futhi ukulwa nama-aphid. Ukuze wenze lokhu, tshala emasimini anemifino enemifino nemifino. Kukhona namakhambi aphid asekelwe ezindleleni zendabuko zomzabalazo (ukumnika igalikhi noma ukumnika utamatisi oqoshiwe).
I-Lupine isitshalo esihle futhi esinempilo. Yitshale ensimini yakho futhi ngeke ulizisole!
