Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho noma abaqalayo kuleli bhizinisi cishe bayoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ngomuthi ongajwayelekile, kodwa okhululekile womuthi utamatisi (sprut), obuye unikeze isivuno esihle kakhulu. Iningi lethu lisetshenziselwa ukuthi utamatisi kufanele abe nesimo esingcono kakhulu, kodwa lesi sitshalo esimweni somuthi singokoqobo nanamuhla. Kulesi sihloko sizobe sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ngalokhu "simo", futhi ulalele izinkinga zokulima kwawo ekhaya.
Kuyini lokhu?
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-tamarillo (igama elilodwa lomuthi utamatisi) yizihlahla ezihlabayo noma zonke izihlahla, ngokuvamile zifinyelela emamitha amahlanu ukuphakama. Ububanzi bawo bomqhele bungaba ngamamitha angu-50, futhi kukhona utamatisi onama-5-6 emgqonyeni owodwa kufinyelela ku-150 g. Amaqabunga asitshalo anesimo se-oval, futhi lapho kuphuma izimbali ezimhlophe-pink pink zibonakala. 
Ngokuqondene nezithelo, bangaba nombala ohlukile: kusuka ku-orange kuze kube obomvu obomvu. Inyama iyinambitheka kakhulu futhi imnandi kumnandi. Ngezibalo ezilinganiselwe, isitshalo esinjalo sikwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo iminyaka engaba ngu-15, kanti i-fruiting iqala ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukuvuna emthini we-tomato kuhle ukulungiselela ukugqoka, ama-sauces, kanye nokulungisa ama-cocktails yemifino noma zonke izinhlobo zokulondoloza. Okungukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzise kanjani utamatisi, ngokukhuphula lezi ezihlukahlukene ekhaya, uzothola umthombo omuhle kakhulu wamavithamini.
Uma ngaphambili kwakufanele ukhule izitshalo ezinomsoco (amaqabunga, i-pepper, nezinye izamatamatisi), bese ubhekana ngokufanele nalolu msebenzi kuwe ngeke ube nobunzima. Into eyodwa edingekayo ekuvuneni okuningi kakhulu yikhala esanele sokwanda komuthi nokunakekelwa kahle, esizoxoxa ngakho ngokuqhubekayo.
Uyazi? Njengoba utamatisi evele ematafuleni ase-Yurophu, sekuyisikhathi esiningi (badluliselwa eYurophu ngekhulu le-XVI), kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi lezi zithelo azange zisetshenziswe ekuphekeni isikhathi eside. Eziqaleni zokuqala zokujwayela isiko, abalimi balubhekwa njengesitshalo esinobuthi futhi bakhuliswa nje ngokuba "ilukuluku" oluvela emazweni angaphandle. Iresiphi yesidlo sokuqala saseYurophu namatamatisi abuyele emuva ngo-1692.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Njengoba kunikezwe uhlobo olungavamile lomuthi utamatisi nobungako bayo, kulula ukucabanga ukuthi isitshalo esinjalo siyodinga ukushisa okwakhiwe ngokukhululekile nezimo ezithile zokutshala nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo. Sizoqonda le ndaba ngokuseduze kakhulu. 
Usayizi wokushisa
I-octopus ekhulayo yenza nhlobo kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezithombo zokugcina izithombo (nakuba kungenzeka ukuyihlwanyela ensimini), kodwa isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi kumele bahlale egumbini elifudumele bese bekhanya. Yiqiniso, unikezwa ubungakanani obukhulu bomuthi utamatisi, ukushisa akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-50 m² ububanzi, futhi ukuze ubeke isitshalo esikhulu kangaka kuzodinga futhi amandla anelungelo elifanele: kusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-2mm (isibonelo, indlu yokugezela yangasese).
Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukulungiselela nokumboza usayizi ofanele, ozayo esikhathini esizayo oyokwazi ukuvikela izingxenye zokudla okunomsoco ehlobo. 
Njengengxenye yokwengeza, kuyoba nokunye okugeza okuncane, okuzoba yindawo yokulungiselela izixazululo ezakhiwe ngokhuni.
Yiqiniso, lapho kungekho ndawo edingekayo, isitshalo esikholwa singakhula ezindaweni zokugcina zokugcina izithombo, kodwa kulokhu singakhuluma kuphela ngokukhiqizwa kwezithelo ezivela ezihlahleni ezide (isivuno sisendaweni ye-10 kg ehlathini). Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhula okungenamkhawulo emthini we-tomato, kungenzeka ukuqoqa kuze kufike ku-1,500 kg utamatisi, nakuba kuzothatha iminyaka eyi-1.5 ukuyikhula.
Ukukhanyisa
I-fecundity yesitshalo esitshalwe kule ndawo ngokugcwele futhi ixhomeke ngokugcwele ezinkomba zokushisa eziphezulu kanye nokukhanya, hhayi nje kuphela lapho kuhlwanyela imbewu, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwesithelo. Ukuze uhlangabezane nale mfuneko, izithombo zokugcina izithombo zihlonyelwe imithombo yokukhanya okufakelwayo (izibani ze-fluorescent) ukuze kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa utamatisi isikhathi sabo sokukhanya okungenani amahora angu-12. 
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isimo esibaluleke ngokulinganayo ukushisa okungcono kakhulu, okuyinto ehlobo kufanele kube ngaphakathi + 24 ° +25 ° C, futhi lapho kufika ubusika, ungabi ngaphansi kuka-19 ° C.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
I-substrate evumelekile yomuthi utamatisi inikeza izingxenye ezifanayo ezisetshenziselwa ukutshala utamatisi ojwayelekile, kanti isimo esiyinhloko kulokhu kuwuphawu oluphakeme lokudla okunomsoco nokuphefumula kwenhlabathi ye-octopus, futhi akukhathaleki ukuthi ikhule yini emhlabathini ovulekile noma ezimweni zokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa ama-fertilizer akhethekile futhi ungakhohlwa ukukhipha inhlabathi nge-rake. Ukuxubha inhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala isihlahla kungcono ukusebenzisa ubumba obunwetshiwe.
Kubalulekile! Isihlahla se-tomato yisitshalo esingenakuqhathaniswa (ngokusho komanyolo), ngakho-ke kungcono ukulungiselela kusengaphambili inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezikhethekile zokufaka umanyolo.
Ukufika
Ukutshala kwe-octopus kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana: okokuqala, imbewu ihlwanyelwe futhi ukunakekelwa kwezithombo kwenziwa, bese izithombo ezikhulile zitshalwe endaweni yokushisa noma kwenye indawo ezilungiselelwe zona. 
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Imbewu yamatamatisi ingahlwanyelwa emhlabathini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa abalimi abanolwazi abaningi abanelulekwa ukuba benze lokhu ekupheleni kwebusika noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zonyaka ka-spring. Okokuqala, yonke impahla yokutshala ifakwa esiqandisini amahora angu-12, futhi emva kwalesi sikhathi isakazwa esitsheni esilungiselwe izithombo (ibhokisi lamapulangwe elinamaphesenti angaba ngu-15-20 cm kuyindlela enhle).
Imbewu ngayinye kumele ingcwatshwe emhlabathini okhululiwe ukujula okungaphansi kwe-1.5 cm, emva kwalokho izithombo ziphuziswa futhi zihlanganiswe nefilimu. Ngokushesha nje lapho kuhluma utamatisi, kumele bahlale ezimbizeni ezihlukene, lapho bazokhula baze bafike "endaweni yabo yokuhlala" engunaphakade.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Ukunakekela izithombo kudinga ukunisela okufanele nokukhulelwa njalo. Izitshalo ezincane ziyanisela njengoba inhlabathi yoma (cishe kabili ngezinsuku ezingu-7), futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngethreyi.
Ngokuqondene nokufaka umquba, njengokusho kokunisela, imvamisa yabo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezikhathi eziningana ngeviki, njalo isebenzisa ukubunjwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho ukhula izithombo ebusika, ukwethulwa kwamanzi okunciphisa kuncishiswa kanye kanye ngesonto, kanti ngokuvamile ukudla kungcono ukuyeka. 
Yiqiniso, ngalesi sikhathi akufanele ukhohlwe ngemodi lokushisa ekamelweni enezithombo (ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-20 ... + 25 ° C) nokukhanyisa kwayo okwanele, okuhlinzekwe nsuku zonke ngamabani e-fluorescent amahora angu-12-15.
Uyazi? Isisindo sezithelo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-tomato asidluli u-1 kg, kodwa ohlala eMinnesota (USA) wakwazi ukungena kuGuinness Book of Records ngenxa yezitamatisi ezakhula kuye, osisindo sakhe esingu-3800 g.
Ukutshala utamatisi
Uma imbewu ehlwanyela izithombo yenziwa ngoJanuwari noma ngasekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, bese kuthi phakathi no-Ephreli, izithombo zakho zizobe sezilungele ukutshala kabusha endaweni yokushisa. Ngokuvamile ngalesi sikhathi izinga lokushisa ekamelweni elinjalo ligcinwa kahle ngo-20 ... + 25 ° ะก, okwanele ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa komuthi utamatisi. Kungcono ukuphakamisa imibhede yomhlaba yokutshala u-0.5m ngaphezu komhlabathi futhi umngcele ngezitini ze-silicate, ukuze bakwazi ukufudumala kahle. 
Kusukela izithombo ezivunyiwe ukhethe kuphela izithombo ezinamandla kunayo yonke, ngoba zinezinga eliphakeme lokuqina. Ukutshala kwenziwa emigodini elungiselelwe ngaphambili, 10-15 cm ejulile, futhi ukwakha inombolo eyengeziwe yezimpande ezimpande, ukwehla imigqa emibili ephansi yamapheshana bese ungcwaba insimu emhlabathini ngaphambi kwamapuleti amahlamvu asele.
Lapho ulungiselela izimbobo emgodini ngamunye, kuyadingeka ukwengeza umlotha othulini kanye nengxenye encane ye-Azofoski, futhi kuhle uma umquba usungulwe endaweni lapho umuthi utamatisi wawubekwe khona ekwindla (okubekelwe ezingeni lika-20-25 cm). Kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa elithambile liqiniswa (kuze kube khona ukushintshashintsha okukhulu phakathi kwezinkomba zamalanga nobusuku) kungcono ukumboza izithombo ezitshaliwe ne-lutrasil ezihleliwe kuma-arcs. 
Ukunakekela nokutshala izihlahla ezindala
Isihlahla somutamatisi, njengezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, akulula ukukhula ekhaya, into esemqoka ukuhlinzeka ngesitshalo ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukufakela i-giant esizayo endaweni yokushisa kungumyingcele nje kuphela wempi, kanti isigamu sesibili sihlanganisa ukwazi ama-nuances okuthambisa kwawo, ukufaka umanyolo oqhubekayo nezinye izinyathelo ze-agrotechnical.
Ngakho-ke, ama-organic and mineral compounds afaneleke njengama-fertilizer, futhi okwakamuva kufanele kube ne-boric acid, i-magnesium, i-potassium, i-zinc, ithusi, i-ammonium nitrate kanye ne-superphosphate elula. Umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe enhlabathini okungenani kanye ngesonto. Njengesivikelo sokuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene zika utamatisi, ikhambi elikhethekile ne-iodine okuqukethwe liphelele (ibhodlela elilodwa kufanele lichithwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Kanye ngesonto, ungondla ngesisombululo esimnandi sokumnika kwamakhemikhali. 
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala umuthi wakho we-tomato akumele uthwale izithelo, kungenjalo esikhathini esizayo ngeke ukwazi ukuthola isitshalo esakhiwe kahle. Futhi, akufanele unamathele esihlahleni, ushiye amahlumela ephephile futhi ezwakalayo.
Yiqiniso, ukukhula okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kwalowo omkhulu, kudinga amanzi amaningi ngokwanele, okusho ukuthi, kusukela ngoMeyi, ukuchelela kufanele kube nokuningi okwanele, futhi kusesimo sezulu esishisayo - nsuku zonke.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukwengeza uketshezi enhlabathini ekuseni, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi isikhumba sezithelo zokuvuthwa sanda, futhi sinciphisa kusihlwa. Uma uchelela kabili ngosuku (ekuseni nakusihlwa), utamatisi uvele uqhekeke, njengoba amanzi angenayo azophula isikhumba ngaphakathi.Ngemva kokudala lesi sitshalo izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo, izithelo zokuqala zingalindelwa kakade phakathi noJuni, okuphambene nokuvuthwa kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zotamatisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihlahla sizoqhubeka siphumelela kuze kube sekwindla (nangemva kwalokho), lapho isivuno sesivunyiwe kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zakudala.
Funda mayelana nezinhlayiyana zezitshalo zamatamatisi ezikhulayo "Katya", "Volgograd", "iSiberia ekuqaleni", "Persimmon", "Ukugcwalisa okugcwele", "Tretyakovsky", "Black Prince", "Ukugcwalisa okumhlophe".
Kungenzeka yini ukukhula emhlabathini ovulekile?
Abalimi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umuthi utamatisi ekhaya kufanele ukhule kuphela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ngokukhethekile okwenzelwe lokhu, kodwa ngokwenza lokhu kungenzeka kungase kutholakale okungaphezu kwesisodwa endaweni evulekile cottage ehlobo. 
Kudingeka kuphela ukudala izimo ezifanele zesitshalo, ngokulandela izincomo ezithile:
- imbewu yokuhlwanyela kufanele iqhutshwe kakhulu kunasezinye izinhlobonhlobo zezamatamatisi, kanti ngesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika, izithombo zamahlumela zidinga ukukhanya okunye okufakelwayo;
- ukuze kusebenze ukukhula kwezimpande ezintsha, kufanele uhlanganise impande esemqoka;
- ukufakelwa kabusha kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana ne-scheme 40x60x140 cm, ngoba umuthi utamatisi wendlela efana nezihlahla emphakathini omdala ungafinyelela ububanzi buka 3-4 m (uma ukhulile ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, lokhu kukhulu kakhulu);
- njengezimo zokushisa, izitshalo ze-pasynkovanie emhlabathini ovulekile akudingeki;
- njalo uhlale ukhumbule ukugqoka okwenziwa yizimpande (izingxenye ezifanayo njengesitshalo esibamba ukushisa) zihle kakhulu indima yemifuno);
- ukuvinjelwa okuvamile futhi okuvamile kwezitshalo ezivela ezinambuzane nezifo, ngokuvamile "izivakashi" kuwo;
- ukwandisa isivuno semikhiqizo, kubalulekile ukususa ophuzi, amaqabunga endala asezindaweni ezingezansi kwe-trunk (le nqubo iqala esiteji sesithelo sokuvuthwa emgqonyeni wokuqala wembali);
- I-octopus ithanda ukushisa kwelanga kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba uyitshale endaweni ekhanyisiwe (ukukhanya okuphansi kwesitshalo kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokwakheka okuncane kwama-ovari wezithelo zesikhathi esizayo).
Njengoba ubona, akukho zimo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo ekutshaleni isihlahla somutamatisi endaweni yakho, nakuba emasimini cishe kuzobe kubalwe isitshalo esinjengesihlahla, kanti ukutshala endaweni yokushisa ehlongozwe ngokukhethekile kuzokwenza ukuthi kutholakale isivuno esikhulu esimweni esenziwe ngomuthi.
