Uma ukhula ukhukhamba, abalimi bavame ukubhekana nezifo ezihlukahlukene zalesi sitshalo.
Enye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu kubhekwa njengenhlangano ye-fusarium, okungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Iyini i-Fusarium, yini ebonakalayo nokuthi ingayibhekana kanjani nayo.
Yini eyingozi futhi ivelaphi
Isizathu esiyinhloko seqabunga leqabunga lingcolisa isitshalo; baqala ukushisa amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwama-38º. Futhi ukushisa komhlaba ngaphezu kuka 25ºะก kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwesihlahla. 
Esinye isizathu ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinhlamvu ze-fungus Verticillium noma i-Fusarium oxysporum. Ukuphoqa okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi i-fusarium noma i-tracheomycotic. Kulokhu, amaqabunga aphelile kuphela, kepha nawo wonke amahlathi.
Ama-spores angena esitshalweni ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwempande olubuthakathaka namaqabunga alalomele. I-Fusarium ikhula ngokusheshisa emazingeni aphansi okushisa, ukuchelela ngokweqile, kanye nezimo zokubamba ukushisa ngenxa yokuthi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo inhlabathi ngokuvamile ayiphathwa.
Kubalulekile! Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlamvu ze-fungus zifika ezitshalweni kanye namanzi avela emigodini yemvelo, uma zivinjelwa kulokho.Ingozi yalesi sifo iwukuthi ekuqaleni ukutheleleka kwenzeke, kuphakama umonakalo owenziwe esikhathini esizayo. Futhi futhi eqinisweni lokuthi ezinkathini zokuqala akunakwenzeka ukuyiqonda, kubonakala kuphela ezitshalweni ezindala phakathi nenkathi yezimbali.
Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi sifo kukhona imbewu enesifo noma izithombo. Inhlabathi ingabangela ukutheleleka, kepha ikakhulukazi lapho kutshalwa khona ukhukhamba noma lapho ikhulile endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingana elandelanayo. 
Izimpawu zokubukeka
Lapho i-fusarium ithinta isistimu yamasondo ehlathini. Esikhathini sokunqunywa kwamaqabunga bese kutholakala izitsha ezimnyama ezibonakalayo. Ekusola okuncane kakhulu kwesifo, kusetshenzwa ingxenye yesigcawu futhi isitshalo sihlolwe ngokuba khona kwegridi elimnyama lama-vascular.
Bheka izinhlobo ezinjalo zamakhukhamba njenge "Colonel Real", "Masha f1", "Umncintiswano", "Zozulya f1", "Nezhinsky", "isiFulentshi f1", "Isibindi".I-Fusarium ingabuye ihlolwe ukubola kwetamo elikhulu kanye nezimpande. Kulezi zindawo, i-stem ikhula ibe mnyama futhi ilula, futhi amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka. Lesi sitshalo siqala ukubola futhi sife. Iphinde ikhule kahle, futhi emva kokuqhakaza, i-ovary ifa ngaphandle.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
I-Fusarium yokwama ukhukhamba iyingozi ngoba ayikho indlela eyi-100% yokuphumelela ekulwa nayo, ngakho-ke lapho ebuzwa ukuthi ungayilwa kanjani, indlela enengqondo kakhulu yokuvikela ukutheleleka ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela. 
Njengoba izinhlamvu zefungi zifaka isitshalo ngomhlabathi, isisindo esiyinhloko sokuvimbela ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi. I-disinfected ngamanzi abilayo noma i-sideratami, isb. imifino eluhlaza etholakala kusuka lwesinaphi, lupine.
Kudingekile ukugcina umbuso wokushisa, ukuze ungadluli umhlabathi. Ikhukhamba izithombo zinzima ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ukuze amaqabunga ezitshalo ezikhulile azithokoze kakhulu.
Uyazi? Igama "ikhukhamba" etholakala esiGreek sasendulo "aguros"lokho kusho ukungafihli, ukuguga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukususa izihlahla ezithintekayo, kanye nokukhetha izinhlobo eziphikisana nezifo zokutshala.
Ama-agrotechnical receptions
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhamba kwamakhukhamba, kubalulekile ukugcina ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela ama-substrates nokugcina imigomo yokusetshenziswa kwawo. 
Kunconywa ukuba ushintshe i-substrate ngezikhathi ezithile ukulima kwezitshalo ezalandela.
Ukuze uqinise futhi uthuthukise ukhukhamba, umquba noma ama-humus ufakwa enhlabathini. Khipha inhlabathi ukugcwalisa izimpande nge-oxygen. Izinhlelo zokugeleza kufanele zihlolwe ngokunisela ukuchelela, ukugwema umswakama omile.
Uyazi? Ukuhlanza ukhukhamba kuklanyelwe ukukhipha umswakama owedlula okwezithelo. Ekuseni bangabona amaconsi amazolo.Ukuqoqa izihlahla kanye nokuvuna okufika ngesikhathi kunciphisa umthwalo ohlelweni lwempande, ngenxa yalokho okuba khona ukulwa nezifo.
Ukulungiswa kokusuka kwamakhukhamba
Ukulwa nokukhamba kwamakhukhamba ezimweni eziningi akusebenzi kahle, ngoba i-agent causative yesifo ibonisa ukumelana okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, cabangela izidakamizwa ezithandwa kakhulu futhi eziphumelelayo. 
Biologics
Phakathi kwe-biopreparations, isidakamizwa i-Trichodermin, esakhiwe ngesisekelo sezinhlanzi ze-Trichoderma, iyona ephumelela kakhulu ekulweni ne-fusarium. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komuthi kwenza izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha emhlabathini owenziwe ngaphambili.
Okulandelayo, bamba ukusifiphaza kwenhlabathi futhi uqube ukumiswa. Ezinye izidakamizwa eziphumelelayo kuleli qembu ziyi-Baktofit, Trihofit no-Planriz. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, bahlanza izithombo kanye ne-substrate.
Funda indlela yokubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane zamakhukhamba, ikakhulukazi nge-midges, isikhutha se-powdery.
Amakhemikhali
Ama-fungicides engxenyeni enkulu anethonya elincane ku-fungus. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umphumela owanelisayo wanikezwa umuthi "Fundazol". Baphathwa ngezitshalo ngaphambi kokutshala.
Futhi, emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, kunconywa ukuthi unisele inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-Previkur Energy (ukuhlushwa kwe-0.15%). 
Ekuqaleni kokuthola isifo, i-Quadris, i-Gymnast, i-Acrobat MC, ne-Maxim ingasetshenziswa ukuphatha izihlahla. Ukwandisa ukumelana nokukhula, imbewu kanye nezithombo ziphathwa nge-Humisol.
Folk
Nge-wrestling ye-fusarium kwenziwa ngezindlela ezithandwayo. Omunye wabo uyaphula ngesisombululo samasondo. Ama-4 amalitha we-serum ayengezwa amalitha ayishumi amanzi.
Kubalulekile! I-sulfate ye-Copper ingangezwa kule nkinga (1.5 tsp.).
Kungenzeka yini ukulwa nesigaba esisebenzayo sokuthuthukiswa
Ngeshwa, esiteji esithuthukile akunakwenzeka ukulwa nalesi sifo. Izihlahla ezichaphazelekayo kufanele zisuswe futhi zishiswe. Ngeke isetshenziswe njenge-compost. Izitshalo ezomakhelwane zenziwa ngenye yezindlela ezingenhla. 
Izinhlobo eziphikisayo
Isilinganiso sokuzivikela esiphumelele kakhulu ukukhetha izinhlobo zekhukhamba eziphikisana nezifo. Lezi zinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid ezibhalwe nge-F1. Nasi uhlu lwama-hybridi athandwa kakhulu:
- Ryabinushka;
- Dunyasha;
- Okuhle;
- Zhukovsky;
- Vityaz;
- I-Caprice;
- Nkosi;
- Bunny.
