Izithelo zomvini ziyisitshalo esivamile emazweni amaningi emhlabeni, kodwa noma yikuphi lapho ikhula khona, idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngoba kunezifo eziningi lapho amagilebhisi engenawo umkhuhlane.
Ngakho-ke, sicabangela esinye sezifo ukuthi amagilebhisi athambekele ku-chlorosis.
Iyini i-chlorosis futhi iyingozi kanjani?
I-chlorosis yisifo esitshalweni, esibonakala ukungabi nalutho lwe-chlorophyll emaqabungeni nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-photosynthesis. Okuvamile kakhulu amagilebhisi e-chlorosis. Amaqabunga amancane abe aphuzi, adala - futhi alahlekelwe nhlobo. Bangakwazi ukuphoqa nokuwa. Nsuku zonke i-yellowing ingaba namandla kakhulu. Amahlumela ayeke ekuthuthukisweni. I-ovary yesithelo isondwe, amahlumela amasha ayafa. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, izihlahla zomvini ezivuthiwe ziyafa.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zesifo
I-chlorosis ishintshwe izimo zezulu. Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesifudumele sinenzuzo ngaphezu kokumanzi nokuna.
Hlola ukuthi amagilebhisi anjengokuthi "U-Arched", "Riesling", "Gourmet", "Elegant", "Tason", "Buffet", "Kumemori ye-Domkovskoy", "Julian", "Chardonnay", "Laura", "Harold "," Gala "," uLily wesigodi "," Kesha "," Chameleon "," Ruslan ".Isifo esicutshungulwayo siyingozi ngokumisa nokusabalalisa, ukuphuza amaqabunga, ukukhula okunamandla kwamahlumela angashintshi ubukhulu nobude. Ukuqashelwa okubonakalayo kushiya umbala obomvu, ukomisa nokuwa.
Izihlahla zomvini ezonakalisiwe zivela ezinhlobonhlobo zamaqoqo nezithelo ezincane, okuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno. 
Okungenasifo
Ngamanye amazwi, i-chlorosis esebenza kahle noma yensimbi yenzeka ngenxa yokugcwalisa amagilebhisi ngensimbi, ama-manganese, i-cobalt, ithusi, i-zinc, i-molybdenum, ekhonjiswe enhlabathini futhi ayinamakhemikhali amancane.
Lokhu kuthiwa, amagilebhisi angagula hhayi ngenxa yokungabi khona kwalawo makhemikhali emhlabathini, kodwa ngenxa yokungabi namandla okuwohloka esimweni.
Loluhlobo lwesifo lungabonakala ngokuhlunga kwamaqabunga eduze nemifino, ukuphela kokukhula kwezitshalo, noma ukuqondisa kwayo engxenyeni engezansi yehlathi. Kuyenzeka uma umzimba ongenakulinganisela, okweqile uketshezi nomswakama emhlabathini, ukusabela nge-alkali enhlabathini, ukungabi nsimbi. Uma iningi le-chlorophyll lifa, lesi sitshalo sizwa ukuzila ukudla. Singakwazi ukunquma lokhu ngokuyeka ukukhula, ukubola kwamaqabunga namahlumela, ukuchithwa kwamaqoqo nezimbali. Uma ungahlinzeki usizo, isitshalo singase sife.
Kubalulekile! Izimpawu ezichazwe yizici kuphela ze-chlorosis ezibangelwa ukungabi nensimbi.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Amanye amagama walolu hlobo lwegciwane lesifo kukhona umdwebo ophuzi, i-panashyur. Ama-virus, ama-microorganisms kanye ne-fungi angabangela uketshezi lwe-chlorosis. Idluliselwa ngezidalwa ezinambuzane, inhlabathi, noma ukutshala okuhlangene nesitshalo esinesifo. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kuka 58-62 ° C, igciwane liyafa.
Ngentwasahlobo, izimpawu zingase zibe umbala ophuzi wamahlamvu noma ezinye izingxenye zamagilebhisi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, amaqabunga abe obuluhlaza obombala ngamachashaza angenalutho, ngokungahleliwe azungeze isitshalo. Emasimini amahlumela ashintsha ukuma kwawo, futhi amaqoqo abe amancane. 
Ngenxa yobunzima besifo, kungcono ukuqothula izihlahla, ngoba ngeke zithele izithelo, kodwa kukhona ingozi yokuthelela ezinye izitshalo. Indawo yokusabalalisa yiYurophu, i-Argentina, iCalifornia, eningizimu yeMoldova, i-Uzbekistan neTajikistan.
I-Carbonate
Elinye igama lingumhlobo we-limy wesifo, okuyinto evamile kakhulu. Ivela emagilebhisi, ekhula enhlabathini enomdlandla ngezinga eliphansi lokushintshaniswa kwegesi kanye ne-carbonate kanye ne-alkali saturability.
I-carbonate chlorosis ngokuvamile yendawo. I-chlorosis ene-excess of lime ibangelwa ukuhlushwa okuphansi kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezinamazinga aphansi ensimbi zilahlekelwa umbala wazo oluhlaza ngenxa yokungakwazi ukukhiqiza i-chlorophyll. 
I-iron isenhlabathini eningi ngokwanele, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ifakwe i-hydroxide, ayifinyeleli kahle esitshalweni. Izici ezifanayo zinezethusi, ama-manganese, ama-salin ayi-zinc, okuyizicubu zesitshalo ezithola amafomu angasebenzi. Ifomu le-carbonate yesifo lingabangela ukumiswa nokufa kwamagilebhisi.
Ukuvimbela
Uma ubona izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-chlorosis kumagilebhisi, kodwa usenayo izihlahla ezinempilo, into engcono kakhulu ochwepheshe abayeluleka kulokhu kuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela:
- ukuthuthukisa izimo zomhlabathi (ukungena kwamanzi kanye namanzi omhlabathi) ngamanzi, ukwengeza ubumba obunwetshiwe, i-slag noma i-rubble;
- ukunciphisa umquba wesivini, njengoba kungenzeka, ngokubambisana ne-lime, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zawo ezimbi;
Uyazi? Umanyolo wemvelo owusizo kakhulu ubhekwa njengomquba kanye ne-peat.
- ama-fertilizer afanelekayo afana nokunciphisa ama-alkali emhlabathini (potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate);
- Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela i-lupine noma i-alfalfa eduze kwamagilebhisi ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngama-microelements futhi kuqaliswe ukushintshaniswa kwe-hydro-exchange kanye ne-gas exchange;
- ubeke eduze kwesivini esingenalo i-lime. Lo mcimbi kufanele wenziwe uma utshala izitshalo.
Indlela yokubhekana ne-chlorosis
Uma ubona i-chlorosis kumagilebhisi, kufanele uzijwayele ngezici zezinhlobonhlobo zalesi sifo ukuze ukhethe iseluleko esifanele ukuthi ungayiphatha kahle kanjani. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucacisa izizathu zokubukeka kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyoba lula ukukhetha enye yezindlela ezikhona zokususa.
Funda ukutshala izithelo zomvini, indlela yokudla, indlela yokudla, indlela yokutshala, indlela yokwenza iwayini ekhaya, indlela yokusika amagilebhisi.
Okungenasifo
Kudingeka ukondle amaqabunga nge chelate yensimbi. Kanye namagilebhisi e-chlorosis angaphulukiswa nge-sulfate yensimbi, okufanele iphathwe izimpande. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okulinganayo nge-manganese, boron, magnesium, ne-zinc kuyophinde kube nenzuzo.
Kunezinye izincomo zokuthi i-chlorosis yamagilebhisi omvini angaphathwa kanjani ngempumelelo. Ukufafaza amahlamvu kuzoba yindlela ephumelelayo. 
Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza isixazululo, okufaka ama-700 g we-sulphate ensimbi, amalitha ayi-100 angenawo i-lime, 1 kg ngamalitha angu-100 amanzi avela emthonjeni ocebile. Uma ufaka i-citric acid emthamo we-100 g ngamalitha angu-100 wamanzi, ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kuzokwanda, kodwa izindleko zayo ziyokhula.
Kubalulekile! Akunjalo ukuthi lesi sixazululo singaxubaniswa ne-iron sulfate.Kudingeka ukufiphala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo izikhathi 2-4 ngekhefu kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5. Umphumela ophawulekayo uzoba uma amaqabunga asencane futhi engaphansi.
Ukuze uphumelele kakhulu kwezidakamizwa, funa kusihlwa noma ekuseni. Kunemikhawulo: 700-800 amalitha ngalinye ngehektare elilodwa. Futhi, ukuchithwa kufanele kugwenywe ngesikhathi sokuvuna kwamagilebhisi. 
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Njengoba lolu hlobo lwesifo lubangelwa amagciwane, ama-microorganisms noma isikhunta, izinto ezibalwe ohlwini, nezinambuzane ezincelisayo (thrips, aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu) ezibekezelela i-chlorosis, kufanele zibhujiswe.
Kumele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi impahla yokutshala ayithinti isitshalo esinesifo. Esimweni esinzima kakhulu, amahlumela kufanele asuswe, okungukuthi, ahlulwe ngokuphelele futhi atshiswe.
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukusakazeka kwesifo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-inoculum ethathwe emthonjeni wesifo kufanele kugwenywe. Izithelo zomvini kufanele zifakwe ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe ne-chlorosis.
Uyazi? Isikhathi sokuqala i-chlorosis esithathelwanayo yaphenywa futhi yachazwa ngo-1937 eCzechoslovakia.Uma izihlahla eziviniwe izihlahla zithathe izifo, zihlanjululwe futhi umhlaba uphathwa nge-dichloroethane ukubhubhisa izinambuzane ezihlala khona.
I-Carbonate
Kudingeka ukondle amaqabunga nge-chelate yensimbi, futhi kungcono ukucubungula izimpande nge-ferric acid iron noma ukusebenzisa i-vitriol nge-citric acid, okuzokwenza kube ne-oxidation encane.
Ukuze ukwelashwa kwe-chlorosis, amagilebhisi angaphathwa nge-0.1% iron sulphate (10 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Kunconywa ukuphinda inqubo uma kunesidingo (ngezibonakaliso eziphindaphindiwe).
Kuzosiza futhi ukuba ufunde ngezifo ezinjalo kanye nezinambuzane zamagilebhisi njenge-mildew, i-grape mite, i-oidium.Ekwindla noma ngasekupheleni kobusika, kungenzeka ukwenza imitshingo eduze nomjikelezo wamahlathi bese wengeza 150-400 g yesisombululo ngensimbi sulfate emhlabathini, ukumboza ngomhlaba.
Enye indlela yokwelapha uhlobo lwe-carbonate yesifo yilona ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamronutrients, okuvumela ukuba uqale kabusha umzimba omuhle kanye ne-photosynthesis. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zensimbi eziqukethe izinto eziphilayo. 
Umanyolo ovame kakhulu (izinkimbinkimbi ezinezici zamakhemikhali zensimbi) zalolu hlobo ziyi-complexonates.
Izinhlobo eziphikisayo
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ezingenayo i-chlorosis noma ziphikisana nazo. Izinhlobo zaseYurophu Vitis vinifera (Vitis vinifera) ziphikisana kakhulu kuneVitis labrusca (Vitis labrusa), Vitis riparia (Vitis riparia), Vitis rupestris (Vitis rupestris), ejwayelekile eMelika.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zaseNingizimu Melika, i-Vitis berlandieri (Vitis berlandieri) ibhekwa njengezinzile kakhulu ngenxa yezinga elanele le carbonate emhlabathini.
Izinhlobo zaseYurophu "Shasla", "Pinot", "iCabernet-Sauvignon" zibhekwa njengezinzile kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala kwazo. Kodwa, naphezu kwezinzuzo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo, zinezinkinga. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zamagilebhisi eYurophu ziphikisana kakhulu nomhlabathi we-carbonate, kodwa zingafa nge-phylloxera. 
Izinhlobo zaseMelika, ngokuphambene nalokho, ziphikisana ne-phylloxera, kodwa okuqukethwe kwe-calcium emhlabathini kuholela ekufeni kwabo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ebangeni ngalinye kunezinga elivumelekile le-calcium enhlabathini nokumelene nomuntu ngamunye ku-phylloxera.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingaqanjwanga ngegama ezingekho ngaphansi kwezifo "Trollinger", "Limberger", "Portugizer", "Elbling", "Cabernet", izinhlobo "Saint Laurent" ne "Muscatel".
Njengoba sibonile, i-chlorosis iyisifo esiyingozi samagilebhisi, ngoba ngokungabi khona kwezimo ezifanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, isitshalo singalimala noma some isikhathi eside.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlobo olulodwa lwesifo oluhloliswe ludinga indlela yalo yokuvuna yamagilebhisi futhi akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo ohlobo olulodwa kolunye ukuze kungabi nakakhulu isimo sesitshalo. Ukuze uthole induduzo enkulu, umlimi wensimu unikezwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo eziphikisanayo.
