Izinhlobonhlobo ukhula kunalokho zikhulu, futhi kudingeka zihlukaniswe ukuze zifunde ngempumelelo, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinyathelo zokulwa nazo. Emisebenzini yezolimo, amaqhinga amabili okuhlukanisa izilwane asetshenziselwa kakhulu - ama-agrobiological (izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinto eziphilayo zokhula zicatshangelwa: indlela yokudla nokukhiqiza, isikhathi sokuphila) kanye ne-botanical (isigaba, umndeni, uhlobo, isitshalo sesitshalo sinqunywa) ukuhlukaniswa kokhula. Kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukuhlukaniswa kwezinokhula eziphilayo.
Izitshalo ezingezona amagciwane
Leli qembu elincane lezitshalo zokhula ezizenzekelayo ezenza izinto eziphilayo zenziwe ngendlela engavamile ekusebenzeni kwe-photosynthesis. Sinesici esithuthukisiwe esisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nesistimu yezimpande. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo ezingamanzi ezinokhula ngokulinda kwempilo kulandela lokhu: izingane ezisencane (one-one-two-year-old) futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kunalokho kungabonakali, ngoba amanye ukhula oluncane lungadliwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokuphila.
Ukhula oluncane
Ukhula oluncane yizitshalo ezizaliswa yizimbewu kuphela, zingapheli iminyaka emibili bese zifa emva kokubunjwa kwembewu. Ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokuphila, zihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezithile (ngokuvumelana nezici zomjikelezo wokuphila, ukhula lwaminyaka yonke luhlukaniswa ngokuthi yi-ephemera, entwasahlobo, ebusika kanye nasebusika) kanye neminyaka emibili ubudala (izikhathi ezimbili zemifino zidinga ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwesitshalo kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu yokuvuthwa, yangempela nokuzikhethela ).
Ukuhlelwa kokhula oluncane kufakwa etafuleni:
| Ukhula oluncane | |
| Amanothi | Biennial |
| I-Ephemera - izitshalo ezinezikhathi ezincane (1.5-2 izinyanga) zingaveza izizukulwane eziningana ngenkathi eyodwa. Ummeleli ojwayelekile wokhula oluphethwe yi-star sprout. Yakhelwe ezindaweni eziphatheka kahle, ezinomanzi. Izitshalo zalo zihlanganisa i-branching, cishe ezinwabuzelayo, zinganikeza izimpande ezizenzekelayo. Esinye isitshalo sikwazi ukuzala kusukela ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15 kuya kweziyizinkulungwane ezingu-25 futhi sithwala izithelo kabili ngonyaka. | Real - lezi zitshalo ezinokhula zikhula ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana nomjikelezo owaziwayo: ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ziqoqa kuphela izakhi ezimpandeni, ifomu rosettes neziqu, kodwa aziqhakazi futhi zingatheli izithelo, futhi okwesibili (ngemva kokudlula ngaphezulu) - izakhi ezithwala izithelo ( iqukethe izimbali kanye nembewu). Ukukhiqizwa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kuyimbewu, futhi okwesibili - i-vegetative. Bangakwazi ukunqoba kabili futhi emva kokuba beqhakaza futhi bathele izithelo, kodwa kuphela uma izithombo zivela ekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekwindla futhi akukho ukutholakala okwanele kwezakhi ezimpandeni. Lolu hlobo lokhula lumelelwa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: жев лип, дон дон, i-clover yokwelapha, i-henbane emnyama. |
| Spring ekuseni - ihlumela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nesiphetho ukuthuthukisa ukuqoqwa kwezitshalo ezitshalwayo kanyekanye kanye nokuvuthwa kwazo. Ipapashwe yizimbewu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zokhula kuholela ekutheni inhlabathi kanye nembewu yembewu ivinjiwe kakhulu. Abamele bekusasa kwentwasahlobo yi-cockle ejwayelekile, i-oats, i-grunta intaba, inyoni yezintaba, isithombo sesendle, i-mary emhlophe, umusi we-pharmacy nabanye. | Okuzikhethela - ukhula olungathuthuka kokubili ukhula lwama-biennial wangempela, kanye nokhula wonyaka wama-wintering. Konke kuncike ezimweni ezithile eziphathelene nokukhula. |
| Isiphephu sekwephuzile - la mahlumela ahluma ngokufudumala kwenhlabathi, athuthuka kancane kancane futhi imbewu inikezwa kanye nezitshalo ezithengwa konyaka ophelile, imbewu yazo ingena esitshalweni. Izitshalo zokhula ezinomsoco zivundiswa yizimbewu, futhi abameleli babo abajwayele ukukhishwa yi-shchirk, bahlanganisa i-cockmith, i-millet, i-kurai, i-ambrosia polynnolistnaya, i-griff gray ne-green, ne-amaranth iphonswe emuva. | |
| Izitshalo zasebusika - lezi zitshalo zokhula zidinga isikhathi sokuphumula ngamazinga okushisa aphansi (overwintering), ngaphandle kwazo ukuthuthukiswa kwazo okungeke kwenzeke. Ukweqa ngokweqile kwenzeka esigabeni sokulima noma se-rosette. Amahlumela ebusika izitshalo zivela ekupheleni kwehlobo - ekwindla. Khulisa, njengomthetho, ezitshalweni zokhula oluhlala njalo nobusika. Banda kuphela ngembewu. Abamele izitshalo zasebusika - i-broomstick, umlilo wegazi, isikhwama somalusi, i-cornflower eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. | |
| Ebusika - zingahluma ekupheleni kwehlobo bese zikhula njengezitshalo zasebusika, noma zihluma entwasahlobo bese zikhula njengentwasahlobo. Amahlumela asempumalanga awenzi ama-basal rosette amaqabunga, futhi avuthwe kancane kancane noma ngesikhathi esifanayo noma izitshalo zokusanhlamvu. Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kusengaphambili kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokukhula. Ngemuva kokubanda ubusika, yakha i-rosette yamaqabunga e-basal, i-stem ekhula ngokushesha nezimila ziphela ekuqaleni. Abamele abavamile - i-chamomile engenasici, insimu ye-larkspur, i-wart evamile, i-violet yensimu, i-trash can. | |
Uyazi? EJapane, isitshalo esinjalo sokhula, njenge-burdock, sibhekwa njengemifino egcwele futhi sidliwa okuluhlaza, okubilisiwe, okuphekwe noma okufakwe emanzini. Izimpande zeBurdock zinephunga eliqinile le-nutty, futhi izimbali zalo zifana nokunambitheka kwe-artichokes.
Ukhula Olumilayo
Lezi yizitshalo ezinezinsuku ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili, ziphindaphinda zombili izitshalo nezithelo, futhi zithela izithelo kaningi phakathi nokuphila. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ivuthiwe, ukhula olungapheli lufa kuphela ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komhlaba, futhi ngaphansi komhlaba (ama-bulbs, izilimo eziyizigaxa, izimpande, ama-rhizomes) agcina ukusebenza kwazo. Njalo ngonyaka, amahlumela amasha akhula emzimbeni angaphansi komhlaba, enza iziqu, izimbali kanye nembewu. Uma sikhuluma ngendlela yokukhiqiza, ukhula olungapheli luhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili - ukusabalalisa ngokweqile imifino noma ayikhuli ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi isakaze ngokuyinhloko imifino. Abameleli abavamile bokhula oluhlala njalo banomkhawulo wokulimaza, insimu yensimu, ingadi engadini, isithwathwa esinyamazelayo utshani, i-horsetail, umhlonyane omunyu, i-dandelion, i-coltsfoot.
Ukwahlulelwa kokhula okungapheli ngamaqembu eziphilayo kuyindlela elandelayo: izimpande-izimpande, i-rhizomatous, impande-izimpande, i-raceme, i-tuberous ne-bulbous, i-follic follicle kanye nezinwabuzelayo.
Amafafafaza omsuka Ukhula luyisimiso esiyingozi kakhulu esinesidalwa esinamandla, esinamandla, esijulile. Kusukela emmpandeni, izimpande ze-lateral, lapho zikhona khona iziqu ezihlelwa kabusha, zihlukanisa ngama-radially, ngokuyinhloko zemifino, ngezihlumela ezizenzekelayo ezimpandeni futhi, kancane kancane, imbewu. Abamele lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezingapheliyo - insimu yasendle, insimu yokuhlwanyela insimu, i-oxaloaceae encane, i-colza ejwayelekile, inwabuzelayo ebabayo.
Rhizomatous Ukhula olungapheli lunamalungu angaphansi komhlaba okuzala (rhizomes), okuyinto ekhula kakhulu, futhi ifakwa enhlabathini ngezansi. Ama-rhizomes aqinile, aqukethe izakhi zomzimba. Bazala ngokuyinhloko ngamafihlethi okuzitshalo ezitshalweni ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi, kancane kancane, imbewu. Abamele kukhona i-wheatgrass, umunwe ovamile, i-coltsfoot, i-millennial, i-alep utshwala.
Rodroot Ukhula luyizitshalo ezingapheli ezizaliswa yizimbewu futhi zinezimpande zomshoshaphansi. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpande ezilimazayo zingaveza amahlumela ezitshalo. Umsuka owodwa, owenziwe, owandisa emhlabathini, ngaphandle kwama-node, amaqabunga namaqabunga. Izitshalo zifa njalo ngonyaka futhi zivuselelwa kusukela efihlekile ezibekiwe emgodleni wempande noma endaweni engaphezulu kwesigamu. Lolu hlobo lwokhula olusetshenziswa lumelelwa umhlonyane, i-dandelion, i-sorrel ekhanda, ne-chicory.
Brushwood - izitshalo ezikhula zokhula zinezimpande ezinezimpande futhi zisakazwe yizimbewu. Umsuka isandla esinamandla. Amaqabunga neziqu ziyafa njalo ngonyaka, futhi ezintsha zizalwa endaweni yazo ngonyaka ozayo. Abamele umcibisholo we-brush yi-buttercup ye-caustic ne-plantain enkulu.
Ama-bulbous ukhula lunombhobho osebenzela ukuqoqa udaba oluphilayo, ukwandisa izitshalo, ukuguqulwa komhlaba okugxilile komhlaba. I-bulb ine-stem ephansi, eqinile kakhulu-phansi lapho izilinganiso ezinzima zikhula khona, futhi phakathi kwendibhu kukhona izingane ezinsana. Ummeleli u-anyanisi ojikelezayo.
I-Tuberous ukhula - izikhathi ezimila nezilimo eziyizigaxa, okuyizitho zomsakazo wazo we-vegetative. Ummeli yi-Chistele marsh.
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo - ukhula olungapheli olunezinhlayiya ezincane ezingenhla komhlaba (iziqu) - into ephakathi kwemifula nezimbali zangaphansi komhlaba ezenzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Ezingxenyeni zeziqu kukhona amaqabunga namaqabunga. Amahlumela okutshala amaqabunga asetshenziswa kusukela efihlekile, okwenza uhlelo lwawo lokuzimela oluzimele. Abamele izinhlanzi ezinwabuzelayo kukhona i-cinquefoil goose, i-buttercup ehamba ngezinyoni, i-bourr-shaped budr.
Uyazi? Olunye ukhula oluvame kakhulu yi-dandelion, kodwa lisetshenziselwa kakhulu imishanguzo yendabuko (ukuhlanza isibindi) nokupheka (okwenza isaladi, i-jams, iwayini, kanye nomsuka wayo yisisekelo sekhofi).
Izitshalo eziphazamisayo
Esikhathini sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukhula lwe-parasitic luye lwalahlekelwa ikhono lokufakela izithombe, futhi ukudla kwabo okunomsoco kwenzeka ngezindleko zesitshalo sempi ngezitho ezikhethekile-izishukela noma ama-hausters. Emigqumeni yezitshalo kukhona amaqabunga ahlisiwe (ngaphandle kwe-chlorophyll), evikela amahlumela okukhiqiza ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwawo. Ukhula lwamagciwane alusakazwa yizimbewu. Izitshalo ezithintekayo zihlukaniswe zibe yizimpande futhi ziqhamuka ngokuqondene nenombolo yokunamathisela ye-parasite esitshalweni sempi.
Umsuka
Izitshalo ezinamapulangwe ezinamaqabunga alula noma ama-branched neziqu, namaqabunga e-scaly ombala obomvu. Izimbali ziqoqwa ngendlebe elula. Ihlumela elisha elisha livela emzimbeni, alikhuphuki masinyane emhlabathini, kodwa lihlala kulo ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube yilapho lithola impande edingekayo yesinye isitshalo esivumelwaneni lapho singene khona bese sakha ukuqina kuyo - ukukhula. Ngokushesha izinhlayiya ze-parasite zisuka kulokhu kukhula, futhi iziqu zomuthi otshalwa kancane kancane ziyomile. Abameleli abakhulu bezimpande zomshoshaphansi bahlobisa umqubuko we-hemp ne-sunflower broomrape.
Isiqu
Lezi zitshalo zonyaka ezingapheli futhi ezingapheli ezingenazo izimpande zawo namacembe. Kuphela i-filamentous stem ekhula kusuka kumbewu. Phezu komhlabathi, uthola lokho okudingeka akondle isitshalo sesibamba futhi asinamathele kuso kuze kube sekupheleni kokuba khona. Zonke izitshalo ze-stem ezikhulayo zakha izimbali ezinhle, izithelo kanye nembewu. Abamele izitshalo ze-stem ze-parasitic - i-flax imbewu ye-fox, i-field dodder, i-clover dodder kanye nabanye.
Uyazi? Emvelweni, kunezinto eziyingozi kakhulu emadlelweni empilo yabantu. Njenge-ambrosia, hogweed, cychena, hemlock kanye nomhlonyane.
Ekuphetheni, ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwezitshalo zokhula kufakwe ngesimo setafula:
| Izitshalo zokhula | |||
| Akuyona ingcindezi | I-parasitic | ||
| Izingane | Isikhathi eside Amafafafaza omsuka Rhizomatous Rodroot Brushwood Ama-bulbous I-Tuberous Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo | Isiqu Umsuka | |
| Amanothi | Biennial | ||
| I-Ephemera Spring ekuseni Isiphephu sekwephuzile Ebusika Izitshalo zasebusika | Real Okuzikhethela | ||
