Ukukhiqiza ukukhiqiza

Kusho ukuthini ukuhlukahluka kwe-samozheplodny?

Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulimeni ukukhula kwenzalo, okuxhomeke ezintweni eziningi - isimo sezulu, izindawo kanye nezici zezitshalo, ikhono labo lokuvota impova nabanye. Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zezihlahla nezitshalo ezingathetha izithelo ngaphandle kokungenelela kwangaphandle, kanti abanye bakusize kuyadingeka. Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuchaza ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwemvelo kwenzeka kanjani emithini eveza izithelo, uhlaziye ukuthi lokhu kuyintlobo eveza izithelo ezithandekayo nokuzikhiqiza, nokuthi yini okufanele ukwenze ukuze insimu ithele isivuno esihle.

Izindlela zokuvota

Okokuqala, ukuqonda izimiso zokuvota imithi yezithelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini impova.

Ukutshala impova yinqubo lapho izitshalo zikhulelwa khona. Ngemibala, amangqamuzana wesilisa enesimo se-pollen, esesigodini, adluliselwa kuma-pistils noma ama-ovules, lapho kutholakala khona ama-germ cells. Khona-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, endaweni yabo i-ovary fomu nezithelo zikhula. Ukutshala impova kwenzeka ngezindlela ezehlukene - kungukuthi impova kanye nokuvota impova. Lezi zindlela zihluke ngokuthi lapho isitshalo siqala ukuvotela impova ngokuzimela, lapho impova ephuma emigqumeni ifinyelela emiphakathini yezimbali ngaphakathi kwesitshalo esisodwa.

Ukuze kutholakale impova, impova evela ezihlahleni eziseduze (i-pollinator) isetshenziswa.

Izinhlobo zokuvota impova:

  • I-entomophilia - izinambuzane zithwala impova.
  • Ubuningi - impova ngokusiza izilwane.
  • I-pollination yokufakelwa - umuntu uyenelela ohlelweni.
  • I-Anemophilia - impova ngemoya.
  • I-Hydrophilia - impova ithathwa ngamanzi.
Izimila ezizaliswa ngosizo lwezilwane nezinambuzane, ziyizimbali ezicacile nezikhulu. Futhi lezo ezivotelwa impova ngosizo lomoya zide kakhulu, izimbali zazo zingaphezu kwesiqu kanye namaqabunga (isibonelo, njengamabele) noma ziyaqhakaza kuze kuvele amaqabunga (i-poplar, i-birch). Futhi phakathi kwezitshalo kukhona samoplodnye nezinhlobo samobesplodnye. Sizoqonda ukuthi umehluko wabo.
Uyazi? Ummbila isitshalo se-monoecious. It has izimbali of zobulili ezahlukene. Izimbali zesilisa ziphezulu, futhi izimbali zabesifazane zikhona esihlahleni.

I-self-fertile

Izinhlobo zokuzikhukhumeza ngenkathi inqubo yokuvuna impova isebenzisa impova kuphela yezimbali zazo ngaphandle kwempova (isibonelo, izinyosi noma izihlahla ezihlobene nomakhelwane).

Inzuzo yilelo ngenxa yokwakhiwa okhethekile kwembali (i-anther igubha ngenhlamba) nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi impova kanye ne-ovary zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba izimbali zivuleke, isivuno singatholakala ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi.

Amasiko anjalo akhuliswa njengendlela eyodwa, futhi eqinile. Nokho, akuzona zonke izinto ezibushelelezi njengoba singathanda. Ngokuvamile izithelo zezihlahla ezizimelayo zincane. Ngakho-ke, abalimi balimi batusa ukutshala izimpova eduze kwazo.

I-self-fertile ngokwengxenye

Kukhona iphethini ekulimeni - izihlahla ezizimelayo, kuye ngesimo sezulu, zingashintsha izihlahla ezizimelayo futhi zinikeze isivuno esincane. Lokhu kuyindlela ephakathi phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-samobzoplodny ne-samoplodny.

Esihlahleni esizimelayo, ukukhulelwa kusuka empoveni wayo kwenzeka cishe ngo-50% wezimbali, futhi ngokuzimela ngokwakho, ku-20%. Ngakho-ke, abalimi bathi izithelo ezizimele ziyoba ngcono kakhulu uma kunezinye izihlahla zesitshalo esifanayo endaweni.

Ukuzikhukhumeza

Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini - ukuhlukahluka okungahlosi futhi kungakanani umehluko. Inombolo enkulu yezihlahla zezithelo ziyizona ezikhiqizayo. Ngokuvamile azitheli izithelo ngaphandle kosizo lwe-impova ezivela ezihlotsheni ezizungezile nezinyosi.

Kubalulekile! Igama elithi allogamy (i-cross-pollination) lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki lasendulo (allos) "eminye" futhi (gamos) "umshado".
Uma kungekho-pollinator ofanelekayo oseduze, kuzoba nezithelo ezimbalwa (kuphela okungu-4% kwezimbali ezizovuthwa). Ngakho-ke, ingadi enezinhlobo ezingabodwa ze-samobzoplodnymi ngeke zikhiqize.

Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemithi yokuvota ezihle kakhulu ezitshalwe eduze komunye nomunye, ngoba ezinye izihlahla azihambisani futhi azilethi umphumela oyifunayo.

Imithetho Yokukhetha I-pollator

Uma utshalwa iziqephu zomuntu siqu, izinhlobo zokukhiqiza ezizikhiqizayo noma ezithandekayo, ukuze isivuno sihlale sithokozisa, kubalulekile ukukhetha kahle impova.

Uyazi? Amasiko amaningi emithi yezithelo ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo athola ikhono lokuzivikela ekuzilandeleni ngokwawo (impova ayikhuli embikweni we-pistil). Lokhu kwenzeka ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zilwane ekuqothulweni. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho ukuzitholela impova kubonakala sengathi kuvela inzalo eningi. Futhi ukuze kusinde lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha njalo nezimo zezulu, kunezilwane ezihlukahlukene ezidingekayo. Yingakho emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-samobzlodnyh kunokuzihlaziya.
Kunemithetho eminingana yokukhetha izinhlobo zokuvota impova:

  • I-cherry, i-sweet cherry noma i-plum iyoba nempova kahle uma i-pollinator ingekho ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-40. Kubalulekile ukuthi nezinye izinhlobo zemithi (i-apula, i-pear, i-apricot) azikhule phakathi kwazo. Izinyosi ziyobe zithwala impova ezivela emithonjeni yemvelo, futhi kulokhu ngeke kube khona ukukhulelwa.
  • Kungcono ukutshala izihlahla zesitshalo esifanayo ngamaqembu. Futhi ibanga phakathi kwabo akufanele lidlule u-4 m.
  • Kubalulekile ukucabangela lapho ukhetha isikhathi sokuphuza impova kanye nesikhathi sokubilisa izimbali. Phakathi kwezihlahla ezineenkathi zokuqala zezimbali, isihlahla esinenkathi ejwayelekile kufanele sikhule, futhi isihlahla esiphakathi kwezimbali kufanele sitshalwe eduze kwezitshalo zezimbali. Khona-ke ukuvota impova kuzokwenziwa, okumele kuqinisekiswe i-ovary emihle.
  • Cherry "Vladimirskaya" kahle pollinates cherry "Crimson", futhi for sekwephuzile izimbali "Robin" kufanelekile "Shubinka".
  • Cishe zonke i-cherries zizithela. Ngakho-ke, okungenani izihlahla ezimbili ezinezimbali ezihlukahlukene kufanele zikhule kusayithi.
  • Uma kunokwenzeka ukutshala umuthi owodwa kuphela, khona-ke kuyobe kululeka ukutshala ngamagatsha ambalwa ezinhlobonhlobo. Khona-ke impova ephuma kubo iyokwephuza izimbali zomuthi wonke. Ungase futhi uhlanganise nje amagatsha ezimbali kuya umqhele.
  • Akunconywa ukutshala eduze kwama cherry nama cherry. Lawa amasiko ahlukene, enikeza isivuno esingelutho uma kwenzeka ukuvota impova.
  • Izinhlobonhlobo ze-"Home" azizona ezifanelekile zokuvolontiya "Chinese" noma "isiRussia". Kodwa phakathi kwabo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezimbili zihlangene ngokuphelele. Okungahambisani nama-plums ngezimbali zakuqala neziphuzile.
  • Okukhulu kakhulu kwezihlahla ezihlukahlukene engadini, kakhulu isivuno.
  • Umkhiqizo wazo zonke izitshalo ezithela izithelo ukwandisa kakhulu eduze kwezinyosi.

Izinhlobo ezizimele

Izitshalo ezizimelayo zingaba impova ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwe-pollinator. Ngokuvamile, kuye ngokuthi indawo ekhulayo nezimo zezulu, izihlahla ezinjalo zingase zibe yingxenye yokuzimela.

Hlola izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-plums ezithuthumayo.
Kanti futhi ekusebenzeni, kwaba khona ukuthi isivuno sanda kakhulu uma ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanayo zikhula eceleni. Yiziphi izihlahla zezithelo ezizimele, sizoxoxa ngezansi.

I-Cherry

Amajikijolo ama Cherry angadliwa aluhlaza, apheke kuwo amalungiselelo ebusika, ama-dessert nezinye izitsha. Iningi le-cherry liyi-self-infesting. Ngakho-ke, ngoba izindawo ezinezimo ezimbi zokukhula kwalesi siko kubaluleke kakhulu izinhlobo ze-cherries ze-cherries.

Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezinjalo:

  • "Lubskaya";
  • "I-Memory Enikeeva";
  • "Volochaevka";
  • "Bulatnikovskaya";
  • "Chocolate";
  • "I-Assol";
  • "Apukhtinskaya";
  • "Lot";
  • "Brunette";
  • "I-Ukrainian Griot";
  • "I-Dessert Volga";
  • "Tambovchanka";
  • "Shakirovskaya";
  • "Ovulekile", njll.
Uyazi? I-Persia ibhekwa njengenhlabathi yama-cherries, futhi ikhona naseCaucasus nasogwini lolwandle olumnyama.

I-Chereshyon

I-Cherries ethandwayo yahamba kude ne-cherry. Lezi amajikijolo anomnandi futhi zifanele izitsha eziningi.

Okudumile phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezizimelayo zama cherry yizi:

  • "Umkhaya ophuzi";
  • I-Bereket;
  • "Goryanka";
  • "ITyutchevka";
  • "Dunn";
  • "Dolores";
  • "Pridonskaya";
  • "Abantu baseSyubarova";
  • "Slav" nabanye.
Uzoba nesithakazelo sokwazi ngezinhlobo ezinjalo zama cherry njenge "Leningradskaya Chernaya", "Krupnoplodnaya", "Valery Chkalov", "Regina", "Bull's Heart", "Revna", "Bryansk Pink".

Hlanganisa

Izithelo ezinomsoco, ezinomsoco, ezimnandi. Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu uyazi futhi uyathanda ama-plums, njengoba lesi siko sivame kakhulu ensimini yethu. Uma siqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izikhathi ezinjalo.

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingenazo izithelo eziningi zikhulu kakhulu, isivuno sabo sinomusa, futhi izithelo zivame kakhulu. I-self-fertile ifanelekile ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezimbi, ziqinile kakhulu futhi azidingi impova.

Zikhona lezi zinhlobo zama-plums azimele:

  • "IsiHungary eMoscow";
  • "Hlala";
  • "Ikhaya laseHungary";
  • "Isijwayelekile esiHungary";
  • "Inkumbulo Timiryazev";
  • "Olubomvu Bokuqala";
  • "Ubomvu bubomvu";
  • "I-Oryol iphupho";
  • "Ibhola elibomvu";
  • "Yellow samoplodnaya", njll.
Uyazi? Ngeke neze uhlangane iplamu yasendle emvelweni. Kubonakala ngenxa yokuwela kwe-cherry plum bese uvula. Kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 000 edlule. Vula futhi i-cherry plum ikhule kahle endle, futhi ayikho.

Isihlahla se-Apple

Umuthi we-apula uthathwa njengendlovukazi yezivande. Izithelo zinekhanda elingavamile futhi elimnandi, zilondolozwe isikhathi eside futhi ziyasiza kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezizimele kakhulu ezizimele eziphakathi kwezihlahla ze-apula:

  • "Molis delishes";
  • "Welsey";
  • "Melba";
  • "Inkumbulo kaTikhomirov" nabanye.
Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-samoplodnye noma ze-samobesplodnymi.

Ukuzibophezela ngokwengxenye ngokwengxenye:

  • "Bessemyanka Michurinskaya";
  • "Belarusian synapse";
  • "Rennet Chernenko";
  • "I-Saffron Pepin";
  • "I-Pepinka Lithuanian";
  • "July Chernenko", njll.
Hlola izinhlobo ezinjalo zezihlahla ze-apula njengo- "Bogatyr", "Lobo", "Semerenko", "Orlik", "i-Medunitsa", "i-Spartan", "i-Northern Synapse".

I-Cherry plum

I-plums iyinhle futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ukupheka nama-sauces. Kodwa-ke, ababelethi bazama ukuletha izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo ezintsha ngokunambitheka kakhulu nokumelana nokubandayo.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ze-cherry plum enezitshalo ezizikhulayo nezenxenye

  • "Kuban comet";
  • "Comet Purple";
  • "I-Cleopatra e-Purple";
  • "Umhambi obomvu obomvu";
  • I-Vetraz;
  • "Comet Early";
  • "Comet Late";
  • "Itholwe";
  • "Pramen" nabanye.

Abrikosov

Izithelo ze-Apricot zinamathrekhi ahlukahlukene, ukunambitheka, umbala nosayizi. Uhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo zalesi siko lukhulu, kodwa lulawulwa yizinhlobo zokuzimela. Lesi siko asinayo izinhlobo eziningi ezingathela izithelo ngaphandle kosizo lwe-pollinator futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi.

Lezi zinhlobo zifaka:

  • "Melitopol Ekuqaleni";
  • "I-Polesia inkulu-fruited" (ngokuzikhethela ngokweqile);
  • "Inanatha";
  • "I-Red-cheeked" nabanye.
Uyazi? Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingu-20 zama-apricot. I-apricot ebomvu (i-hybrid ye-apricot ne-cherry plum) ibhekwa njengesihluku.

Iphakathi

Izihlahla zamapheya zithandwa kakhulu emasimini ethu. Ubani ongathandi lezi zithelo ezimnandi nezomnandi! Zidliwa fresh, ezisetshenziselwa i-dessert kanye nezitsha ezihlukahlukene.

Izinhlobonhlobo eziziwayo ze-self-pears yizo:

  • "Lada";
  • "UBryansk Beauty";
  • "Inkumbulo Yakovlev";
  • "Chizhovskaya";
  • "Isikhathi saseBelarusian sekwephuzile";
  • "Ovulekile", njll.

Amakhiwane

Ngokuqinisekile abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi amakhiwane akhona. Ubizwa nangokuthi umkhiwane, umkhiwane, iwayini noma umberry waseSmirn, umkhiwane. Lesi sithelo sisetshenziselwa ukulungisa amaswidi amnandi kanye nama-dessert, yengezwa kumaqebelengwane, i-ayisikhilimu, iziphuzo kanye nezitsha ezihlukahlukene.

Phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwalesi siko ungathola okuncane okuzenzekelayo, kungukuthi:

  • "Grey zakudala";
  • "I-Cadot";
  • "Black black";
  • "Lardaro";
  • Nikitsky;
  • "Abkhazian purple";
  • "Pomorie";
  • "I-Adriatic Violet";
  • "Shuya";
  • I-Brunswick;
  • "Dalmatian", njll.

I-Peach

Lesi siko sithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sihlahla sinezinhlobo ze-thermophilic hhayi eziningi kakhulu zokuvuna impova.

Okuthandwa kakhulu yizo:

  • "Melitopol";
  • "I-White Lebedeva";
  • "Izintandokazi";
  • I-Golden Moscow;
  • Virgil et al.
Indlela efanele yokukhetha izihlahla zezithelo izitshalo zizoholela ekuvuneni okuhle. Uma uhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo futhi uhlume ngokuvumelana nemithetho, ingadi izothela izithelo futhi zilethela umnikazi wayo injabulo kuphela.