Abantu asetshenziselwa ukuzalisa izinkukhu cishe bayoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ngezici zohlobo olunjalo lwezinkukhu njengoMaran, ngoba uma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zabo eziningi, banezinzuzo ezithile, ezichazwe kuzo zombili izici zokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nezinyama. Ake siqonde izinkinga zezincazelo zabo futhi banakekele izimo ezidingekayo zokuboshwa, okuzoqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo omkhulu.
Incazelo kanye nezici zohlobo
Uhlobo ngalunye lwezilwane nezinyoni lunezici zalo siqu, ukuze umbelethi akhethele inhlobo efanelekayo yezilwane ezifuywayo. Izinkukhu zaseMaran aziyona into ehlukile kulolu daba, ngoba kwakungenxa yokubukeka kwabo okuhle nokukhiqiza okuhle okwakuthandwa abalimi abaningi.
Umsuka
AmaMarana azalwa ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi baseFrance abasebenza ngo-1895 edolobheni laseMaran. Uma sicabanga ukuthi lesi yisifunda sezulu esinzima kakhulu, le nyoni isivele iphikisana kahle nezici ezihlukahlukene ezimbi kusukela "ukuzalwa".
Lolu hlobo lwaluhlonishwa ngomklomelo wegolide embukisweni wezinyoni ngo-1914 (owawuhlala edolobheni laseLa Rochelle), okwathi ngemva kwalokho wathengiswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, e-Ukraine nakwaseRussia akekho owaziyo ngalezi zinkukhu ezinhle isikhathi eside, nakuba kufanele ngithi maduzane baye bathola kakhulu emapulazini asekhaya.
Uyazi? Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinkukhu zokuqala, kamuva ezaba izinkukhu, zazihlala e-Ethiopia eminyakeni engaba ngu-3 000 edlule.
Idatha yangaphandle
Lapho echaza izinkukhu zezinkukhu, okokuqala, kufanele kuqaphele ukubonakala kwayo nokukhiqiza, ngoba lezi zindlela zidlala indima ebalulekile kwinqubo yokukhetha. 
Ngokuqondene nencazelo kaMaran, okulandelayo kusebenza kubo. izici zokubukeka:
- lezi ziphakathi noma zikhudlwana kunezinkukhu ezijwayelekile, ama-roosters afinyelela ku-4 kg, nesisindo sezinkukhu singama-3 kg;
- bonke abameleli besizwe banamehlo amahle anombala olomvu, umsila omfushane (ulenga ekhoneni lika-45 °), nezinpaphe ezifakwe eduze;
- ukuma komzimba kuncike, futhi ikhanda lincane;
- ama-roost ahlukaniswe nezinkukhu zawo ngokunyuka kwawo (ikakhulukazi, endaweni yentamo) nangokuba khona kwamacici amakwe kahle;
- Imilenze yenyoni yayizilinganiso eziphakathi, enezinwe ezine ezihlukaniswe kahle ezibonakalayo (umbala wabo uhluka kusuka kumhlophe kuya kumnyama omnyama, kuye ngokuthi umbala wezinpaphe);
- amahlombe ezinkukhu aphezulu futhi avulekile, futhi intamo ende isembozwe kakhulu ngezimpaphe, okuyinto, ngenxa yobude bayo, yakha "ikhola" ekhangayo;
- ube nomlomo ophuzi, ovalwe kancane, obonakala unamandla futhi unamandla kakhulu.
Funda futhi nge-gray gray, i-amrox, i-brahma, i-leggorn, i-Kuchinskaya jubilee, i-Poltava, i-salmon yase-Zagorskaya, i-redbro, i-rhode isiqhingi, i-Adler amatshe esiliva.
I-subspecies emifushane yalesi sizwe nayo ihlukile, ehluke ezinyoni ezijwayelekile kuphela ngobukhulu: kulokhu, ubuningi babamele abedluli i-kilogram eyodwa (yezinkukhu) no-900 g ngezinkukhu.
Ngokuqondene nezinye izimfanelo, ngokushesha ngifuna ukuphawula okuphawulekayo kohlobo lwamaMaran, ngoba abameleli abanokulinganisela futhi abanokuthula bezinkukhu, nakuba bangasebenza kakhulu.
Ukukhiqiza
Mhlawumbe, lohlobo oluchazwe lungase lubhekiswe ngokuphepha emzimbeni naseqenjini leqanda, ngoba zivunyelwe ukwamukela kokubili. Omunye ungqimba uyakwazi ukuthwala cishe Amaqanda angu-150 ngonyaka, futhi cishe bonke banombala we-chocolate futhi banegobolondo elinamandla (kwakungumbala owenza lezi zinkukhu zibizwa ngokuthi "inyoni ephethe amaqanda amnyama"). Iqanda elilodwa lilinganisa ngokulinganisa kusuka ku-65 kuya ku-75 g futhi linomdla ophezulu.
Uyazi? Uma ukholwa abalimi, ubumnyama igobolondo leqanda, i-tastier futhi ingcono.
Iqiniso liyatshelwa, ukusebenzisa i-maran kuphela inyama kuphela, ngoba inani lazo eliyinhloko namanje ngamaqanda amakhulu. Okokuqala, izinkukhu ziqala ukuzalwa ezinyangeni ezinhlanu ezinhlanu, kepha ngalesi sikhathi ubukhulu bamaqanda abudluli ku-55-60 g futhi kungenzeka ukuthi awunayo umbala wesici. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane, konke kujwayelekile. 
Izinketho zombala
Izici zohlobo luyakuvumela ukuthi umane ubabaze le nyoni, ngoba ngaphezu komzimba owakhiwe kahle, bonke abamele bangase baziqhayise ngobubanzi bombala wezintambo. Phakathi kwe-maranov, abantu abanezimpaphe ezimnyama-zethusi, zesiliva nemhlophe bahlukile, nakuba kuyindlela yokuqala yokubonga. 
Izimpaphe zommeli omnyama nomlenze wohlobo (okwenzeka njalo kaningi) zigcwele abamnyama phezulu, zikhanyisa "umcengezi wegolide" entanyeni, futhi ezindaweni ezinamabala egolide ezikhanyayo esifubeni nasezinsikeni ezibomvu ngemuva nazo ziyizinto ezihlukile. 
Amanye ama-maranov abizwe "i-cuckoos yegolide". Umbala wabo ufana ne-cuckoo, ngezimpaphe ezimnyama nezigolide ezishintshayo. Le nguqulo yokubala ayijwayelekile futhi ihlonishwa ngokukhethekile ngabalimi. 
Kanti futhi okuthandwa yilokho okuthiwa i-wheat maran. Kulokhu, ama-roosters Izimpaphe zegolide ezikhanyayo ziphuma esifubeni nasentanyeni, futhi izinkukhu ebonakala nge-soft plumage elithambile, nakuba kwezinye izimo umbala ungaguqulwa ngegolide, ngezinye izikhathi unesicu esibomvu. 
Abamele abamhlophe abalungile bezinhlobo abathandwayo kakhulu, ngoba akukho patheni ethakazelisayo emakhaleni abo, yize noma ubheka, lokhu akuthinti ukusebenza.
Okukhethwa kukho okuthakazelisayo kuyinto "Umbala waseColombia": Ngaphandle kwempaphe emhlophe emzimbeni, kukhona "umgexo" omnyama entanyeni.
Uyazi? Ukwakhiwa kwamaqanda emzimbeni wenkukhu kuthatha cishe usuku, futhi ukubonakala kwakhe akusho ukuthi iqhude.
Ungenzi kanjani iphutha uma uthenga
Uma uthenga umanini, ungaqiniseka ukuthi uyathenga inyoni ngokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ihambisana nokubukeka okukhangayo, kodwa into esemqoka ukukhetha izinkukhu ezifanele futhi ugweme ukukhohlisa.
Ngeshwa, abalimi abaningi bezinkukhu, ngokungazi noma ngokukhethekile, bavame ukunikezwa njengabameleli bezinkukhu ezingezona, futhi lapho bekhulile ngokuqinisekile ngeke babe nezici ezihambisana nezidingo zabo. Umthetho oyinhloko wokuthenga ulandela lokhu: hamba ngenyoni kuphela kubalimi abaqinisekisiwe noma emapulazini lapho ukudumazeka akulindele khona. 
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela idatha yangaphandle ye-maranov, ngoba kunezimo lapho ngisho nomuntu omdala onombala wethusi akuzona njalo ummeleli weqiniso, kodwa kungaba kuphela umphumela wokuwela nezinye izinhlobo ze-hybrid.
Uma uthengisa amaqanda kuphela ukuze uqhubeke nokuzihlanganisa, bese ukhetha amasampula ombala ogqamile obomvu, ngenxa yawo ngokuvamile avela abamele "abakhanyayo" bohlobo.
Sikululeka ukuthi ufunde mayelana nezinhlobo zezinkukhu: Minorca, Black Bearded, Sussex, Orpington, Russian White, Andalusian, Dominant, Kochinquin, Fireball, Viandot, Broken Brown.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Nakuba ama-maran ahlukile uhlamvu oluzolile futhi isimo sengqondo esinokuthula ngokuqondene nabanye abameleli bekhampani, basuke bekhuthele kakhulu, yingakho kufanele bagcinwe hhayi emgodini ovaliwe kuphela, kodwa futhi bakhiqizwa njalo emadlelweni noma ekuhambeni okuzinzile, kodwa nangobuningi bomhlabathi.
Inketho ekahle yokugcina izinkukhu zalolu hlobo izoba yi-aviary evulekile futhi yamahhala. Ngokuhlala isikhathi eside emoyeni omusha, ukukhiqiza kwabo kwanda, futhi baqala ukuphuthuma kangcono.
Kubalulekile! Indawo ekhethiwe ukuba i-cage evulekile ayifanele ibe nemvula, njengoba izinqama ezingavumelani nezifo ezijwayelekile "zezinkukhu" azibekezeli umswakama ophezulu.
Uma igumbi litholakala endaweni evulekile futhi imisebe yelanga ayifuni ukungena ngaphakathi - unakekele kusengaphambili. imodi enhle yokukhanya (ungasebenzisa izibani ezivamile ze-LED), okumane kudingekile ukukhula okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kwezinyoni. 
Ebusika, inkukhu yezinkukhu kufanele ibuke okungenani amahora angu-10-11, bese ukusebenza kwentaka kuyoba phezulu. Kungcono ukuba nesitezi enqolobaneni: okungenani kuyoba nenkinga ngaphezulu, kepha inyoni izobe ikhululekile kakhulu.
Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ama-hens angu-4-5 kufanele awele kumamitha angu-1 endlini.
Izinkukhu ezingavamile zingahlala endaweni yakho: ukulwa noma ukuhlobisa.
Ukudla ukudla
Ukudla okunempilo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa, Yebo, uma ufuna ukuthola inyoni enempilo ngezinga elihle lokukhula kanye namazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza amaqanda. Ekudleni kwabamele abakwaMaran kumele babe khona okusanhlamvu (mhlawumbe ukolweni) kanye nemifino eqoshiwe, ngokufaka ama-vitamin akhethekile.
Uma kungenjalo, lolu hlobo aludingi kakhulu ukudla futhi abamele balo bangadliwa ngokudla okufanayo nezinye izinhlobo. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa isikhathi sokudla igobolondo ukudla ne-calcium ekudleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungakwazi ukushaya abadlali bakho ngezinhlanzi abilisiwe noma inyama kanye nethambo lesifuba. 
Ochwepheshe emkhakheni wezinyoni ezizalisayo sekuyisikhathi eside balinganisa izinga lokudla kwezinkukhu zansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, nsuku zonke izinkukhu zidinga ukudla okudla okungabanika amandla 300-320 kcal, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-protein engcolile ekudleni kufanele ibe okungenani ama-20 g. Ngonyaka, inkukhu eyodwa ingadla ukondla okungama-40 kg kanye nemifino eyi-15-20 kg, ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kwayo.
Funda ukuthi ungafaka kanjani abanikazi bokuphuza kanye nabaphuza izinkukhu.
Kubalulekile ukwazi nokuthi uhlobo luni lokusanhlamvu kufanele lunikezwe izinkukhu. Njengoba sesishilo kakade, izinqama zikhetha ukolweni, nakuba zinganikwa kanye nommbila, okuwumthombo wama-carbohydrate, kodwa futhi unamafutha angu-6% (ukuze ukwandise izinzuzo zokudla kungcono ukugaya).
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukolweni kwenza kube lula ukuhlinzekela izinyoni ngamavithamini E no-B, futhi nge-oats bathola iningi le-fibre, elibangela ukukhula kwamapulangwe. Kuhle futhi uma u-1/3 wokusanhlamvu uzofakwa ekudleni ngendlela ehlwanyelwe.
Kubalulekile! Inkukhu eyodwa ngosuku kufanele ibe okungenani 250 ml amanzi.
Uma ungumfuyi wezinkukhu eziqala, futhi kusalula ukuhamba kuzo zonke izindleko zokudla ezihlukahlukene nsuku zonke, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuphakela i-maranov nge-feed eyenziwe ngomumo, lapho yonke imingcele yansuku zonke yokubeka izinkukhu ilinganiswa ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngakho-ke, kule nguqulo evamile yalokhu kukwakhiwa kunezingu-45% zommbila, u-12% wekolweni, u-7% webhali nesidlo se-sunflower, kanye notshani, inhlanzi nenyama kanye nethambo lesifuba esilinganiselwa ku-4-5%. Kuhlanganiswe kokudla negobolondo, i-limestone (cishe ngo-7%) kanye nosawoti (0.3%). 
Ngokuqondene negobolondo nokushayela, inyoni yakho kufanele ikwazi ukufinyelela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma kungenjalo, akufanelekile ukulinda amazinga okukhiqiza amaqanda aphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukubonakala kwezinkukhu kungase kuhlasele: ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-calcium emzimbeni, izimpaphe zivame ukuqala futhi ngokuvamile umbala ogqamile uphela.
Uma kungabikho ukudla okulungiselelwe, umsebenzi wakho ufanele ukudweba ukudla ukuze izingxenye zalo eziyisithupha zenziwe okusanhlamvu, izingxenye ezintathu eziphekwe imifino ebilisiwe, kanye nengxenye eyodwa izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene lapho i-silage, i-oilcake ye-sunflower, imikhiqizo yobisi (ngendlela efakwe), inambuzane, njll inhle kakhulu. Ubuningi kufanele buvezwe, futhi izingxenye ezisele zingamane zixubane ngamanzi.
Kubalulekile! Unganiki izinkukhu isinkwa esisha. Kungcono ukhiphe abaqhekezi emanzini bese uxuba okusanhlamvu okuhlumekile. Ngokufanayo, ungaxuba amazambane abilisiwe ngethambo lesithambo.
Ukunakekela nokuhlanzeka
Ngaphandle kokondla, le nyoni kumele inikwe ukunakekelwa okufanele. Ihlinzekela ukuhlanza ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokungahlanjululwa kwendawo, ukucubungula imfuyo ezivela ezinambuzweni nasezintweni, ukuqhuma umoya okuvamile wenkukhu yenkukhu nokuhlonipha umbuso wokukhanya kulo: ebusika - okungenani amahora amabili, kanti ehlobo - isikhathi eside.
Futhi uhlele izilwane zakho ezifuywayo "pool pool" lapho bangahlanza izimpaphe zabo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuhlanza udoti (okungekho abantu abangaphezu kwezingu-10 ku-5 m²) kufanele kwenziwe kanye nezinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa ngezinkukhu eziningi le nqubo yenziwa kaningi.
Buka futhi ukuthi ukushisa endlini akuwa ngaphansi +15 ºะก.
Ukukhulisa isikhwama ekhaya
Inqubo yokugxilisa amaqanda iqala ngokukhethwa kwezibonelo ezifanele kakhulu kulokhu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi bonke babe nobukhulu obufanayo futhi babe nesisindo hhayi ngaphansi kuka-65 g. 
Ukuze ulondoloze izimfanelo zefa, kungcono ukukhetha izinto ezimbi kakhulu, futhi kungcono ukuthola ukuthi ziphi uhlobo lwezinkukhu ezivela kuzo: uma kunokwenzeka kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bobabili abazali banezimfanelo ezidingekayo zangaphandle ezihambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zohlobo.
Lapho kuzaliswa izinkukhu zaseMaran, inkinga enkulu yokufakelwa ukushiswa komzimba igobolondo elincane kakhulu futhi igobolondo elimnyama emaqanda, ngenxa yokuthi izinkukhu ezibuthakathaka azikwazi ukubhekana nazo ukuze ziphume.
Enkambeni yokufaka amaqanda, i-ovoscopy iyinyathelo eliphoqelekile. Thola ukuthi kuyini, kungani uyidinga nokuthi yimiphi imishini oyidingayo.
Yilezi zimo ezivame ukuholela ekufeni kwezinkukhu, futhi ukugwema imiphumela enjalo engalungile engxenyeni yesibili yokutshala, amaqanda kumele anikezwe umoya omuhle (lesi senzo sizosiza ukuvimbela izinkukhu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oxygen). Ukuvimbela umbungu kusuka ekusomeni kuya kugobolondo kuzosiza ukuguqula amaqanda njalo.
Ezinsukwini zokugcina zesikhathi sokutshala, kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela umswakama womoya. Leli nani kufanele libe sezingeni lika-75%, ngoba lokhu kuyasiza ukupakisha izakhiwo zamabhodlela ngebhodi leprayipi kanye ngosuku. Ukuze ugweme ukushisa ama-chicks esikhathini esizayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuvimbela ukuthi kwenzeke iziphambeko ezinjenge-curvature yeminwe, abalimi abanolwazi batusa kancane kancane ukunciphisa izinga lokushisakusukela ngosuku lweshumi nantathu lwenkokhelo. Ukunciphisa kufanele kwenziwe nsukuzonke ku-0.2 ° ukuze ngesikhathi sokuvela kwentsha, kube sezingeni lika-36.8-36.9 °.
Amaqanda aseMaran, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezivezwa ukukhiqizwa kwawo okukhulu, kufanele zibekwe eceleni kwazo, ngakho zilele phansi mahhala.
Uma nje isiqalekiso sibonakala, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kule ndawo akukho into eqinile ekhubaza inqubo yokubukeka kwenkukhu (iqanda lingakwazi ukubeka isiqalekiso phansi noma ukuphumula kumakhelwane). Ungazama ukusiza izingane kulo msebenzi onzima, ukuphula igobolondo embuthanweni. 
Uma yonke imithethonqubo yokugubha ekhaya ikhonjisiwe (kungcono uma isetshenziswa esikhethekile sisetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso), izinkukhu zaseMaran zizobona umhlaba ezinsukwini ezingu-21 ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda.
Uma ufuna ukugwema izinkinga ezikhona ezihambisana nesidingo sokulawula inqubo, ungakwazi njalo ukuthembela umsebenzi onomthwalo wemfanelo kunenkokhelo enokwethenjelwa engakwazi ukunakekela inzalo ngokwayo.
Ngokuvamile, ukuzala i-maranov akukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi kunzima kakhulu, ngoba ngokwemithetho imithetho yokulondolozwa nokunakekelwa kwabo ayifani kakhulu nezenzo ezifanayo lapho kuzaliswa ezinye izinhlobo. Ngakho-ke, uma kubalulekile ukuba uhlale uthola amaqanda amakhulu futhi anambitha, futhi uma uphuma ngaphandle ukubona inyoni enhle ungakhetha kwakho.
