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Izincomo zokukhukhamba ukhukhamba endlini, indlu noma phansi: yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhetha, uma kungcono ukutshala, indlela yokunakekela kahle

Izitshalo zokukhiqiza ukhukhamba endlini yonke isikhathi eside zivivinywa, azilona nzima futhi zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo yizinkulungwane zabalandeli.

Ukhukhamba utshalwa efasiteleni, ebhaleni, loggia ngisho nasendlini engaphansi.

Ukukhukhamba ukhukhamba endlini: imbewu, izinhlobo, indawo, amandla

Sichaza ngokuningiliziwe zonke izigaba ukuthi singakhula kanjani ukhukhamba ekhaya ebusika?

Hlela imbewu

Ukuze ukhukhuke ukhukhamba ebusika ekhaya, imbewu kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezinzima. Ikhukhamba lasekhaya kufanele ibe:

  • Kufakwe okwesikhashana, ngobude bamaqabunga aluhlaza kusuka ku-6 cm kuya ku-25 cm.
  • Ukubekezela emthunziniungesabi izinguquko ekushiseni.
  • Ekuqaleni noma phakathi nonyaka, ngesikhatsi sokuhluma kwezinyanga ezingu-4 kuya kwezingu-6.
  • Ukukhiqiza.

Okuthandayo kunikezwa ama-parthenocarpic F1 hybrids. Lezi zitshalo zokuzivotela zinezimbali zesifazane kuphela. Ukuze kukhule ukhukhamba ekhaya ethandwa kakhulu zakuqala ne-ultra zakuqala:

  • Ephreli;
  • Izinzuzo;
  • I-Zozulya;
  • I-Carmen;
  • I-Goosebump;
  • Hamba;
  • Regina;
  • I-Schedryk;
  • Crunch

Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zamakhukhamba ezindlu ezikhulayo zithandwa:

  • I-Athlete;
  • Indlu ephelele;
  • Balagan;
  • I-Bianca;
  • Berendey;
  • Idolobha;
  • EMpumalanga Ekude;
  • Claudia;
  • Isibindi;
  • I-Marinade;
  • Masha;
  • I-Manul;
  • Uthando;
  • Kusha.
KUBALULEKILE! Ama-hybrids amakhukhamba okuvuthwa ekupheleni kwesikhathi awafanelekile ukutshalwa ekhaya.

I-bee impova ikhukhamba nzalo, ukutshalwa kwendawo yangaphakathi nokushisa, kudinga impova yokubilisa.

Inqubo idinga amakhono athile nesikhathi esengeziwe.

Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, abalimi bakhulile ekhaya bee impova ikhukhamba nzalo:

  • Gribovsky 2;
  • I-Dawn;
  • I-Manul;
  • Ukumangalisa;
  • Ipulazi elincane;
  • Dlulisa amehlo.

Khulisa futhi i-bee impova ikhukhamba izinhlobo:

  • Igumbi likaRytov;
  • UMarfinsky.
Ithiphu! Ukuvuthwa kwama-ukhukhamba wezinkampani kwenziwa ekuseni.. Nge-swab yekotini, ibhulashi elithambile lidlulisela impova kusuka emthonjeni oyinyumba kuya ezimbali nge-ovary (owesifazane). Ungathinta i-pestle yensikazi ngembali yesilisa enezicucu eziphukile.

Izimbali zomuntu oyedwa zikhula ngokwehlukana. Amaqembu afomu amafomu e-axils amaqabunga.

Amakhukhamba okuvotela ukuqhuma aqhubeka nesikhathi sonke sezimbali, kuze kuvele ama-ovari wokuqala. Ukwandisa isivuno samakhukhamba abashayeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa ukutshala izimbali zesifazane ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zempova.

Ukukhetha indawo

Ukukhukhamba ukhukhamba efulethini kungcono emabhaleni okukhanya okufudumele, i-loggias, i-verandas, amafasitela aqondiswe eningizimu, empumalanga, entshonalanga.

Uhlangothi olungasenyakatho alufanelekile ukukhula. Izinto zangaphakathi akufanele zibe yiziqephu.

Yini okufanele ikhule?

Kunezinketho eziningi: izibhebhe ezilenga, amabhakede, iziqukathi, amabhokisi, izimbiza zezimbali, amashubhu. Into esemqoka ukuthi umthamo we-tank wawungekho ngaphansi kwama-5 amalitha.. Ukugeleza kubhalwe phansi - amatshe amancane, izingcezu zobumba obanzi, i-sawdust enkulu. Yenza izimbobo ukususa amanzi angaphezulu.

Ithiphu! Ukulondoloza amabhodlela amakhulu epulasitiki, sebenzisa izikhwama ezimbili zeplastiki zedaka.

Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba endlini: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo

Izinsuku zokufika

Isikhathi kuxhomeke ezihlukahlukene ezikhethiwe zekhukhambaizimo ezikhulayo. Cabangela indawo ekamelweni, ikhono lokunikeza izinga lokushisa elikhulu nokukhanya, umswakama womoya, indawo yezulu.

Emakhakheni aseNtshonalanga kaNcibijane asetshalwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Kusukela kuJanuwari plantings iqala ukuvuna ngoMashi. Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuqala kwe-fruiting kusukela ekubukeni kwamahlumela okuqala yizinsuku ezingu-40-50. Izintambo zikaFebruwari zivuthwa ngamaholidi kaMeyi.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Esitolo uthenga inhlabathi yonke noma ingxube yokukhula kwezitshalo.

Ngokuzimela ngokulungiselelwa ngokusho zokupheka okubonisiwe:

  1. Amasheya afanayo we-peat, humus. Ingilazi yamapulangwe ngomquba webhakede.
  2. I-1/3 ingxenye ye-turf, umhlaba wegadi, umquba nge-addition of a small amount of river calcined sand, umlotha, sawdust obolile.

Umhlaba uphethwe nge-disinfected ngenye yezindlela:

  • I-Steamed.
  • Sula ishisa (+ 90 ° C) isisombululo se-pink manganic acid potassium.
  • Ukufudumala kuhhavini.
  • Inqubo amalungiselelo akhethekile ezimboni.
  • Nitrofosku noma ulethe umanyolo ogcwele okuyinkimbinkimbi. Zithululwa ezingxenyeni, zichithekile kakhulu, zishiywe usuku lokucubungula.

Ukuhlwanyela

  1. Ikhukhamba Imbewu pickle 20-30 imizuzu isisombululo buthakathaka potassium permanganate. Ukugeza. Omile. Shiya izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ukuvuvukala kumasila ngamanzi afudumele, ugoqwe nge-gauze emanzi, usakaze ngamapayipi amathoni. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala.
  2. Imbewu yekhukhamba ehlutshiwe etshalwe ekujuleni okungaba ngu-centimeter. Sitshala imbewu engu-1-2 ngevolumu yelitha elilodwa ebangeni lika 2-3 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Wanisela.
  3. Veza endaweni ekhanyayo. Londoloza ukushisa kwama-22-25 ° C emini, + 16-18 ° C ebusuku.
  4. Ukugcina umswakama okudingekayo elimbozwe nge-foil, ingilazi.
  5. Lapho kuvela amahlumela of ukhukhamba indawo yokuhlala isuswe. Susa ihlumela elibuthakathaka. Qala ukukhanyisa izibani.
Ithiphu! Ukuze kuqedwe ingozi yokuphuza ngokweqile isimiso sezinkamba, i-plastic foam, i-drywall kanye ne-plywood enamandla ifakwa ngaphansi kweziqukathi ezinezihlahla.

Ukukhanyisa

Akunakwenzeka ukukhula ukhukhamba ebusika ekhaya ngaphandle kokukhanyisa. Usuku lokukhanya kufanele lugcine amahora angu-12-14. Ezindaweni eziphakathi kweRussia, ema-Urals, eSiberia, kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuFebruwari, ukukhanya kwe-luminescence kwenziwa emahoreni angu-16 kuya kwangu-20.

Amadivaysi okukhanyisa okukhanyisa (ukusindisa amandla, ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent, i-LED) amisiwe kude no-30-40 cm.

Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela, ukukhanya okukhanyisa amashidi we-foil nezibuko kufakwe.

Ukushisa

Kuze kube yilapho izitshalo zishaywa imivimbo, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa. hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-16 ° С. Ngemuva kokubunjwa kwemivimbo yemifino, izinga lokushisa ezinsukwini zelanga ligcinwa ngo-24-26 ° С, uma kwenzeka isimo sezulu sishintsha futhi ebusuku + 18-20 ° С.

Ukunisela

Ukuphuza ngosuku oluhle kakhulu usuku lonke, ngosuku olufuzekayo nsuku zonke.. Amanzi kumele avikelwe, alethwe ekamelweni lokushisa. Izikhathi eziningana phakathi nenkathi, ziphuziswa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka esibomvu se-potassium permanganate.

Kuwusizo ukuhlanza izitshalo kabili ngosuku, kepha amaqabunga kufanele ashe ebusuku. Ukuphuza ukhukhamba uchithe ngaphansi kwempande noma uthele amanzi emathreyini.

Ithiphu! Ukwandisa umswakama ekamelweni, ama-radiators agcwele amathawula amanzi. Beka eduze kwekhakhamba izitsha ezihlabayo ngamanzi. Faka ama-humidifiers.

Qalisa

Izibhamu ezikhulile ekhaya zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili futhi zidinga i-garters. I-garter yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-loop ehambayo. Sebenzisa i-twine noma i-nlononi ngentambo.

Ukwakha isihlahla

Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesihlanu eliyiqiniso, phinda phezulu ukuze udale isihlahla emigqeni emibili. Lapho amaqabunga amahlanu alandelayo ekhula, inqubo iphinda iphindwe.

Ukuchotshozwa kwemicibisholo yecala kwenziwa emaqeleni aphansi angaphansi kweqabunga le-1-2-3.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukugqoka kokuqala kuchitha emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili weqiniso. Yondla isisombululo sika 3-4 g nitrophoska ngalinye ilitha lamanzi. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa ngasinye isitshalo.

Ungasebenzisa isisombululo sesipuni esisodwa se-urea ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi. Nondla kanye emva kwamasonto amabili.

Ngokufika kukaZelentsov, isitshalo sidliwa njalo ngesonto, sichitha phakathi kwamaminerali kanye namanyolo eziphilayo. Njengoba izithasiselo eziphilayo zisebenzisa izixazululo ezingu-20% zomquba wenkukhu noma i-superphosphate. Amaminerali, ama-30-40 g we-nitrophosphate ahlakazwa ebhaketheni lamanzi, isipuni se-Agrolife noma ama-caps amabili okulungiselela ukukhula ayengezwa ngokunisela.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngemuva kwesonto ukuchitha ukondla ukhukhamba ngegama le-biohumus. Izihlahla ezimbili zifakwe ngesihlahla esincane esibomvu se-potassium permanganate.

Ithiphu! Indaba ephilayo ephelele iyisisombululo sama-peels aqoshiwe abhanjiwe, isinkwa se-rye.

Izifo

Ukhukhamba okhulile efulethini uhlushwa yizitshalo zesicabucabu namhlophe. Ukuphalaza ngamanzi ase-soapy kusiza, kuyingozi ukusebenzisa izinambuzane endlini.

Ukuvuna

Zelentsy ziqoqiwe nsuku zonke, zingavumeli ukuba zikhule. Lokhu kunomthelela ekubunjweni kwama-ovari omusha, kunciphisa umthwalo ekuqhumeni, kuvimbela ukuchithwa kwesitshalo, ukuwohloka kokunambitheka kwamakhukhamba.

Ukukhula endlini yangasese

Ayikho ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bezolimo ezikhukhamba ezikhulayo efulethini. Kodwa-ke, abantu bendawo, abanikazi bamahhashi banamathuba amaningi okutshala ngokucophelela ukhukhamba ezindaweni zokugcina zokushisa ezinyakazayo unyaka wonke.

Izici zokulima ukushisa

  • Yeka ukukhetha izinhlobo zokubamba ukushisa ukhukhamba.
  • Uma uhlwanyela izithombo, qinisekisa ukuba ungene emthonjeni okungenani ibhakede lomquba noma umanyolo, ngokufaka u-10 g we-phosphorus, u-5 g we-nitrogen, u-15 g we-potassium nge-1 m².
  • Lapho ufika babe nezithombo zamakhukhamba ebangeni lika-40 cm kusuka komunye nomunyeushiya imitha phakathi kwemigqa. Kunamanzi amaningi.
  • Amathrekhi aqokiwe, asekela.
  • Ukhukhamba we-shrub kufana nokukhula lapho ekhaya.
  • Susa amaqabunga aphuzi futhi ahlanzekile..
  • Ukudla kokuqala ngemva kwamasonto amane. Isitshalo ngasinye sisebenzisa ama-1-2 amalitha esisombululo se-phosphorus-potassium se-0.3%. Phakathi nenkathi ye-fruiting, ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa njalo ngesonto.
  • Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya elihle, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngezinga lama-2-3 amalitha amanzi ehlathini ngalinye.

Izifo Zokuvimbela Nokulawula

  • Kufanele shintsha inhlabathi njalo ngonyaka. Thuthukisa i-microflora ewusizo. Yethula izidakamizwa ezifana ne-Fitosporin M, umquba obolile, ukumnika isikhumba.
  • Qaphela imodi yokuphumula.
  • Ukuze silwe nesicabucabu, i-whitefly, izintuthwane, inhlabathi ingasebenzi nge-disinfected. Njalo emva kwezinsuku eziyisihlanu uhlanza ama-karbofosom.
  • I-dill, isinaphi, i-coriander, i-garlic, i-basil, ugwayi etshalwe phakathi kwemigqa. Babesabisa izinambuzane zamakhukhamba.
  • I-Aphid ne-whitefly zigezwa ngamanzi abandayo. Sula amaqabunga ekhukhamba ngamanzi asozini.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba sikhule endlini engaphansi?

Esiteshini esinezinhlanzi kufanele siphume kuze kube ngu-200 kg ukhukhamba kusuka kumamitha angu-1.

Izindleko eziyinhloko zibhekwa ngokuhlinzekwa kwezimo ezikhanyayo nezimo ezishisayo.

Izidingo ekamelweni elingaphansi lokukhukhamba

  • Ukushisa akufanele iwele ezinkomba ezingalungile unyaka wonke.
  • Ukungabikho kwamagundane, isikhunta, i-fungus.
  • Ukuqina, ukuphepha okuvela emanzini, ukungena kwamanzi emhlabathini.

Isikhungo Esincane

  • Faka phansi phansi izindonga. izinto zokuqapha.
  • Faka ama-heaters, ukushisa nokukhanyisa amadivaysi. Njengoba izibani ezifanele kakhulu izibani ze-arc mercury noma izibani ze-incandescent. Ukuze kube lula, sebenzisa isikhathi esidluliselwe emuva.
  • Hlela uhlelo lokuphumula.
  • Khetha i-medium ekhulayo: i-hydroponics noma inhlabathi.
  • Izidingo zomhlabathi zifana nokukhukhamba okukhulayo ekhaya nasezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo.
I-Hydroponics iphumelela kakhulu engadini yasesimweni esincane. I-Quartz, i-granite iguqa ngamanzi ama-50-20 mm nesisombululo sezakhi ezine-nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus. Isixazululo semvelo singathengwa esitolo noma sipheke.

Izici zokukhula

  • Hlakulela indlela ye-rassadny.
  • Ikhukhamba izithombo etshalwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
  • Ukuhambisana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokukhuphula ukhukhamba.
  • Ukulwa nezinambuzane, amagundane, bashintsha uthuli, ukubhema amabhomu, ubuthi obunobuthi abamba izicupho, amapende akhethekile ngezinambuzane.
  • Ukusuka ezifweni ze-fungal, isikhunta, i-moss izindonga ezisemhlabathini ezinamakhemikhali aphikisayo.

Izinzuzo nokulimala kokutshala phansi

Izinzuzo ezingenasisekelo zihlanganisa izitshalo eziphakeme, ukhukhukhamba ukhukhamba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi, izimo zezulu. Isikhathi esifushane kusukela ekukhuleni kwezithombo zamakhukhamba ukuvuna. Ezinyangeni ezimbili emva kokuphuma kwezithombo, imifino yokuqala ivuthwe.

Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko yindleko ephezulu yamakhukhamba.

Kungenzeka yini ukukhula ukhukhamba ebusika ekhaya? Uma ufisa, khula ukhukhamba unyaka wonke. Ukusuka ezikhungweni zasekhaya ezikhulile ekhaya bathola izingcezu ezingu-35-40 zamakhukhamba.

Izinto eziwusizo

Hlola ezinye eziwusizo ikhukhamba izithombo izihloko:

  • Amathiphu okukhula ezigulini ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezimbizeni zepiat kanye namaphilisi.
  • Izizathu zokuthi kungani izithombo zikhishwa futhi amaqabunga aphuzi?
  • Zonke izimfihlo zokukhetha amahlumela amancane nokufika kwawo emhlabathini ovulekile.

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