Umhlobiso wanoma yikuphi ukungaphakathi kuzoba isitshalo esingavamile nesinhle esibhedlela, njengesihlahla sekhofi. Lesi sitshalo sizobukeka sikhulu ebhange noma esikoleni, nasendlini encane.
Isihlahla sekhofi
Phakathi kwabalimi, inkolelo ephikisayo ukuthi akulula ukukhulisa umuthi wekhofi ekhaya, futhi ukuzinakekela kunzima. Eqinisweni, inqubo yokukhula kwama-exotics emiphakathini ayinzima nakakhulu kunokukhula kwezinye izitshalo zasendlini.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izincomo eziphathelene ngqo nalesi siko, futhi maduzane ifasitela lakho lizohlobisa ibhodlela ngehlumela lamathenda lomuthi wekhofi esizayo.
Ungaphi?
Njengoba isitshalo esincane sidinga ukukhanya okuningi, i-windows sill ekamelweni elifudumele kuyoba indawo efanele kakhulu ukufaka ibhodlela nayo. 
Ikhofi izokhula emawindini asenyakatho, kodwa isiqondiso eseningizimu sizoba yinto enhle kunazo zonke.
Umswakama nokushisa
Ukuze isithombo sikhule ngendlela evamile, kufanele sinikezwe ukushisa okuvamile kwemoya:
- ehlobo - kuze kufike ku + 22 ° С;
- ebusika - kuze kufike ku-18 ° С.
Ebusika, kubalulekile ukuthi unganciphisi izinga lokushisa egumbini elingezansi + 12 ° C, ngoba emazingeni aphansi asezingeni eliphansi ukukhula kukhishwa futhi izimpande zensimbi encane zibola. Ikhofi elidala lingabusika ngokuphephile nakwezinye izimo ezingakhululekile.
Ukushisa kwasebusika kuka-10 ° С kuyamukeleka, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhanyisa okuhle kanye nokunisela okungajwayelekile nokubuthakathaka komkhakha wempande kuyisibopho. 
Isithombo sekhofi siphendule kakhulu ekufuthweni okuvamile kwamaqabunga ngamanzi afudumele afudumele. Le nqubo kumele yenziwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Umoya ekamelweni lapho umuthi ukhula khona kufanele ube nomswakama olinganiselayo: ukoma ngokweqile noma umswakama owedlulele womoya kuvimbela isitshalo.
Ukukhanyisa
Ayikho umlutha wokukhanya emkhakheni wekhofi. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ukukhanya kulungile. Uma umuthi ufakwe efasiteleni elisenyakatho, ukukhula kwawo kuzoba buthaka, izimbali zizofika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanti i-fruiting izokwandiswa.
Esikhathini sakho sokukhanyisa ikhofi oyintandokazi esiqondeni eseningizimu kunamaphutha. Amaqabunga amakhofi amancane avuleka kalula ekushiseni kwelanga, ngakho-ke ehlobo lesi sitshalo kumele sibe ngu-pritenyat kancane.
Izindlu zezindlu zihlobisa noma yikuphi indawo yokuhlala; zisiza ukuhlobisa ikhaya lapho isimo sezulu sibi. Izitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu zasendlini yizo: azalea, kalanchoe, vanhurium, i-geranium, i-orchid, i-spathiphyllum, i-violet, i-begonia.
Ukuze uthole shading elula yekhofi, iphephandaba lephephandaba linamathele egalayini lefasitela ngosizo lwe-scotch tape. Imisebe yelanga ewela phezu kwenzalo iyahlakazeka futhi ingashintshi amaqabunga.
Isitshalo esidala ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga asikwenzi i-ovary egcwele. Ngokushesha nje lapho ibhulashi lembali lidala imibungu yesithelo, kuhle ukusihlahla lesihlahla. Lapho utshala amafufi eBrazil, izitshalo zekhofi zihlala emvelweni kwezinye izihlahla (imithombo yesikhathi esizayo yomthunzi). 
Umhlaba
Ikhofi ithanda ukuphefumula, inhlabathi evuthayo. Lapho ukuphuza amanzi enjalo enhlabathi kwenza kube yimpande yomuthi, kodwa akusizi, futhi umswakama owedlulele ugeleza emanzini.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-substrates asetshenzisiwe:
- owokuqala ukuthi leyo ngxenye eyodwa ye-turf yamagqabha ixubene nezingxenye ezimbili zesihlabathi esinamaqabunga kanye nezingxenye ezimbili ze-peat ehlutshiwe;
- i-leaf turf yesibili, inhlabathi emnyama, i-humus, isihlabathi esiyingxenye elinganayo ixutshwe. Banezelwa kuzo izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat ezibabayo.
Noma ngabe iyiphi inhlanganisela yenhlabathi oyisebenzisayo, uma kungenzeka, yengeze kuso okwehlisiwe okwe-sphagnum moss. I-Moss izogcina umswakama emhlabathini futhi iqiniseke ukuthi i-asidi yayo iphinde iphele. 
Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlela phansi emithonjeni emihle yembiza - amanzi anamafutha aholela ekufeni kwesistimu.
Ukutshala isitshalo
Ekhaya, umuthi wekhofi utshalwe embizeni ejulile, njengoba isitshalo sinomphetho we-taproot, sondela ngokujulile phansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu yekhofi, kumele ihlaziywe.
Ibhontshisi yekhofi idinga ukujuliswa ngokujulile ngommese noma ngokucindezelwa kancane ngamapulisi okuqhekeza igobolondo yangaphandle elikhuni, bese lizoshesha ngokushesha. Umuthi wekhofi ungakhula kusuka kumbewu noma kusuka ku-green cuttings.
Uyazi? I-scarification yilephulwa yinkinga yembewu. Ngaphandle kokuqothulwa, okusanhlamvu okunzima (ikhofi, imbewu ye-lagenaria, njll) kuyolala emhlabathini kuze kube yilapho igobolondo layo elingaphandle elimala isikhathi eside.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ungakhula umuthi wekhofi ekuthengeni ikhofi eluhlaza (hhayi othosiwe) okusanhlamvu. Ngaphambi kokufaka imbewu yekhofi yokuhluma, igobolondo layo libhujisiwe (lihlutshiwe ngokujulile).
Isenzo esengeziwe kulokhu ku-oda:
- imbewu yekhofi ekhwaliwe ingafakwa ngaphezulu kokubili ngaphambi kokutshala ekugqugquzela ukukhula ("Appin", "Emistim", "Zircon");
- imbiza ejulile ilungiselelwe ukutshala ngokuxekethile, ingxube encane yomhlabathi kanye nomsele phansi;
- izinhlamvu zitshalwe emhlabathini ngokujula kwe 3-4 cm (ibanga eliphakathi kwezinhlamvu ezitshaliwe ngu 3-5 cm);
- inhlabathi nge imbewu ikhofi etshalwe ithuliswa futhi igcwele ingilazi noma isikhwama seplastiki;
- faka ibhodlela ekamelweni elifudumele: ephakeme izinga lokushisa, ngokushesha amahlumela azoba;
- Ngesibili noma ngesonto ingilazi noma ifilimu isusiwe ebhodweni, i-condensate iyagudluzwa futhi izitshalo zikhishwa.
Kubalulekile! Amahlumela okuqala azovela ezinsukwini ezingu-50-55. Ikhofi iyisitshalo esiqinile, ngakho-ke umgadi wensimu kuyodingeka abe nesineke.
Izitshalo zekhofi cishe zilahlekelwa ukuhluma kwazo ngonyaka, amandla abo okukhula ahlongozwa njengama-3% kwabangu-100. Ngakho-ke, uma umvunyizi athole ubhontshisi obomileyo obomile, uma-ke ekungeneni ekukhuliseni nokuhluma isikhathi eside, ama-2-3 angama-grains angu-100 angakhubeka.
Kunamathuba amaningi okukhulisa imbewu yekhofi esivela esihlahleni sefasitela esiseduze. Lokhu okusanhlamvu kuzoba okusha, kugobolondo le-claret. Inzalo ibonakala ihlukaniswe yaba yibili, kanti isafelishi sekhofi ehlukile iyohluma kusuka engxenyeni ngayinye yokusanhlamvu.
Cuttings
Kulula kakhulu ukusakaza isitshalo sekhofi nge-cuttings eluhlaza. Ingxube yomhlabathi yokutshala ama-cuttings idinga ukuvuleka, ngokufinyelela kokuswakama kanye ne-oxygen. Kuze kube sekugcineni, i-perlite ne-sour bog peat powder ixutshwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo.
Inhlabathi ebhodweni ihambelana nesisombululo esilula sama manganese - lokhu kunomthelela ekungcoleni komhlaba.
Kusukela kumuthi omdala wekhofi ophakathi nendawo yomqhele ukhethwe igatsha lokusika. Igatsha kufanele libe namapheshana amane. Kungcono ukuthatha isiqu kusukela egatsheni ukukhula konyaka odlule. La magatsha ngokuvamile aneziqu eziqhamukayo, okusho ukuthi isihlahla esizayo sizoqala ukugaya nokugquma ekuqaleni. 
Ukuqothula ama-cuttings kunqunywa emthini womama ngommese obukhali noma umsila. I-cut is kwenziwa ngamasentimitha amathathu ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Ku-cuttings esinqunyiwe, ama-scratches longitudinal esikhumbeni ayenziwe ngenaliti ngaphansi kwamaqabunga amabili okugcina (ukwakheka kangcono izimpande zesikhathi esizayo).
Ngokulandelayo, ama-cuttings afaka amahora amathathu kulesi sitshalo esakhiwa izimpande:
- isisombululo soju namanzi (1 isipuni soju kuya 1 indebe yamanzi);
- Isixazululo se-heteroauxin (1.5 amalitha amanzi athathwa amaphilisi amane omuthi).
Kunoma yiliphi lalezi zixazululo ezisempande, ama-cuttings afakwe kuphela ngengxenye ephansi (ehlutshiwe). Ukuze benze lokhu, bafaka ingilazi enezikhukhula.
Izihlahla ezilungiselelwe zihlala emhlabathini emaqabunga. Ukujula kwe-cut is 2-3 cm. Ibhodwana elinemihlatjelo elitshaliwe lihlanganiswe nesigxobo seplastiki esenziwe nge-perforated: ukuhambisa nokusifafaza izithombo ngamanzi kuzokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa lezi zimbobo. Ukuqothula ama-cuttings umthunzi kusuka elangeni.
Ukuze uthole ukuqhuma okuphumelelayo ukushisa okufanele kakhulu kunama-25 ° С. Ukushisa nokukhuphuka komswakama, ngokushesha ukukhula kwenqwaba kwenzeka. Ukushisa kwama-thirty-degree ukushisa okungavumelekile okukhishwa kwe-rooting cuttings. 
Isibonakaliso esiqinisekisiwe sokuthi izihlahla seziqalile ukukhula kweziqu eziphezulu. Lapho amaqabunga amasha ekhula esikhonini, isitshalo singasetshenziswa ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa.
Ukudla okunamafutha kunezinzuzo eziningana phezu kwenzalo yokusabalalisa:
- umuthi omncane uzoba nazo zonke izici zesitshalo somzali;
- I-coffee stalk izoqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala;
- Ungakhula isithelo sekhofi sokuqala sonyaka.
Izici zokunakekelwa
Akuyona into edingekayo yokunakekelwa, umuthi wekhofi awubekezeli izindawo ezishintshayo ngisho nje uvula imbiza! Ukuguqula ibhodlela ngo-20-40 °, ungavusa iqabunga lokuwa.
Ukuguqula ibhodlela kuzomisa ukuvuna komuthi nesithelo esivele saqala ukuwa. Kulula ukuba umlimi okhulayo akhumbule lesi sici somuthi wekhofi futhi angashintshi indawo yayo.
Umuthi wekhofi uzohlobisa ngamanoni, amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nomqhele wokunethezeka noma yikuphi indlu noma ubukhona. Ngokubekezela nokunakekelwa okuncane, futhi eminyakeni embalwa uzokwazi ukuphuza ikhofi esivandelini esisekhaya esinekamelo lokuphumula.
Uyazi? Umuthi wekhofi ovundile uhlala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-10. Iphunga lezimbali zekhofi libuthakathaka kancane kunalesi citrus.
Ukunisela
Njengazinye izitshalo zasendlini, ehlobo lekhofi, ikhofi ithanda ukuchelela okunengi, ebusika isidingo saso sokunyuka sinciphisa. Ikhofi isabela ekutheni amanzi amanzi alula.
Umuthi uthola umswakama emoyeni, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukupomfa njalo eqabeni. Kubuye kusize isitshalo ukusula amaqabunga ngesiponji esincane. Ungakwazi ukuhlela ngezikhathi ezithile umuthi weshawa emanzini afudumele noma ukuchelela okuncane emanzini athululelwe epanini.
Umanyolo
Umuthi ungcono ukutshala entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho isitshalo sikhula ngokushesha. Ikhofi isabela kahle kumanyolo wamanzi amaminerali anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen ne-potassium.
Ungondla ikhofi nge-droppings ye-inkukhu ehlanjululwe (amathayi ayi-0.5 litre ezinamanzi ahlanzekile ayenamanzi ama-droppings ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Yondla isitshalo ngaphansi kwempande, enhlabathini emanzi.
Lesi sitshalo sibheke ngokuphelele isixazululo esinamanzi sesithambo (200 g ngalinye 10 kg inhlabathi). Lokhu ukugqoka ngokuphelele kugcwalisa ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus. Kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kufike ikhofi yesimo sezulu esondayo sondliwa masonto onke nama-fertilizer eziyinkimbinkimbi for roses noma azaleas. 
Zinezici ezidingekayo zomuthi wekhofi. Ebusika, umuthi awukwazi ukondla, kuza isikhathi sokuphumula.
Ukwakheka komqhele
Ngonyaka wokuqala, lesi sitshalo sikhuphuka ngo-20-25 cm ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, isithombo sikhuphula ama-axillary efihlekile, okuvela kuwo amagatsha ase-lateral. Emagatsheni ohlangothini aphinde ahlume, futhi kusukela kubo kukhula amagatsha okwesithathu.
Umuthi wekhofi uqala ukukhula ngamandla ngomqhele ngonyaka wesibili wonyaka okhulayo - awudingi ukulungiswa nokusika. Amagatsha omuthi wekhofi akhula ngokuphindaphindiwe ku-trunk, futhi isikhwama somqhele sikhulu futhi sineqhwa.
Isitshalo sabantu abadala singasungulwa ngokusika izihlahla kanye nokugcoba. Lokhu kuvame ukuqhutshwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- lapho amagatsha amakhulu omzimba ehlukaniswa ngokuqinile ezinhlangothini futhi angangeni emkhathini wangaphakathi ogcinelwe impilo yesitshalo;
- lapho ukuqina komqhele ngokweqile kunciphisa ukukhanyisa izitshalo;
- lapho udinga ukusika ama-cuttings aluhlaza ngokutshala izitshalo ezintsha.
Ukufakelwa
Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala yokuphila, umuthi wekhofi ufakelwa kanye ngonyaka, entwasahlobo. Ummbila wokuqala we-seedling uthathwe ngobubanzi obuyi-12 cm. Ukufakelwa ngakunye okulandelayo kudinga isitsha esingama 5 cm ubukhulu ububanzi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, isitshalo sokufakelwa kabusha siyadingeka njalo eminyakeni emithathu, kodwa ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ebhodweni (3-5 cm) lushintsha njalo ngonyaka. Uma umuthi ushiywanga ungafakelwa kabusha, ngeke ulahle umbala.
Nakuba, ngaphansi kokufakelwa kwonyaka, ikhofi ekhulile kusuka enzalweni izoqhakaza okokuqala ngonyaka wesine wonyaka okhulayo.
Izifo nezinkinga ezikhona ekukhuleni
Ngenkathi yokukhula, umuthi wekhofi ungase ubonakale ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane eziyingozi (isikhumba, isicabucabu), izifo zingase zivele (umnyama omnyama, njll).
Ukunakekelwa kwekhaya kwesitshalo esithintekayo kulula: ungabhekana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlupheka ngokusula amahlamvu emaceleni omabili ngesiponji oswakanyiswe ngesisombululo seseva yokuhlanza.
Amaqabunga ekhofi angalahlekelwa ukuguqulwa kwegazi, aphephe, aphenduke amhlophe uma etshalwe enhlabathini engekho acidikhi. Ikhofi igula uma izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lapho isitshalo lime khona, liwela phansi kwe-10 ° C. Uma umoya ekamelweni limile kakhulu, umuthi uphenduka ngokuphazamisa amahlamvu.
Ngesikhathi sokulinda isivuno?
Ukwamukela isitshalo esihle, umlimi wensimu ulindele ukuvuna kuqala. Kodwa ikhofi ekhulile kusuka enzalweni izojabulisa umlimi nge-brush yokuqala yezithelo akukho ngaphambi komnyaka wesine wokuphila. 
Isimo nesitshalo esitholakala kwi-stalk ikhofi egxilile kungcono kangcono. Umuthi onjalo ungakhula izithelo zawo ngonyaka wokuqala wonyaka okhulayo.
Uyazi? Uma umgadi wegadi engenazo isipiliyoni esanele, angase aphazamiseke yi-fragmentary drilling ngeziqu zesitshalo sekhofi. Umgodi ophuzi wekhofi uqala ukuma futhi uhlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama. Ukukhula, amabala ahlangene, futhi isitembu soma futhi sithola umbala obomvu. Ayikho into embi, nje kuphela isithombo esitshani, sikhula, siba ngumuthi.
Ukuqaphela imithetho elula yokutshala umuthi wekhofi ekhaya, ungathola isitshalo sezindlu esiwusizo futhi esihle. Sezikwazi ukutshala ikhofi, umhloli wezitshalo uzokwazi ukwabelana ngokunquma emthini wakhe wekhofi kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhulayo obunomdlandla omncintiswano ongenalwazi.
