Uma ukhetha indlovukazi phakathi kwama-orchid, I-Cattleya ihlala kahle esihlalweni sobukhosi. Futhi, njengendlovukazi yangempela, imbali ingenangqondo, idinga ukunakwa okuningi, umzamo nokubekezela "komuntu" wayo. Uma sewutholile isilinganiso esiphezulu sokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa, i-orchid izojabulisa umnini wayo ngombala omuhle futhi iphunga elimnandi.
Incazelo ye-botanical
UWilliam Cattleya, umlimi waseJalimane nomlimi wezitshalo, uthathwa njengobaba wezinkomo ze-Cattleya. Nguye owaletha le mbali "isimangaliso" eBrazil, ekhulayo ebusweni bakhe obuhlaza.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 eziphilayo ze-herbaceous plant. Kusuka kwamanye amalungu omndeni wakwa-Orchid, lokhu kuhlukahluka kunomumo ovelele womlomo.
I-Lip in floristics ibizwa ngokuthi i-orchid petal ehamba phambili, ehluke ngokugqamile ngombala wezinye izikhala.
Uyazi? I-spice eyaziwayo "i-vanilla" ikhishwe ama-orchid.Izinkomo - imbali enzima kakhulu futhi engenasisekelo, ingenqaba ukuqhakaza iminyaka. I-Cattle Cattleya iyimbala yaphezulu futhi iphunga elingenakulinganiswa. Kwesinye sezihlumela zayo cishe izimbali ezingu-10 ezilinganayo, zinama-5-25 cm ububanzi.
Imfuyo ingenye yezinhlobo ze-Orchids zomculo: isitshalo siba sikhulu njalo ngonyaka, ngenxa yokuvela kwamahlumela amasha eduze kwasebekhulile. Isiqu sikhula kusuka epseudobulb yangaphambili (tuberidia), ehlanganisa umswakama namavithamini azuzisayo.Isikhathi sokuqhakaza cishe inyanga, ebusika nase-orchid ekwindla ukuphumula ukuphuma kwezimbali.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ze-orchid ezifana nalezi: ludizia, phalaenopsis, dendrobium, celogin, cymbidium, miltassia.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinkomo
Endle kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-65 zezinkomo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 ze-hybride zakhiwe kwinqubo yokukhetha:
- Ukuze izimbali zendawo zihlukaniswe zibe: i-epiphytes, ekhula emagodini noma emagatsheni emithi, umswakama-onothando ohlukile; ukungabi nalutho - izakhamuzi zamademoni amadwala nezintambo, abathandi ukubhukuda elangeni eliqondile.
- Umbala: baqonda yonke imibala eyaziwayo.
- Ngokuba "ukukhula": kusuka kumamitha ambalwa kuya kumitha nangaphezulu.
- Ngokuba ubukhulu bembali: kusuka kumamitha ambalwa kuya ku-25 cm.
- Ngezibalo zezimbali: i-peduncles eyodwa noma i-inflorescences.
- Ngamanani amaqabunga: iqabunga elilodwa noma amaqabunga amabili.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zalomndeni yizi:
- I-Orchid Izinkomo ezimbili ithoni - intandokazi yemiboniso ye-orchids yezithombe. Isetshenziswe ngabaflorisi ngeziqephu ezihlukahlukene. Ihlukana nezimbali ezitholakala kalula, ububanzi bomunye umhlobiso onjalo ngu-10 mm. I-lip inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanti ama-petals asele asemnyama noma aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, ngezinye izikhathi anika i-tinge ebomvu.
- Buka i-Bowring - cishe i-giant. Ubude be-orchid buyi-70 cm endle, futhi ekhaya kuphela ngamasentimitha angu-35 kuphela. Amapetali aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka.
- Triana - indlovukazi omhlophe-omhlophe wezimbali zezimbali. I-lip of the petal iphuma ngokugqamile noma umbala obomvu.
- I-Forbeza - I-Cattleya-inch, ubude obuyi-10-20 cm. Izimbali ze-Flower zidonsa amehlo emthunzini omnqumo omnqumo nge-pink-white or pale pink pink.
- Amagundane omzimba we-pink, purple or violet shades, indawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emagumbini aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yizici ama-orchid anesiponti.
- Izimbali eziluhlaza ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu, ziyingxenye yebanga lekhanda le-orchid Giant.
Uyazi? I-orchid iyimbali ukuthi, ngephunga layo elimnandi, alikwazi ukubangela izifo.
Izimo ezikhulayo
I-orchid akuyona nje indlovukazi enhle, kodwa futhi nendlovukazi ye-whims. Ukunakekela izinkomo ekhaya kudinga umthwalo wemfanelo nombala wothando, ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokunisela, ukukhanyisa, umanyolo, ukulawula izinga lokushisa, ukucacisa.
I-capriciousness ye-orchid ibonakala ngokuyinhloko ekwenzeni kwayo ukuqhakaza. Ukuntuleka kwama-inflorescences aluhlaza esitsheni esincane futhi esinempilo kubathandi ababala kakhulu abakhathazekile. Isizathu salokhu kuziphatha singase sibe semncane kakhulu kumfundi wakho kanye nokungabi namandla okuqhakaza.
Ngakho-ke, izivande zezimbali ezihlangene zeluleka ukuthenga i-orchid esele ikhula ngokukhona kwe-tuberidia engu-4. Uma ungenakukwazi ukuthola izimbali, unakekele lowo onakho, nakanjani uzokunika umkhosi wezimbali. Into esemqoka ukulandela imithetho elandelayo. 
Indawo
Izinkomo zikhetha uhlangothi oluseningizimu lendawo yokuhlala, alwesabi ilanga eliqondile ngamahora amaningana ngosuku. Yimibala yelanga efaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni i-pseudobulb.
Isitshalo esiphezulu sizokutshela amaqabunga aluhlaza aluhlaza nge-tinge ephuzi. Kulesi simo, kufanelekile ukuyihambisa endaweni eyengeziwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-green orchid alahlekile azokutshela ngokuntuleka kokukhanya.
Ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okujwayelekile, imbali izoveza amaqabunga amnandi wombala ocebile oluhlaza.
Isikhathi sasebusika - isikhathi se-hibernation. Ngalesi sikhathi, banesidingo sokukhanya. Amadiza ensiza anconywa ukuba akhanyise ngezibani ze-fluorescent.
Kubalulekile! Unakekele izinkomo ezivela emaphethini, ubathinteka kakhulu.
Ukushisa nomswakama.
I-Kattleya inomuzwa omuhle ezimweni zokushisa kwamakamelo. Ehlobo, kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akupheli. Uma amaqabunga afudumele kulokhu okuthinta, udinga ukuwageza ngamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa, ukwandise umswakama wembali. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokubeka umzila wamanzi eduze kwawo.
Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kwembali kuyinto engu-16-20 ° C. Ukuze kube nezimbali ezigcwele, umehluko ohlukile emini nasebusuku amazinga okushisa kufanele abe ngu-5 ° C.
Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, i-orchid kufanele ibekwe ngezikhathi ezithile epanini, igcwele amanzi noma ifakwe.
Ngokuqondene nokuchelela, imbali ayimile kakhulu. Isilinganiso sesivele njalo ngemva kwamasonto angu-1-1,5. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngaphambi kwakho isitshalo esingavamile, ukuchelela okwejwayelekile akuyona yona. I-orchid idinga "ukuphuziswa" ngokufaka uhlelo lwayo lwempande kwisitsha samanzi. 
Substrate kanye namandla
Ukusebenza okugcwele kwezinkomo kungenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwe-substrate ekhethekile. Uqaphele ukuthi e-flower shop i-orchid ayikhuleki enhlabathini evamile.
Kudinga uhlobo oluhlukile lomhlabathi. Ibhakede elixubene ne-sphagnum moss lisetshenziselwa njenge-substrate yezinkomo.
Uma ufuna ukutshala izimbali zakho ezibomvu ngokwakho, udinga ukhethe amagxolo enkampanini ephakathi nendawo encane, cwilisa emanzini cishe izinsuku ezimbili.
Khona-ke ibhakede elimanzi eliminyene kufanele lihlanzwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile, exutshwe nama-moss ne-foam. Ngaphansi kokutshala ama-orchid ukulungele. Le nhlabathi iyoba ngumgcini womswakama wembali, futhi ibuye ibe nomoya ophelele wokuphelela.
Ngokuphathelene nomthamo, "indlovukazi" ikhethekile. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala izinkomo ezinobumba zobumba noma iplastiki ecacile.
Kubalulekile! I-bottom of the tank kufanele ihlanganiswe namatshe amatshe amagrafu 1-2 cm ukudala uhlelo olusebenzayo lwamanzi ngenkathi yokudla imbali.
Indlela yokunakekela imbali
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Orchid kuhlanganisa ukuchelela, ukufaka umanyolo nokufakelwa kabusha. Ukugcinwa okunengqondo nokufanele kwalezi zinqubo ze-agrotechnical kuzovuzwa ngama-flower stalks.
Ukunisela nokuphalaza
Ekusentwasahlobo nasekwindla, i-orchid inconywa ukuba iphuze kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto angu-1-1.5. Le periodicity iphazamiseka ehlobo nasebusika.
Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sidinga amanzi amaningi, sidinga ukuphuziswa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3, ngoba ngaphansi kwelanga elangeni eliqondile i-substrate esitsheni idla ngokushesha kakhulu. Ebusika, ngokuphambene nalokho, kufanelekile ukunciphisa inani lokuchelela.
Amanzi aphakeme kakhulu emanzini okuhlukaniswa kwamathambo. Igama elithi "ukuchelela" le mbali akufanelekile, njengoba kunesidlo esithile, kufakwe epanini ngamanzi amahora angu-5-10. Amanzi kufanele afudumele.
Esikhathini esishisayo, amaqabunga esihlahla kanye nomoya ozungezile kufanele aqhutshwe phambili ngokupomfa.
Umanyolo
Ukuze izinkomo zikhule ngamandla, udinga usizo, okungukuthi, ukumondla. Njengendlela yokugqoka phezulu usebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali. Funda ngokucophelela imiyalelo ethi "vithamini": ngenkosikazi yakho, umthamo kufanele ube mncane.
Uma isikhathi sokukhula nokwakhiwa kwe-tuberidia siqala, i-orchid inondliwa ngezinto ezakhiwe phezulu nge-nitrogen. Uma le nkathi iphela, imbali idinga i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Okuphakelayo kumele kwengezwe njalo ngamanzi amabili. Ngokufika kwe-peduncle, ukukhulelwa kumisiwe.
Ukufakelwa
Naphezu kokuthi i-orchid ayithandi ukuguquka futhi ayibekezelelani kahle, kuyadingeka ukuba usebenzise lesi sinani ekhaya. Iqiniso liwukuthi i-substrate i-oxidized, engayithinta kakhulu imbali yakho yasebukhosini.
Ukuze uqalise ukufakelwa, udinga ukulungisa isitsha esisha ne-substrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi uzohlukanisa yini isitshalo.
Khumbula ukuthi emva kokufakelwa, isilwane sakho sizovuselelwa isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi sibuyele emsebenzini wokuphila ngokugcwele.
Izici zokuzala
Izinkomo ziyasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa ngesikhathi sokuvela nokukhula okusebenzayo kwezimpande ezintsha. Imbali kufanele ikhishwe ngokucophelela ngaphandle kwetangi futhi ifakwe ebhodini elingaphambene (isitsha samanzi) amahora ambalwa. Uma i-rhizome yanele ukuthola imanzi, ihlukaniswe. Izimbali zincoma ukuthi zihambe ezigabeni ezivela ku-3 ukuya ku-5 pseudobulb.
Izinambuzane zezitshalo
Okuthandayo, njengoba kungabonakali kudabukisayo, kungase kuhlaselwe ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane eziningi, kufaka phakathi:
- Aphid - inambuzane encane, eluhlaza noma emnyama embala, olimaza amaqabunga, amaqabunga, ama-inflorescences, ebhubhisa uhlelo lweselula ye-orchid, i-agent causative ye-infect viral and fungal infections. Ukubhubhisa ama-aphid ngokugeza ngamanzi ajwayelekile noma asepha.
- Ngenxa yokushisa, imbali ingahlasela i-scythe - izinambuzane ezihlala emaqabungqeni indawo ehamba ngendlela efana ne-hillocks ne-hillocks, idla isitshalo sesitshalo, inciphise ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Lezi zakhamuzi zingaxoshwa enkambeni yokwandisa umswakama ojikeleze imbali, kanye nokuwasusa nge-brush ejwayelekile yamazinyo.
- Izibungu zesicabucabu - Enye inkathazo esaba uketshezi. Uma ubona i-cobweb encane ngaphansi kwe-inflorescence, masinyane hlamba umngane wakho emanzini ase-soapy bese uphefa njalo. Ukulwa nemikhaza ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezinambuzane ("Fitoverm", "Neoron").
- Nematodes - Izibungu ezinambuzane ezithinta ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye zezinkomo. Kulezi zinambuzane kunzima ukuphulukisa. Inqubo yokwelapha ukusebenzisa isixazululo sika "Decaris" kumthamo okhonjisiwe. Imbali kumele isuswe futhi ibekwe egumbini elinokushisa okuphezulu.
