U-Elm, noma i-elm - isihlahla esikhulu esisihlahla esinomqhele obukhulu, Sibonakala sihle, sinika umthunzi omuhle futhi senziwe kalula, ngakho-ke sihlanganyele ekusebenzeni kwamadolobha namadolobhana. Itholakala emigwaqweni, emapaki, emigwaqeni nasemasimini asehlathini. Igama elithi "elm" livela kumaCelts lasendulo, okuthiwa lesi sihlahla "elm". Igama lesiRashiya elithi "elm" livela efonini elithi "linamathele", njengoba ngaphambili i-bast yayo yayisetshenziselwa ukugoqa, izimpondo neminye imikhiqizo. Ezinye zezinhlobo zawo zibizwa ngokuthi i-elm, i-birch bark, i-elm, i-ilmovik.
I-Ragweed
Lolu hlobo lwe-elm (emthini wesithombe namaqabunga) litholakala eYurophu, e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afrika eCaucasus. Isihlahla esinqabile ukuthi Uthanda izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, nakuba zikhula emthunzini. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kunama-20-25m, futhi ububanzi bomqhele buyi-10 m.
Ama-elms akhula ngokushesha futhi abekezelela izihlahla kahle. Kule ndaba, ingasetshenziswa njengelwandle. Futhi, umuthi ubheka omuhle entshoneni enhle, noma kuhlanganiswe nama-apula, wazizwa i-cherries, i-cherry bird ne-mountain ash.
Emagatsheni amnyama anamahlumela kukhona ukukhula kogogo. Amaqabunga akhulu, aphakanyisiwe, asheleleke phezulu, nangaphansi kwezinwele. Ehlobo amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ekwindla kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali ezincane, eziqoqwe ezinhlangothini, ziyaqhakaza kuze kuvele amaqabunga. Izithelo-nuts ngaphakathi kwezingonyama ze-lionfish.
Ibekezelela ukushisa okubandayo kanye nesomiso. Ezimweni ezinhle angaphila iminyaka engama-300. Rabbit Elm kuhle impilo. Inesakhiwo se-diuretic, i-antimicrobial, i-diuretic ne-astringent. I-Bark ivimbela ukumiswa kwe-cholesterol. I-decoction yayo ithatha ukushisa nezifo zesikhumba.
Kubalulekile! I-Elm grabber ithanda inhlabathi enomsoco, enomswakama. Ngakho-ke, ngokukhula okukhuthele, kufanele kuphuze futhi kukhule, isibonelo, nge-lime, enomphumela omuhle esihlahleni.
Smooth
U-Elm bushelelezi ubizwa ngokuthi i-elm ejwayelekile noma ekhululekile. Ikhula kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Wakhe ukuphakama - 25 m (ngezinye izikhathi ngamamitha angu-40), ububanzi bomqhele obanzi - 10-20 m. Isiqu somuthi siqondile futhi sinzima, kufika ku-1.5m ububanzi. Amagxolo amancane amahlumela abushelelezi, kubantu abadala aqinile, aqinile futhi aphuza amapulethi amancane. Amaqabunga amancane kakhulu (12 cm), i-ovoid, ekhomba, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu kanye nokukhanya okuluhlaza ngezansi.
Ekwindla, amahlamvu athola umbala obomvu obomvu. Izimbali zincane, zibomvu ezinezinti ezibomvu. Isithelo yi-lionfish eyindilinga ne-cilia emaphethelweni.
Uyazi? Izinkuni ze-elm azilimazi emanzini, ngakho-ke eNkathini Ephakathi eYurophu amapayipi amanzi ayenziwe ngamagquma ayo. Futhi kulo muthi kwenziwa izisekelo zeLondon yaseBondon yokuqala.
Elm bushelelezi inesimiso esiqinile sezimpande. Izihlahla ezingapheli zakha uhlobo lokusekela: izimpande zeplanki 30-50 cm phezulu phansi kwesiqu. Ukhula ngokushesha futhi uphila iminyaka engu-200-300 (ngezinye izikhathi eminyakeni engama-400). Ukulwa nesomiso, kodwa uthanda inhlabathi emanzi. Ukubekezelela kalula ukukhukhula kwesikhashana.
Inkuni elingu-hardwood elm wood is dense, eqinile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukusuka kuyo wenze ifenisha, izibhamu kanye nezinye imikhiqizo. Ngaphambilini, i-elm bark ebushelelezi yayisetshenziselwa ukwesula isikhumba, kanye ne-phloem yokudonsa izindophi, amathebhu nokwenza izindwangu zokugeza. Izinto eziwusizo eziqukethe i-elm bushelelezi, zinike izakhiwo zokuphulukisa: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, astringent kanye diuretic.
Kubalulekile! Emadolobheni, i-elm evamile iyadingeka, ngoba kunothuli oluthe xaxa emaqabeni ayo kunezinye izihlahla zasemadolobheni. Kutshalwe ukuvikela nokuqinisa imishayo nemifula.
Androsova
Loluhlobo lwe-elm alutholakali emvelweni. Ihlanganiswa ngokuhlakanipha futhi i-hybrid ye-squat ne-elm enamandla. Ukuphakama komuthi omdala kungamamitha angama-20. Umqhele wakhe unjengetende futhi unikeza umthunzi obukhulu. Amagxolo aphezulu. Amaqabunga afana namaqanda, asho.
Ikhula emhlabathini omanzi ngokulinganisela, kalula imelana nokuma. Ikhono lokunikeza amahlumela ohlangothini lwenza umuthi ube ngumqoqo othuli. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa ngokuqinile ukuhlwanyela emadolobheni. Lesi sitshalo kulula ukwenza futhi sibonakale sihle kakhulu, okwenza sithandeke ekwakhiweni kwezwe.
Umqhele we-elm ungasebenza "njengophahla" lwezinsuku zokuhlala ezinomthunzi - i-aconite, izinsimbi, i-buzulnik, i-aquilegia, i-rogers, i-host, i-fern, i-astilbe. Kusukela ezihlahleni kungatshala i-honeysuckle.
Okuqinile
Endalini yasendle kuyinto engavamile. Ikhula e-Asia Ephakathi. Lo muthi omude ukhula ufike kumamitha angu-30. Unomqhele omkhulu we-pyramidal, owenza umthunzi obukhulu. Amagxolo emagatsheni amancane aphuzi okwesibhakabhaka noma aphuzi, kudala - kumnyama. Amaqabunga amancane, ama-5-7 cm ubude, isikhumba esinamaqanda.
I-elm elincane - isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, ukumelana nesithwathwa, sibekezelela kalula isomiso, nakuba ithanda inhlabathi enomanzi. Ukumelana negesi kuyamsiza ukuba azizwe kahle ezimweni zentuthuko yasemadolobheni.
I-Bladed
Amanye amagama - i-elm split, noma intaba. Isakazwa eMpumalanga Asia, eMpumalanga Ekude, eJapane naseChina. Ikhula emahlathini amancane ahlanganisiwe. Itholakala emahlathini asentabeni ekuphakameni kuka-700-2200 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukukhula komuthi - 27 m.
Umbala wegxolo ungoboya obuhlaza futhi obunzima. Umqhele wendwangu - ububanzi, obunzima, obuningi. Amaqabunga amancane, akhomba phezulu, ngezinye izikhathi nge-lobes 3-5 ekhomba. Lesi sitshalo sikhuthazela umthunzi, iqhwa, umoya oqinile nentuthu yasemadolobheni.
I-Antagonistic
Igama lesibili yi-karagach peristovetvisty. Emvelo, itholakala eKazakhstan, eMpumalanga Ekude, eCentral naseMpumalanga Asia. Ikhula ezintabeni, inhlabathi, isihlabathi. Uthanda ilanga eliningi. Ungaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100. Ukuphakama - 15-25 m. Umqhele usakazeka, kodwa awunikeli isithunzi.
Amaqabunga amancane ahlelwe emigqeni engu-2 futhi adale umbono weqabunga elikhulu lezimpaphe, elinikezela igama lezi zinhlobo. Isitshalo se-Winter hardy, mahhala ukumelana nesomiso futhi uguqule kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Ikhula ngokushesha, kepha ifinyelela ekukhuleni kwayo okuphezulu kuphela endaweni yayo yemvelo: eningizimu, enhlabathini emanzi. Ukukhuthazela kalula izimo zasemadolobheni - asphalting, uthuli, smog. Kuyinto engakwazi ukuguqula futhi iyathandwa ekwakhiweni kwepaki.
UDavid
I-elm kaDavid iyisitshalo noma umuthi ophakeme ngamamitha angu-15. Amaqabunga aphilile, ama-ovate, ama-10 cm ubude no-5 cm ububanzi. Isithelo yi-lionfish eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inhlobo eyaziwa yi-elm yaseJapane. Kuvame eRussia, eMongolia, eChina, eJapane nasePeninsula yaseKorea.
Uyazi? I-elm ephila isikhathi eside, engaphezu kweminyaka engu-800 ubudala, ikhula eKorea.
Okuncane
Lezi zinhlobo zinamagama amaningi - i-elm, igxolo, i-karaich, i-coork elm, i-red elm, i-elm (isihlahla esithombeni). Indawo yokusabalalisa: i-Ukraine, iRussia, i-Asia Minor, i-Western Europe. Lihlala emahlathini ahlukumezekile futhi ahlanganisiwe, emanzini omfula futhi ephakeme ezintabeni.
Ukuphakama kwemithamo yesigodi kusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-30 m. Umqhele uphansi. Amaqabunga avulekile, i-obovate. Ukuphila iminyaka engaba ngu-400. I-Karagach ithanda izindawo ze-sunlit, ibekezelela kalula isomiso, kodwa hhayi kalula. Isici esiyingqayizivele - umuthi udala inetha elibanzi lemisuka yomhlaba.
Ngakho-ke, isihlalo sezulu siqiniswa futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokukhukhula. Ngakho-ke, i-elm yensimu ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukutshala izihlahla zasemadolobheni, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziselwa izindawo zokuhlala zasemaphandleni. Ukukhula kogogo kuvame ukutholakala emagatsheni, okwandisa ukubaluleka kwezinkuni njengezinto zokwakha.
Funda ubuqili bokutshala ezinye izihlahla zokuhlobisa: i-Norway holly, isihlahla sezindiza, i-oak ebomvu, i-catalpa, isihlahla sogwebhisi, i-maple ebomvu.
Izithelo ezinkulu
Ukuphila kwe-Ilm e-Eastern Russia, eMongolia, eChina nasePeninsula yaseKorea. Ngokuvamile ikhula emigodini yemifula, emithambekeni enokhuni futhi enezintambo. Kuyinto shrub noma umuthi omncane, okuphakama okuphezulu okungu-11 m, ngomqhele omkhulu wokusabalalisa. Amagxolo aphezulu, asundu noma aphuzi. Amaqabunga ayenkulu, ayenamabala, avuke phezulu, futhi ashelele kusuka ngezansi.
Umuthi ubizwa ngokuthi yizithelo zawo, i-big lion lionfish ewuhlobisa. Isitshalo esikhulu se-thermophilic. Lezi zinhlobo ze-elm zihluke ezihlotsheni zayo ngokumelene nokuqina kwesomiso. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswe ngokuqinile ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi yamakamelo, ama-pitch and slopes rocky.
Okubi
U-Elm, noma i-mountain elm, uvame kakhulu enyakatho yezwe: iYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia. Ikhula emahlathini amancane ahlanganisiwe. Ukuphakama kwe-elm kungama-30-40 m. Umqhele ujikelezile, ububanzi futhi bunzima. Amagxolo ashelelezi, asundu omnyama. Amahlamvu amakhulu (17 cm), i-ovoid, ngamaphethelo abukhali obukhali. Kusuka phezulu kunzima, futhi kusuka ekungezansi kwe-hairy.
Ikhula ngokushesha, iphila iminyaka engaba ngu-400. Inhlabathi idinga kakhulu: ithanda inhlabathi evundile futhi enomanzi, kodwa ayibekezelelisi saline. U-Elm ubekezelela ngokukhululekile isithwathwa, isomiso nokuphila komuzi. Izinkuni zinzima kakhulu futhi ziqinile. Benza ifenisha, izinto zokuhlobisa izinto zangaphakathi kanye nemishini yokulima.
Uyazi? Ukuhlukunyezwa kuka-Elm akuyesabi izimo ezimbi kakhulu: eNorway ingatholakala ngaphandle kwe-Arctic Circle, naseCaucasus - ezintabeni ekuphakameni kuka-1400 m.
I-American
Kusuka egameni kucacile ukuthi indawo yokuzalwa yalezi zinhlobo eNyakatho Melika, lapho isakazwa khona. EYurophu, leli elm lafakwa esikhathini sekhulu le-XVIII, kepha alizange lithandwe, njengoba izinhlobo zomdabu zinezici ezibaluleke kakhulu.
I-American Ilm ikhula emahlathini ogwini lomfula, kodwa ingatholakala ezindaweni ezomile. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo - 20-30 m, ngezinye izikhathi imitha engama-40. Umqhele ububanzi, u-cylindrical. Amagxolo asemakhanda alula kakhulu esikalini. Amaqabunga ahlangene, amaqanda-afakwe, ama-5-10 cm ubude. Isimo sezulu esihle sezulu. Ukulindela impilo iminyaka engu-200.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-elm ezinezici ezihlukene zikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe kahle isihlahla esifanelekile kumnyango wakho.
