Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga okungenani insimu eyodwa lapho izihlahla ze-apula zingeke zikhule khona. Uma ufuna kuphela ukwenza ingadi futhi ufuna ulwazi mayelana nezihlahla zezithelo ezingapheli, ngakho-ke sineluleka ukuba ucabange ukhetho lokutshala i-apula, "Ukudunyiswa Kwabalimi." Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithanda ukutshala abalimi be-amateur. Kungani Funda ngezansi mayelana nezici zokulinywa kwe-apula "Inkazimulo Kwabalandeli", incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, kanye nezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko nokungalungi.
Isihlahla se-Apple "Inkazimulo Kwabalandeli": incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
Ama-apula "Inkazimulo Kwabalimi" ziwela ezinhlokweni ezimbili: ihlobo noma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo izinhlobo, lesi sici sincike endaweni yokukhula kwesihlahla. Lesi sihlahla se-apula siphezulu kakhulu, umqhele walo ububanzi-phramidal nekhono eliphezulu lokubuyisela emuva.
Zijwayeze ngobuqili bokukhuphula ezinye izinhlobo zama-apula: i-Rozhdestvenskoe, i-Ural Bulk, iKrasa Sverdlovsk, i-Orlinka, i-Orlovim, i-Zvezdochka, i-Kandil Orlovsky, i-Ekranennaya, i-Antey, i-Antonovka , "I-Uralets", "i-safari ye-Pepin", "uMongameli", "i-Champion", "uBashkir Beauty", "i-Berkutovskoe".
Emithini emincane, amagatsha amakhulu akhula ngokuqondile, ngehora elibukhali, imiphetho iyaqondiswa phezulu. Ezitshalweni ezivuthiwe ezithe xaxa, zihlukanisa ezinhlangothini, zakha amagundane nezihlahla zezithelo. Isitshalo sabantu abadala sifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-2.5-3.5 m.
Amaqabunga alawa ma-apula ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka ane-tinge ephuzi, enomumo futhi elula. Isihlahla esihle kakhulu sibukeka ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Izimbali eziqhakazayo zibomvu ngokumhlophe, futhi amaqabunga abomvu.
Uyazi? Apple "Inkazimulo Kwabalandeli" yabonakala ngenxa yokuwela izinhlobo "Mac" ne "Papirovka". Unyaka wokubeletha - ngo-1928. Ababeletha uLevi Ro noPavel Tsekhmistrenko bawalethe emasimini e-Mlievsky esiteshini nasesiteshini sokuhlola esivinini kubo. UL. Michurina (namuhla - uL. P. Simirenko Institute of Pomology, iNational Academy of Agrarian Sciences (Ukraine).
Izici eziyinhloko zama-apula "Inkazimulo Kwabalindi" zihlanganisa izithelo ezinhle nezikhangayo ezikhangayo. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo ziyizungeze, ziyi-oblong-rounded shape; zitholakala zibuthakathaka zeconic engxenyeni engenhla, ezingenabuthi. Ngosayizi - enkulu nephakathi, isisindo se-apula eyodwa sifinyelela ku 125-180 g.
Ukunambitha - okumnandi nokumuncu, okulinganiselwe phakathi. Umbala wesithelo uhlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obomvu obomvu noma obomvu obomvu. Inyama iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-creamy, isikhumba sibushelelezi. Kungenxa yombala, i-juiciness kanye nephunga elimnandi lama-apula wezinhlobonhlobo ze "Izinkazimulo Kwabalandeli" ezidingekayo phakathi kwabalimi, abantu abavamile ezimakethe nakwezitolo ezinkulu.
Ukuvuna kuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Ekuqaleni kuvamile njalo, ngokuya ngesifunda sokukhula, imvamisa isethwe. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza: umuthi oneminyaka engu-7-8 uveza u-10-18 kg we-apula, umuthi we-apple oneminyaka engu-13-14 - 40-75 kg.
Kubalulekile! Njengoba izihlahla ze-apula "Ukudunyiswa Kwabalandeli" azizitholi (ngenxa yokuzivotela, kuphela u-4-8% wezithelo eziboshwe), kubalulekile ukutshala izihlahla zokuvundisa eduze. Ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula, isibonelo, u-Antonovka, uBorovinka, uMelba, Priam, Vadimovka, uzosiza ekuvundeni impova.
Izinzuzo nezimo ezihlukahlukene
Cabanga ngezinzuzo nezindleko zokuthi "Inkazimulo Kwabalindi". Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
- isivuno esihle;
- fruiting ozinzile;
- high ukumelana frost;
- ukuphikisana okuphakathi kwesikhumba se-powdery kanye ne-scab;
- ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokuthutha, ukuhlunga nokukhanga kwezithelo;
- isikhathi esihle sokuvuthwa (lapho izinhlobo zokuqala sezivele zine-otlodnosili, futhi ekwindla - kuphela esiteji sokuvuthwa).
Izinkinga zezinhlobonhlobo zingabalwa:
- ukubekezela komsofu ompofu;
- ukuqina komqhele njalo futhi okunzima (okudinga ukunakekelwa okungaphezulu lapho ushiya);
- ukugcina ubuthakathaka kwezithelo ezivuthiwe esihlahleni;
- ukuphila kwelanga elincane lesithelo (3-4 izinyanga esiqandisini, izinyanga ezingu-1-1.5 emiphongolweni);
- ukuzilimaza.
Indlela yokutshala i-apula
Ukuze uzuze isivuno esihle esihlahleni se-apula esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, udinga ukunakekelwa kokukhetha indawo yokutshala isihlahla nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi.
Lapho umuthi we-apula uzokukhula kahle, ukhethe indawo yomuthi
Apple tree - umuthi okhanyayoNgakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isayithi ukufika kwalo, lokhu kufanele kubhekiswe kuqala.
Uyazi? Izithelo ziyahlukahluka ngombala kuye ngokuthi inani lokukhanya liwa phezu kwabo. Ngakho, ama-apula anehlangothini elomvu azalwa ngamapula, ikakhulukazi emthunzini. Ukuze izihlahla ezikhula kakhulu ngaphansi kwelanga, izithelo zizobe zimibala ngokubomvu ngokubomvu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlamba umuthi, kungenzeka ukunciphisa okuqukethwe koshukela wama-apula kanye nokunciphisa isivuno. "Inkazimulo Kwabalindi" nayo ayithandi amanzi aphelile. Ngakho-ke, uma ensimini yakho kunezikhukhula, lezi zihlukahlukene kufanele zitshalwe enhlabathini ngamanzi noma ekuphakameni. Kumele uhlole izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, akufanele kube ngaphezulu kuka 2-2.5 m.
Ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi ngezinhlobo zama-apula "Inkazimulo kulabo abawinile"
Ukutshala i-apple loamy kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi nge-acidity neutral (pH 5.6-6.0) kufanelekile. Uma uhlela ukutshala lesi sithelo emhlabathini onesihlabathi, lokhu kungenzeka nge-fertilizer ejwayelekile.
Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo ze-apula
Izihlahla ze-Apple "Inkazimulo Kwabalindi" zingatshalalwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, futhi emva kokukhetha indawo okuzohlwanyela khona isihlahla, kuzodingeka uye khona ekukhethweni kwezithombo eziphezulu. Kunezidingo eziningana kubo: kumele babe nesimiso esiphakeme futhi siphile, isifo somuthi omile, ugxolo oluqinile, oluqinile.
Ukuphakama okufunayo kwesivuno kuyinto 1.5 m. Kufanele futhi abe namagatsha amaningana. Kungcono ukhethe izithombo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala - umuthi okhula kuwo uzoqala ukuthela izithelo ngaphambili. Kusukela ezitshalweni ezitshalwe ekwindla, wonke amahlamvu asuswa. Futhi wahlanza ama-90% amahlamvu emaqanda ane-rhizome engenalutho.
Izithombo ngokuvamile zithengiswa ngezimpande ezivulekile noma emapulazini. Lapha ukukhetha kwakho kuzoxhomeka ukuthi maduzane uhlela ukuwayeka kanjani. Uma kungenjalo ngokushesha, kungcono ukhethe okukhethwa kukho ebhodweni.
Umgodi wokufika ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili - okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kusengaphambili. Imingcele emihle: ububanzi nobude - 70 cm; ukujula - 1 m (kuye ngokuthi ubude bomsuka). Ohlangothini oluseningizimu ungabeka isigxobo se-garters yesitshalo esincane.
Inhlabathi evundile eneziqu eziphilayo ichitheka phansi emgodini, futhi umlotha noma i-humus ingaxubaniswa. Imbewu ishukunyiswa kahle emkhatsini womgodi, isakaze izimpande futhi igubungele inhlabathi, iqinisekise ukuthi izimpande azikugobi futhi intamo impande iqhuma 5-7 cm emhlabathini.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala i-apula esitsheni, akudingekile ukubhubhisa igumbi lobumba. Ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sizothola ngokushesha emkhakheni ovulekile.
Inhlabathi i-tamped kancane. Isihlahla sama-apula esitshalwe ngokushesha kufanele siphuze amanzi ngokusebenzisa ibhakede lamanzi. Ungasebenzisa i-mulching - utshani, i-peat noma i-humus. Uma izihlahla eziningana zitshalwe, ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe okungenani 4 m, phakathi kwemigqa - 3 m.
Indlela yokunakekela umuthi we-apula
Isitshalo esincane kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu sidinga ukuchelela njalo nokubhujiswa endaweni yempande yokhula. Izihlahla ezindala futhi ezinamandla zizodinga ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukufaka umquba, ukusika izihlahla, ukuvimbela izifo nezifo.
Ukunisela
Nakuba "Inkazimulo Kwabahlukumezi" ibekezelela kalula ukoma okungapheli, kubalulekile ukuvimbela umhlaba ukuthi ungabe usomile. Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-apula isanisela izikhathi ezingu-3-4 30-40 amalitha ngomgqomo ngamunye. Ngenkathi eyomile, umuthi kufanele uphuze izikhathi ezingu-5-6 ngezikhathi ezithile, usebenzisa amamitha angama-30-50 amanzi ngamapulangwe. Qinisekisa ukuhambisa umhlabathi:
- ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza;
- ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwama-ovaries;
- Izinsuku ezingu-15-20 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okugcwele.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
Ukuthi umuthi ukhula kahle futhi uveza izithelo, okuyiyo Kudinga ukukhulelwa njalo. I-nitrogen fertilizer yokuqala ingasetshenziswa phakathi no-May ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila (3 kg we-ammonium nitrate / 1 weave; 5 kg we-ammonium sulfate / 1 weave).
Ukugqoka kwesibili kwenziwa phakathi noJuni. Uma ngonyaka wokuqala ukuhlwanyela kukhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ngonyaka olandelayo kuyadingeka ukondla owodwa kuphela - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ukukhuthaza ukuzala, ukwethulwa kwe-nitrogen kuncishisiwe.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-phosphorus nosawoti we-potassium kwenziwa emiphongolweni ene-40 cm ejulile emjikelezweni we-trunk. Futhi sebenzisa umanyolo ophilayo ngendlela yomquba kanye nomquba.
Ukuze uvimbele izifo eminyakeni yokuqala, i-apula kufanele ihlungwe. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhakaza (ungasebenzisa ingxube ye "Aktara" no "Horus"), ngesikhathi sokuqhathaniswa ("Angio" no "Horus").
Ukunakekela inhlabathi kuhlanganisa ngezikhathi ezithile ukukhulula isihlahla somuthi (ngempela emva kokunisela), ukususa ukhula, ukumba umhlabathi ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa nokuhlanganiswa nama-humus, peat, umquba.
Ukwakheka komqhele
Izihlahla ezincane zakha umqhele okudingekayo ngonyaka. Kuphawula ukuthi izihlahla ze-apula enomqhele omelele kahle zihlukaniswa yi-fruiting zakuqala futhi eningi, ukuqina okukhulu kweqhwa nokuqina.
Ukusika okulungile kusiza ukuthola isivuno semfanelo. Kungenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Kubalulekile futhi ukufeza izihlahla zokuvuselela zemithi yama-apula endala.
Izihlahla zokuqala ezifomayo zenziwa ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila komuthi, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokukhula. Lapha kufanele uqaphele ngokucophelela ukuba ungaduli amagatsha athela izithelo.
Qinisekisa ukususa i-shoot vertical of the seedling - lokhu ngeke kuvumele ukuthi isihlahla sikhule masinyane ukuphakama futhi kuzokwenza ukuba kube khona amahlumela ahlangothini. Entwasahlobo, ukukhula konyaka odlule emagatsheni kunqunywa ku-1/3. Amagatsha aphansi, ikakhulukazi lawo alele phansi, angaphansi kwezihlahla ezidingekayo. Kumele futhi ube mncane ngaphandle kwe-ovary nezithelo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula "Inkazimulo Kwabalandeli"
Ukuze kuvuselelwe i-apula noma ukugcina ezihlukahlukene ezifayo, abalimi ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele baphenduke ekukhiqizeni umuthi. Isihlahla se-Apple sisakazwa ngezindlela ezine: inzalo, ukusika, ukubeka kanye namehlo. Ake sizame ukubona okulula nakancane okunzima, kuchaza inqubo ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.
Imbewu
Mhlawumbe inzima kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi yindlela imbewu, ngoba imbewu kufanele impova ngesandla - ukudlulisa impova kusuka komunye umuthi ukuya kwenye. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo yenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngabalimi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ngokuvamile ayisebenzi kusukela okokuqala.
Cuttings
Kulula kakhulu ukusabalalisa izihlahla ze-apple-tree, ezitholakala kubalimi abaningi. Ukuvuna ukusika kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhukhula sejusi, noma ekwindla, emva kokutshala. Zinqunywe ku-18-20 cm. Imifino isusiwe ezingxenyeni eziphansi.
Futhi uhlanza amaqabunga amaningi. Uma utshala, ama-cuttings awahlanganiswa kakhulu umhlaba - ngo-2-3 cm. Ukutshala kusetshenziswe njalo futhi kuhlanganiswe nama-humus. Ngesikhathi sehlobo, kufanele bakhule izithombo eziphezulu ezizofakwa endaweni engapheli.
Ukubeka
Ukuthola ukubeka kumele kudinga umuthi omncane, okuyiwona isetshenziswe ngaphambili. Entwasahlobo, lawo magatsha azothinta noma alale emhlabathini, ayafakwa emhlabathini noma ahlanganiswe ukudonsa phansi lonke ubude. Amahlumela, okumele akhule kusukela efihlekile, kuzodingeka ahlaziye izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sehlobo, bese izithombo ezinezimpande zizovela ekwindla. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, bayanqunywa futhi batshalwe endaweni evulekile endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukuze uthole ukufakwa kwezihlahla zama-apula omdala, sebenzisa indlela yokuqhuma umoya. Le ndlela ingaphansi kokusebenza okukhulu kunabo bonke abanye. Amagatsha athuthukile, akhula kakhulu akhethiwe kuwo. Ngesikhathi esingaba ngu-10 cm kusukela phezulu kwegatsha, i-ring bark ye-3 cm ububanzi iyakunqunywa, noma ukucutshungulwa kwe-oblique okungenalutho kwenziwa nxazonke zendawo.
Le ndawo iphathwa ngesidakamizwa ukugqugquzela ukubunjwa kwezimpande, isibonelo, "Kornevin". Bese uwubophe nge-moss nokugoqa eplastiki. Ungasebenzisa futhi ibhodlela lepulasitiki elincintisiwe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ehlelwe kahle kudubula. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, isithombo esinamasimu kufanele sitshalwe endaweni ewonakele, okumele ihlukaniswe nomuthi womama futhi ifakwe emgodini ovikelekile ebusika.
Ngamehlo
Uma zizalana ngamehlo emagqabeni e-rootstock ngommese, kwenziwa ukukhipha okufana no-T. Emaphethelweni emagxolo aphendukela ezinhlangothini kuze kube yilapho izinkuni zivezwa. Ingxenye ehlukaniswe ekunqunyweni kwe-varietal cuttings efakwe ekufakweni, lapho izinso ezinezingxenye zamagxolo kanye ne-petiole 1.5 cm ubude zikhona. Izingxenye ezigobile zegxolo zicindezeleke kakhulu ngokumelene nokusika okufakwe futhi zihlonywe ngomchamo omanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinso kufanele zihlale zivulekile.
Le nqubo ingcono kakhulu. ekuseni noma kusihlwa esimweni sezulu esingenamoya. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, hlola ukuthi iso liye labanjwa. Uma ihlanzekile futhi iluhlaza okombala, khona-ke inqubo yaphumelela.
Isihlahla se-Apple "Inkazimulo Kwabalandeli": ukulungiselela ubusika
Nakuba i-apula yesihlahla esiyizinhlobonhlobo kungokwezihlahla ezingabanjwanga ebusika, kufanele zilungele ubusika. Okokuqala, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kumbuthano oseduze. Lokhu kungenziwa ngosizo lwe-humus yamahhashi (ungqimba lwama-5 cm) noma i-peat.
Futhi, amagxolo emithi, ikakhulukazi amancane (kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu), kumele ivikelwe kumagundane nezinambuzane. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukugcoba, amanetha akhethekile, amagatsha ase-fir, nezinye izinto ezivumela ukungena emswakeni nomoya.
Uma ulawula ukutshala i-apula, "Ukuhlonipha Abahlukumezi", ngokulandela zonke izincomo zokutshala nokunakekelwa, kuzokujabulisa iminyaka eminingi ngokuvuna okukhululekile kwama-apula anamanzi, aphunga. Izithelo zawo azifaneleki nje kuphela efomini elisha, kodwa futhi kuhlobo olucutshungulwayo - ngesimo sejamu, i-compote, ijusi, i-jam.
