Mhlawumbe hhayi ingadi eyodwa ngaphandle kwesihlahla sama-apula ezindaweni zethu. Isiko asizithobeki ezimweni zesimo sezulu, hhayi ngokungaqondakali ekukhuleni, kodwa nokho umsebenzi wabalimi njalo ngonyaka uletha abalimi ngisho nezinhlobo ezinamandla ezinayo zonke izici ezinhle kakhulu.
Umlando wokuzala
I-Apple "Isikrini" - ezihlukahlukene ze-hybrid ukuvuthwa kwekwindla. Itholakala ngo-2002 ngenxa yokuvota kwezinto ezihlukahlukene "Yantar" yi-pollen ye "Gem", "Orange" kanye ne "Zvezdochka" izinhlobo.
Ubunikazi kanye ne-patent ye hybrid yiL. A. Kotov, ukuthuthukiswa kwenziwa esiteshini saseSverdlovsk.
Ngenxa yezici zayo, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zisakazeka ngokushesha emasimini ase-Urals nasezindaweni ezizungezile.
Kuvulelwe isimo sezulu esibucayi, sinokushisa okuhle kwebusika, sinethemba lokukhula ezindaweni ezinobusika obubandayo nasesimo sezulu esisezingeni eliphansi.
Izici eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene
"Isikrini" se-Apple sithole ukubuyekezwa okuhle phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur nabalimi - sizocubungula incazelo nencazelo yayo, ikhwalithi yamasiko.
Incazelo yomuthi
Umuthi uhlukaniswa ukukhula kwawo okusheshayo, amagxolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, namahlumela ashubile, amancane. I-Crohn ijikelezile, ihamba, ihamba ngokuqondile, hhayi amagatsha agqamile kakhulu, ukukhula kwamagatsha okuqondiswa kusuka esihlahleni phezulu.
Amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngesimo se-oval egcwele, enomphetho ogqamile. Amahlamvu a-opaque, atholakala kuma-petioles ende. I-lamina yonke ihlanganiswe nemithanjeni emincane (njengama-mesh) ane-vein central vein, ehlukanisa ngokucacile ishidi ngesigamu kanye.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Apple ezinambithekayo ezinomnandi nezomuncu zezithelo zensimu yakho: "Ukuqhafaza", "Bogatyr", "Semerenko", "Lobo", "Melba", "I-safari ye-Pepin", "Iphupho", "inselo yesiliva", "i-Orlik", i- " "Zhigulevskoe".
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo ze-apula-ifomu elinganayo elilinganayo, isayizi elijwayelekile: isisindo sishintsha kusuka ku-60 kuya ku-100 amagremu. I-glossy peel ehlanganiswe ne-touch ye-wax. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izithelo zibe ziphuzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala obomvu obomvu obomvu. I-Apple isici esihlukile - umswakalo ovuvukile obunombala obomvu. 
Inyama enemibala enemibala, enesisindo, enamanzi, esakhiwe kahle. Ukunambitheka kwama-apula amnandi namuncu ngephunga elimnandi. Enhliziyweni enkulu, ama-seed chamber avulekile, imbewu iyamnyama, incane.
Ukuvota
"Isikrini" sinezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-samobzpledny, i-pollinated ngokuphelele yizinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ezikhula eduze kwayo. Kuyafaneleka ama-pollinators kuzoba khona izinhlobo ezifanayo zekwindla: Oryol Striped, Scala, Uspenskoye, ne-Sun.
Isikhathi sokubeletha
I-apple ye-fruiting iqala unyaka wesihlanu wokuthuthukiswa, i-fruiting ijwayelekile. Izithelo zivuthwe ngo-Agasti-Septemba. Ungabheka ukuvuthwa ngokuphula isithelo ngesigamu: uma imbewu inombala omnyama, khona-ke i-apula iye yavuthwa.
Ukuthela
Izithelo ziphakeme kakhulu - ngokwesilinganiso, kufika ku-20 kg we-apula. Kusuka emthini omdala, ungahlwanyeli ngonyaka wokuqala, uqoqe kuze kube ngu-65 kg. Phakathi nokulima kwezilwane ezihlukahlukene, kunezigidi ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezithelo zazivunwa ngehektare ngalinye emapulazini. 
Ubusika obunzima
"Isikrini" simelana nesimo sezulu esibanda, ubuhlungu bubekezelela izinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni futhi kubuya amaqhwa.
Isicelo
Izithelo zigcinwe kahle, kodwa uma zivunyelwe ukuba zithwale ngokweqile, impilo yeshalofu izokwehla. Gcina isivuno endaweni ebandayo (i-cellar, i-balcony engathandi). Ngakho-ke, ingadliwa kabusha ebusika: impilo yeshalofu ezinyangeni ezinhlanu.
Izithelo zifanele ukucubungula: zenza ama-juice, ama-compotes, ama-jams futhi agcina.
Uyazi? Ezizweni ezihlukene, i-apula iyimpawu ehlukahlukene: phakathi kwamaqaba asendulo amaSlav, amaVikings namaCelts, liwuphawu lomusha oshayayo; e-China, uphawu lwe-appeasement; Ama-Scots nabantu base-Ireland basebenzisa izithelo zokubhula, futhi kuyi-heraldry kuwuphawu lokuthula olukhonjiswe ezingxenyeni eziningi zezikhali.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-apula "Isikrini"
Izinkinga zokutshala i-apula, cha. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, udinga ukuhlola isisindo, unqume amahlumela nezimpande ezonakalisiwe, cubungula tincetu ngelahle elichotshoziwe. Imfuneko eyinhloko yesithombo iyisimiso sempande enempilo kanye namafihlethi ahlala njalo.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Umuthi we-apula utshalwe entwasahlobo ngezinsuku ezinamafu nezipholile. Kodwa isikhathi esihle kakhulu ekwindla, kulokhu umuthi uzoqala ukukhula futhi uthuthuke ngokugcwele ngonyaka ozayo.
Ukukhetha indawo
Amasiko akazithobeki ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi, kodwa kungcono uma ivundile futhi engathathi hlangothi. Izindawo ezimbi - ezikhulayo izihlahla ezindala ezinezimpande ezijulile, zizokunciphisa isilwane ngokudla kanye nomswakama, eduze kwelanga. Indawo ukukhetha evulekile, hhayi ukujwayela ama-drafts.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Ukufika kwe-Autumn. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, bamba imbobo ukuze uhlabe umhlabathi. Ubukhulu bomgodi ngo-50x50 cm, gxila ubude bezimpande. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kweqabunga. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukufakwa kwesitsha kuzothatha ukwakha uhlelo lwempande, futhi ingxenye yendiza izobe iphumula kuze kufike entwasahlobo.
Ukuze ungavumi ukuphefumula okuphelile, ungafaki umanyolo phansi komgodi. Ukusekela isithombo, udinga ukushayela isikhonkwane esingamamitha amahlanu nengxenye ubude phansi kwegodi. Izimpande zomuthi omncane ziqondiswe, zibekwe phansi emgodini futhi zimbozwe umhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, intamo yempande iqhuma emaphethelweni emgodini, futhi inhlabathi ihlushwa ngokucophelela.
I-sapling iboshelwe isikhonkwane futhi kufanele iphuze, ngisho noma imvula. Ngemuva kokunisela, izwe lingaphumelela kakhulu: kufanele uthule inhlabathi. Ngasekupheleni kwebusika, ama-fertilizer amaminerali ahlakazekile emhlabathini - azolala ngaphansi kweqhwa kuze kube sehlobo, bese ehamba emifuleni ngamanzi aqhakazile, abondle. Ukufika kwe Spring okubonakala ukuthi umanyolo kufanele ubeke emgodini wokutshala, uma inhlabathi ingumuthi, i-wood ash iyongezwa. Njengomanyolo, ungasebenzisa i- "Universal Universal": ixubene nomhlabathi ovundile, ubeke umgodi phansi bese uphululela ibhakede lamanzi lapho.
Izithombo ziyancipha phansi, ziqondise izimpande, zimbozwe inhlabathi. Ngemuva kokuphelela - uma inhlabathi isubile, engeza okuningi. Insipho yentambo yesithombo iyagubha phezulu. Ukuvikela umuthi emoyeni, izikhonkwane ziqhutshwa embuthanweni.
Uyazi? Enkulumweni yobuKristu yesithelo esivinjelwe noma esilingayo, akuyona i-apula ekhulunywe ngayo, kuyisithelo nje esiqothulwe esihlahleni sasezulwini. Mhlawumbe ukubambisana ne-apple kwakungenxa yezinhlamvu zokukhuluma: ngesiLatin "malum" - "okubi" nethi "mālum" - "apula".
Izici zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukunakekela i-apula kuqala ngokutshala. Uma usitshala ngaphambi kobusika, ungakhohlwa ukufafaza umquba, ukuze entwasahlobo umuthi uzothatha izinto eziwusizo. Uma entwasahlobo - ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, i-trunk kufanele ichithe ubude bezinhlamvu ezimbili noma ezintathu, lokhu kuzokwenza amagatsha akhule ngokukhula. I-sapling nayo ilulaza amagatsha ase-lateral, kodwa kuphela uma ide kakhulu kune-stem ephakathi.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Entwasahlobo, ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngokungabi khona kwemvula, kanye ngesonto badlulisela ibhakede lamanzi inyanga nengxenye. Khona-ke ukuchelela kuncishisiwe kuya emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ekushiseni nesomiso, bathela amanzi kanye namaviki amabili amanzi.
Ngemuva kokunisela, umbuthano we-trunk ugcwele umquba: umquba, umquba obolile, i-biohumus, utshani noma utshani obomile bufakwa phezulu. 
Umlenze, okokuqala, uzoba indawo enhle kakhulu yemifino yemifino, ezokwenza umsebenzi ukuba ukhulule inhlabathi, futhi okwesibili, izovimbela ukukhula kokhula. Kusukela enhlabathini evulekile yesimiso se-apula, kulula ukukhipha umswakama, ukudla kanye ne-oxygen, ngakho-ke kufanele ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswe umculi. Ukhula luyakudinga ukulahla, ngakho-ke alugcini imbande ekhulayo enezakhi.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, kunconywa ukuthi uphefle umuthi omncane we-apula, kodwa lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa, lapho umsebenzi wezandla we-sola uyanqamuka - lokhu kuzosindisa amahlamvu kusuka ekushiseni.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngo-Ephreli, ukugqoka okokuqala kuqhutshwa: amabhakede amahlanu we-humus nehafu yengalo ka-urea ahlelwe esihlahleni esiseduze nesiqu njengendwangu. Ngemva kwenyanga, amaqabunga aphilisiwe ngesisombululo se-sodium humate (1 isipuni amalitha ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi): amalitha ayi-10 ngomuthi ngamunye.
Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali yenza lesi sikhambi:
- urea - 150 g;
- superphosphate - 250 g;
- potassium sulfate - 200 g;
- ugubungele ngamalitha angu-50 amanzi, gcizelela isonto.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa okufaneleko kokufaka umquba omuncu embuthanweni we-trunk: cishe 50-60 cm kufuze kukhishwe emuva kwesiqu.Ukudla okwesithathu emgqonyeni we-200 litre ngamanzi kunciphisa i-kilogram ye-nitrophoska kanye no-20 g we-sodium humate. Ukondla kwenziwa embuthaneni ozungeza isiqu, izinga lokugeleza liyi-30 amalitha ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Esikhathini sezulu, umanyolo usetshenziswa ngendlela emile.
Ngezinsuku zasehlobo ezishisayo, amaqabunga aphihliwe, enezela utshani emanzini.
Ukulwa nezifo nezinambuzane
Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kwenziwa izifo ze-fungal nezibungu zezibungu: izihlahla zifakwe ngesixazululo se-urea (700 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
Kubalulekile! Ukucubungula kufanele kwenziwe ngenkathi izinso zisesimweni esibi, kungenjalo isixazululo sizobashisa.
Ukwelashwa kwesibili kwezinambuzane kwenziwa emva kokuba izihlahla seziphelile. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-10% kwanoma yikuphi ukulungiselela ukubulala izinambuzane (Actellic, Karbofos). Izifo, izifo zokuvimbela zenziwa. amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi.
Ekwindla, emva kokuvuna, izihlahla zifakwe okwesithathu - nesisombululo sika-5% se-urea. Ukufafaza kudinga ukuba nesikhathi sokubamba ukuwa kweqabunga. Isixazululo sizovikela izifo kanye nezifo.
Ngokuba ukulawula izinambuzane ungadonsela izinyoni ensimini - uma unezinkumbi ezilenga unyaka nonyaka, izinyoni ngokwazo ziyokwazi lapho zikhona khona ukudla. Uma kunesidingo samalungiselelo akhethekile, lokhu okulandelayo kuzosiza ukulawula izinambuzane: "Benzofosat" ne "Karate Zeon" - zombili izidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sezimbali, njengoba ziphephile izinyosi.
Funda ukuthi ungayinqoba kanjani ama-aphid ehlasela isithelo sakho se-apula.
Ezihlukahlukene "Isikrini" ziphikisana nezifo eziningi, kufaka phakathi isikhumba, ngokuvamile esithinta izihlahla zezithelo. Kodwa ngesikhathi sezulu kunamanje kunengozi. Ukuvimbela kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo usebenzisa i-Bordeaux liquid, oxychloride yethusi noma i-copper sulfate. Ikhambi eliphumelelayo ngokumelene nezifo ze-fungal - isidakamizwa "Hom". 
Ukudubula
Sizoqonda uma udinga ukusika umuthi we-apula. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ukusika izihlahla zokuchitha izihlahla ngemuva kokufika, ukunciphisa amahlumela omzimba okwedlula i-trunk. Ngokomthetho wokusika izihlahla zenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ihlobo alinakunqunywa, ngoba phakathi nalesi sikhathi kukhona ukusakazwa okusebenzayo kwejusi ngaphakathi.
Amagatsha angama-thinner azothatha i-pruner, uma udinga ukusika amagatsha aqinile futhi aqinile - kungcono ukuthatha i-saw. Wonke amathuluzi kufanele ahlonishwe ngokujulile, ngaphandle kwalokho izingxenyeni zetekisi zizophulukisa isikhathi eside. Ukuze ukucubungula ukucubungula ukwenza ingadi var. Kumele wazi ukuthi amagatsha omile asetshenziselwa ukuphathwa ngokushesha, eqala kuqala nge-sulfate ne-lime (1:10). Amagatsha amancane aguquguqukayo asetshenziswa yi-barb ngosuku olulandelayo.
Emva kokusika izihlahla zokuqala, umuthi ungaphumula kusukela enkambini iminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Susa amahlumela kuphela awonakele. Kamuva, amagatsha anciphisa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu, okwenza umqhele: susa amagatsha okuphazamisa ukukhula kwamahlumela, okukhula ngaphakathi komqhele futhi uphume.
Kubalulekile! Ukusika izihlahla kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umuthi ufinyelele eminyakeni emihlanu. Isihlahla esinomqhele omisiwe asidingi izikhonkwane ezikusekelayo, futhi silungele ukuhluma.
Ukuvikelwa kwesibhakabhaka nesinduku
Ukuvikela ngokumelene nesithwathwa, umbuthano we-trunk uhlanganisa umquba: i-peat kanye ne-compost ezinxenyeni ezilinganayo. Izihlahla zemithi zihlanjululwa futhi zimbozwa amaqabunga e-spruce, ziboshwe ngokuqinile ukuze izinduku zingatholi lapho. Izinkuni zidinga ukuba ziboshwe kuze kube yilapho igxolo lomuthi likhuni kakhulu kangangokuthi alisekho ukwelashwa kwamagundane kanye nonogwaja.
Amagatsha angaphansi kwezihlahla zama-apula omdala smear isixazululo esilandelayo: 100 g wezinkuni glue, 0.5 kg we-sulphate yethusi, u-1 kg wobumba kanye no-3 kg we-lidrated lime - konke lokhu ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. 
Ebusika, kunconywa ukunyathelisa iqhwa embuthanweni bese uyisusa emagatsheni ukuze angaphuli ngaphansi kwesisindo salo.
"Isikrini" se-Apple sithole izibuyekezo ezinhle ezivela kubalimi, sitshalwe ngokulangazela, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Abalimi balubhalela ukumelana nezifo, isivuno esikhulu kanye nezici zokunambitheka kakhulu.
