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Ukholifulawa

Sihlwanyela ukholifulawa on izithombo

Ukutshala imifino efana nekholifulawa akulula kakhulu ezimweni zethu zezulu.

Kodwa-ke, ukwazi izici zokunakekelwa nokugcina wonke ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo bokutshala nokukhula, ungazijabulisa wena nabathandekayo ngeklabishi enhle kunazo zonke futhi enempilo.

Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zekholifulawa

Ukholifulawa ucebile amavithamini C, A, B, E, D, K, H, U kanye nezinto ezinjengama-amino acids, ama-carbohydrate, isitashi, i-fibre, i-pectin, ama-acids ephilayo, ushukela wemvelo, amaprotheni, i-polyunsaturated acids, i-biotin, i-purine compounds . Izinhlobo zekholifulawa ziyahlukahluka ngokuvuthwa. Umehluko ekuvuthweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ngasinye kungaba izinsuku ezingu-14.

Uyazi? U-Ibn Sina, owaziwa ngokuthi u-Avicenna, watusa ukuba adle imifino enempilo ngenkathi ebandayo njengendlela yokuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokukhuthazela komzimba.
Imigomo yokukhetha izinhlobo:
  • Kungcono ukuthola izinhlobo ezingavumelani nezimo zezulu ezimbi, ezingenakufika emanzini omhlabathi nomhlabathi.
  • Izinhlobonhlobo kumele zivimbele izinambuzane nezifo.
  • Ngokuya komphumela oyifunayo, izitshalo kufanele zikhethwe - ukuthola umkhiqizo ophezulu ovuthiwe (ngokuvamile izinhlobo ze-hybrid ziyasetshenziswa) noma kungenzeka ukukhethwa (izinhlobo ze-varietal zikhethiwe).
  • Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwezinhlobonhlobo kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu zendawo yokutshala. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezinemvula encane, epholile futhi egcwele ehlobo kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezingenakuzithoba zokuvuthwa kokuqala. Futhi ezindaweni ezingeningizimu kungenzeka ukuba ukhule okungenasisekelo, kodwa izinhlobo ezinomsoco nezinambitheka zokuvuthwa okuphakathi nokuphuza kweklabishi.
Iklabishi ithinta izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo - Iklabishi yaseCala, iklabishi omhlophe, i-broccoli, amahlumela aseBrussels, pak choi, eSavoy, kohlrabi, ePeking.
Isiko semifino sihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:

  • Ukukhula kokuqala - izinhlobo, izinhloko ezivuthiwe zazo ezakhiwa ngezinsuku ezingu 90 emva kokutshala imbewu. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwe-Ultra kakade ngosuku lwama-55-65 emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ukuqoqwa kwezinhlamvu zembewu kungenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-170 kuya ku-205. Kuleli qembu ungathola izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kanye nendimbi: "I-Snowball", "Bolero", "i-Gribovskaya 1355 yokuqala", "Isiqinisekiso", "i-Dachnitsa", "Express", inhlamvu "Movir 74", "Malimba F1", "Alabaster" F1 "," Boldo F1 ".
  • Phakathi nonyaka - ube nesikhathi eside sokuvuthwa, kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-130. Lesi sici sithinta ukwanda kwesikhala sempilo yesitshalo. Ukuvuthwa kwembewu kutholakala kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-205. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa okujwayelekile zihlanganisa: "Ubuhle obumhlophe", "Bora", "Bravo", "Okumangalisayo kwe-Autumn", "Flora Blanca", "eParis", "Mid-season Fargo", "Ondine", "Pioneer", "Patriotic" , ama-hybrid "Classic F1", "Chambord F1".
  • Ukuvuthwa kwesikhashana - izinhlobo zokuvuthwa izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-130 nokuthola ukuthandwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni, kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwesitshalo ngokutshalwa kokushisa. Ukuvuthwa kwembewu kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-220. Inzuzo engafanelekiyo yezinhlobo zekwephuzile - ekuvuneni kwabo, ubukhulu bezinhloko kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokugcina yesitshalo. Amafomu ama hybrid asekhulile: "Amerigo F1", "Cortez F1", "Fortrose F1", "Skywalker F1".
  • Izinhlobo ezingavamile kanye nenzalo - Abazalisi banamuhla benza izinhlobo zekholifulawa zemibala engavamile nokuma. Ama-varietal kanye nama-hybrid specimens anama-pink orange kanye nama-violet inflorescences asevele aphethwe. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala ezivuthiwe - "I-Graffiti F1" (obomvu), "i-Rosamund" (umbala ogqamile we-lilac), "i-Emerald goblet" (i-inflorescences e-salad-eluhlaza). Mid-season - Yarik F1 (orange), i-Veronica F1 (i-inflorescences ephuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ukuhlukahluka okuphakathi kwesikhathi - "Sicily" (kunamakhanda amnyama amnyama).

Uyazi? Homeland ukholifulawa - Syria. Ukusuka lapho, imifino yafika esiqhingini saseKrethe, yabe isiya eFrance naseHolland. Ngekhulu le-XIV, imbewu yeklabishi yafika e-Italy, futhi ngekhulu le-XVII, abaseBrithani bakwazi ukujabulela ukunambitheka kwayo. Amasiko alethwe eRussia ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaCatherine the Great, futhi kuphela abamele amakilasi aphezulu abasebenzisa ekudleni kwabo. Namuhla, ikholifulawa isetshenziselwa yonke indawo - lolu hlobo lwesibili oluthandwa kakhulu iklabishi emva klabishi.

Lapho ukutshala

Izinketho uma uhlwanyela ukholifulawa on izithombo kukhona eziningana:

  • Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala kuhlwanyelwe ngoMashi 15-22, ngokuqhubekela phambili emhlabathini ezinsukwini ezingu-30-55.
  • Izinhlobo ze-Mid-season etshalwe ngoMashi 30 - Apreli 12 futhi watshala emhlabathini emva kwezinsuku ezingu-35-45.
  • Izimo ezedlule ezikude qhubeka uhlwanyela ngo-Ephreli 25 - Meyi 12 ngehla ezinsukwini ezingu-30-40.
  • Izinhlobo ezizayo, izitshalo ezivunwa ekwindla, zihlwanyelwe ngoJuni 5-17 futhi zatshala emhlabathini ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu 32-35.
Ngendlela engenambewu, imbewu ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini evulekile ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, lapho umhlaba ufinyelela ekushiseni kuka-5 ° C. Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu iklabishi engenambewu yi "Amethyst", "Fortados", "Maliba", "Ukuphelela okumhlophe".

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu

Imbewu yokutshala i-cauliflower yokuqala ngoba izithombo ziqala ngokulungiselela amathangi enhlabathi nokutshala.

Amandla kanye nomhlabathi wokutshala

Izithombo zekholifulawa ezinhle zikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

  • evamile (ngokutshala emabhokisini amakhulu noma kubamba ukushisa);
  • ebhodini (ukutshala izimbiza noma amakhasethi).
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile kakhulu, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lendabuko lubuthakathaka. Kule ndaba, ubuchwepheshe bebhodlela busebenza kahle. Izindlela ezixubile zibuye zivame kakhulu futhi ziqukethe imbewu yokutshala emabhokisini bese usebenzisa izimbiza ze-peat zokukhetha.

Ukutshala izithombo kumakhasethi kusiza inqubo yokukholafulawa okukhulayo - ukukhetha, ukucubungula izitshalo nokuphuza.

Zonke izinhlobo ze-peat zifanelekile ukulungiselela inhlabathi. Ihlanganiswa kahle ne-oksijeni, ayihlanganisi futhi ithatha umswakama ngokuphelele. Uma usebenzisa i-pearl ephansi, engeza i-1/3 ye-sawdust. Okulandelayo, ingxube ye-peat kumele isetshenziswe amahora angu-2 futhi yengeze i-nitrogen fertilizer (urea, ammonium nitrate noma umquba omuncu) kuyo. Ukwengeza, amalitha ayi-10 enhlabathi kufanele enze:

  • imifino enzima 50-70 g;
  • ufulawa wama dolorite 300-450 g;
  • izinkuni ngomlilo 1 indebe.
Sichitha inhlabathi ngokusebenzisa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Amakhono okutshala kumele agcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yokutshala, hhayi ukugcwalisa u-1.5 cm ububanzi, bese uthele.

Ubuchwepheshe beSeeding

Ukulungiselela imbewu kuhilela ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ezinkulu; lokhu kwandisa isivuno se-cauliflower ngo-30%. Okulandelayo, impahla yokutshala kufanele ishiywe emanzini ashisayo (kufika ku-50 ° C) imizuzu engu-20, ikhuphule masinyane futhi iphathwe nesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, i-formalin noma i-garlic juice, ishiya imbewu ye-disinfection amahora amaningana.

Futhi, imbewu nezithombo zingagxila ekukhuthazeni ukukhula - iKornevine, Energene, Korneroste, Izithombo, i-Hetero-auxin, Epiné.
Izwe emathangi okufika kufanele ahlelwe kahle. Ukuhlwanyela i-cauliflower ngezitshalo kwenzeka ngokufaka imbewu enhlabathini ngamakhilomitha angama-1. Okulandelayo, ubuso buhlanganiswe ngothusi noma umhlabathi obhalwe nge-calcined futhi uhambise kahle umhlabathi ngesibhamu sophethi. Ukudala izimo zokushisa ezitshalweni zezitshalo, zidinga ukumboza nge-plastic plastic noma ingilazi nendawo endaweni efudumele. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 izithombo zokuqala zizovela.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

Amahlumela ahlumekile kufanele asuse indawo yokushisa futhi ashukuthele endaweni epholile (engekho ngaphezu kwe-10 ° C). Izithombo ezincane zekholifulawa lapho sezikhulile ekhaya zivame ukufakwa kwi-sill window. Ukuguquka okubukhali ekushiseni nasekukhanyeni kuyomisa ukukhula okuningi kwezitshalo, kanti izithombo ngeke zithele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-5, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele likhule lifike ku-15 ° C.

Kubalulekile! Uma izithombo zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwe-20 ° C, izimbali eziklabishi ikhamera zizolahlekelwa yizinga eliphezulu.
Ukuze ulondoloze uhlelo olufanele lokushisa, kungcono ukuthatha izithombo ku-veranda, ibhaluni noma ukushisa okushisa.

Ukuze ugweme ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokulimaza izithombo, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza ukusilela nge-sprayer. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zokulwa nesifo sezithombo zomnyama omnyama zenziwa ngendlela yokwengezwa kwamafungicides emanzini okunisela - Bactovita, Fundazole noma Fitosporina.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-fungal kungavinjelwa ngokugwema ukuxubha ngokweqile komhlaba, ikakhulukazi emazingeni aphansi okushisa emoyeni. Uma kwenzeka izibonakaliso zokuqala zezifo, izitshalo ezinama-drooping, izitshalo ezithathelwanayo, kanye ne-clod earthy, kuzodingeka zisuswe, kanti izithombo ezisele ziphathwe ngezidakamizwa ze-antifungal futhi zinciphise inani lamanzi. Akuyona i-superfluous iyofafaza amahlumela ngamapulangwe ash.

Kubalulekile! Izinsuku eziyishumi emva kokuvela kwezithombo ezivela emhlabathini kudingeka zithole izitshalo. Izitshalo ezengeziwe ezivuthiwe zihlushwa ukufakelwa kwesitshalo kanye nokulimala ohlelweni lwempande, zithathe izimpande ezimbi futhi zithuthuke kabi.
Ukutshala izithombo zidinga, ukuwaphonsa phansi emagqabini e-cotyledon. Emva kokukhetha, ikholifulawa kufanele ihlanganiswe ngomlotha.

Uma izithombo ezikhulayo kufanele ziqaphele umanyolo wayo:

  • ukudla kokuqala ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamapheshana amabili kwenziwa ngokupuniza iklabishi ngezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi;
  • isigaba sesibili somanyolo eyenziwa ukuvimbela izifo ngesisombululo se-boric acid (0.2 g) ne-sulphate yethusi (1.15 g);
  • ukugqoka kwesithathu kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba lukhuni ngokusifiphaza isihlahla ngasinye nge-20 ml yesisombululo esine-1 isipuni se-potassium sulfate, isipuni esingu-1 se-urea nama-10 amalitha amanzi.

Ukufunda nokulungiselela imibhede

Kuphela umhlaba ovulekile futhi onomsoco ozovulela ithuba lokukhulisa imifino enhle yekhwalithi. Inhlabathi kumele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ekwindla, emva kokumba, kubalulekile ukutshala umhlaba nge humus noma umquba (10 kg umanyolo per 1 sq. M inhlabathi). Ukukhululeka kufanele kube okujulile, futhi umanyolo ugcwele - kuzoletha isivuno esihle esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphandle kwama-organic fertilizer, i-cauliflower kufanele inikezwe ngamaminerali:

  • superphosphate;
  • i-potassium;
  • ukhuni lomlotha.
Ukulungiswa kwe-boron, okwenziwe ngaphansi kokumba, kuzofaka isandla ekubunjweni kwe-inflorescences enkulu yeklabishi.

Ukunciphisa inhlabathi ebusika kuyosiza ekubhubhiseni izinambuzane, ngakho-ke umhlaba awudingi ukuchithwa.

Uma kwakungenakwenzeka ukufeza ekwindla, ngesisekelo samamitha ayisishiyagalolunye emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwenkathi, okulandelayo kufanele kufakwe emhlabathini:

  • i-humus (3-5 kg);
  • i-magnesium sulphate (20-30 g);
  • urea (100 g);
  • i-boric acid (120 g);
  • superphosphate kabili (100 g);
  • usawoti we-potassium (120 g);
  • umlotha okhuni (1.5 kg).
Ngaphansi kwezithombo kudingekile ukwakha izimbobo ezincane ngokujulile kunokuphakama kwezimbiza ze-peat, engeza umlotha omncane kubo.

Ukutshala izithombo

Kudingekile ukubeka ukholifulawa oyedwa ebangeni elilingene kakhulu kusuka komunye nomunye - okungenani amasentimitha angu-25. Ububanzi bemigqa kufanele kube okungenani amasentimitha angu-70. Ukutshala izinhlobo eziphuthumayo ezikhiqizwa kude namamitha angu-10 ezivela esihlahleni ngasinye, kokubili ubude nobubanzi.

Kubalulekile! Kunconywa ukutshala ama-cauliflower emhlabathini ntambama, uzama ukulimaza uhlelo lwempande ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Izithombo kufanele zijule emhlabathini emaqabeni okuqala kanye nomhlaba ohlangene kahle womhlaba. Khona-ke izitshalo kumele ziphuze kakhulu.

Kunconywa izinhlahla ezincane ukumboza nge-plastic plastic or spunbond kuze iklabishi isuke igxile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-cruciferous nokuvikela izitshalo ezincane ekushiseni kwelanga.

Ngosuku lwama-20 emva kokutshala izihlahla ezidingekayo ukupaka. Cishe izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kwalokhu, ukukhwela kwesibili kungenziwa. Emasontweni amathathu emva kokutshala, izithombo zidinga ukondla. Ukwenza lokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo se-mullein ngesilinganiso se-1 ingxenye yensiza kuya ezingxenyeni ezingu-20 zamanzi. Ungafaka isikhathi sesibili emva kwamasonto amabili ngokungeza isipuni esisodwa se- "Crystallin" emanzini amaningi. Ukudla okwesithathu kwenziwa ngenyanga besebenzisa isisombululo sama-5 amalitha amanzi kanye nepuni elilodwa le "Nitrophoska".

Njengoba ufunde inqubo elula yokuhlwanyela ukholifulawa nokunakekela izithombo zawo, nakanjani uyovuzwa ngesivuno esihlwabusayo, esivuzayo nesivulekile.

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