I-Levka noma i-mattiola - enhle kakhulu, isitshalo esiphambukayo esinezimbali ezinomnandi omuhle. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imibhede yepaki kanye nama-cottages ehlobo, kodwa embizeni ebhodini le mbali ibukeka icacile futhi ifanelekile, okuyinto engeyona into yesitshalo njalo. I-Mattiola ibilokhu ihlonishwa abalimi bezimbali ngenxa yezinhlanzi zayo ezinhle neziluhlaza zezimbali ezinamakhaza, kanye nephunga elimnandi elithandayo.
Izimo zokukhula kwe-mattioli (kwesobunxele)
- Ilanga
- Ukunisela
- Ukungena emoyeni
Esikhathini esidlule, uMattiola washaya kuphela imbali yensimu, futhi abaningi banesithakazelo: "Kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule i-Levkoy ebhodini?".
Impendulo iwukuthi - ungakwazi, ngoba manje kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokuhlobisa, ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukushintshaniswa kwegesi esebenzayo futhi sesaba ukungcola ngokweqile.
Konke mayelana nokuphakama okukhulu kwehlathi, okudinga umoya omuhle, ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kwezinambuzane kanye nezifo ezifakwe emangcwabeni, okungafani nokugcoba nomswakama. 
Kodwa-ke, ekhaya ekuthengeni kwenhlabathi oyinyumba uLevka akasoze yathinta noma yiziphi izifo. Zonke izincomo zokuvimbela izifo zihlobene ikakhulukazi nezinhlobo zegadi.
Ebaleni ungakhula i-gladiolus, i-clove, i-dumping, i-dill, i-peas elimnandi, i-coriander, i-savory, ukhukhamba kanye notamatisi.
Ukufika ekhaya
I-Levka izoba ngokushesha umhlobiso omuhle womklamo wakho noma umthamo, uma ulandela izidingo ezilula zokutshala nokunakekelwa.
Okokuqala kudingeka uthathe isinqumo endaweni lapho ibhodlela lizohlala khona, bese uthatha umthamo wesitshalo sobukhulu obufunayo nezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi into enzima kakhulu ukukhetha ezihlukahlukene ezifunwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. 
Uyazi? Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa amaRoma asekuqaleni ayakwazisa ubuhle kanye nephunga elimnandi lalezi zimbali futhi wasebenzisa ukuhlobisa amahholo edili ne-opochivalen.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
I-Mattiola ikhulile kusuka kumbewu evunwa emakhadini omisiwe maphakathi nekwindla. Imbewu yesobunxele inomumo ojikelezayo futhi ufike 2.5-3 mm. ngobubanzi, emaphethelweni anomngcele omhlophe.
Umbala wezimbewu uhluka kusuka kumnqumo omnyama ube mnyama, futhi ungabathenga kunoma isiphi isitolo esikhethekile noma nge-Intanethi.
Inqubo yokulungiselela imbewu yokutshala imbewu kufaka izigaba ezimbili:
- Soak. Ukugubha kunemisebenzi emibili: ukukhushulwa kokukhula nokucwiliswa. Amanzi kahle akhuthaza ukukhula futhi asize isitshalo sesikhathi esizayo ukuba siphume ngokusebenzisa igobolondo elinzima. Ukuze izithombo ezingcono, imbewu ifakwe emanzini afudumele cishe usuku, ukuvuvukala. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, inqubo ye-seed disinfection yenziwa, ngoba izinhlamvu ze-fungi nezinye izifo ezifuywayo zingatholakali nje enhlabathini, kodwa nakumbewu. Isikhunta asinayo imifino eyomile, ngoba lesi sidingo sidinga izimo ezihle zokuthuthukiswa kwazo, okuyinto ngeshwa ngokuvamile evumelana nezimo ezihle zokukhula kwenzalo nokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ukuze uthole ukungenwa yinkinga, ungasebenzisa isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (esingekho pink) noma soda ngesilinganiso se-1 tbsp. l soda ngelitha ngalinye lamanzi.
- I-Stratification. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Stratification kuyisibonelo sokubambisa kwezimo zasebusika, okuyilapho kukhula ukukhula kombungu ngaphakathi kwegobolondo futhi ibhola eliqinile lombhobho libhujiswa ngaphansi kwethonya lokubandayo kanye nomswakama. Emva kokuhamba, imbewu isakazwa ngesisekelo samanzi (indaba, ukotini, i-wood substrate noma i-vermiculite) futhi ifakwe esiqandisini izinsuku ezingu-4-6. Kubalulekile ukusabalalisa imbewu ngendlela emanzi ngokulinganayo, ukugwema ukuchithwa nokugqanyiswa kwembewu komunye nomunye. Kusukela ngosuku lwesithathu, kunconywa ukugcina izithombo ezizayo, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhluma kokuqala nokubunjwa.
Ukukhethwa kwamandla nomhlabathi wokutshala
Amandla. Imbewu ehlumayo ye-lewkoy itshalwe ezitsheni noma amakhasethi akhethekile kanye namathreyidi for izithombo. Futhi ngalezi zinhloso, ngezinye izikhathi usebenzisa izinkomishi ezilahlayo, kodwa unikezwe izici zokunakekela izithombo, iziqukathi namateyipu kuzoba lula kakhulu. 
Ukuzikhethela kungenziwa ngokuthandwa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo. Into enjalo ayitholakali ukuthi itholakale ekhaya kumlimi we-novice, kodwa ayibizi kakhulu, kodwa elula kakhulu futhi eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe.
Umhlaba I-Levkos inomuzwa omuhle emhlabathini ovundile, ocebileyo, ngakho inhlabathi emnyama iyoba yinto engcono kunazo zonke, kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi ne-loamy.
Kodwa uma sikhuluma ngezithombo, khona-ke ungakwazi ukuthenga i-substrate ekhethekile yokuhluma imbewu. Imhlabathi enamandla futhi enamandla ene-clayy ngeke isebenze nhlobo.
Ubuchwepheshe beSeeding
Imbewu ifinyelela enhlabathini enomanzi olungiselelwe noma i-substrate ekhethekile ekujuleni okungaba ngu-0.5 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwembewu kufanele libe okungenani 1.5 cm, ukuze amahlumela angaphazamisi omunye nomunye.
Akufanele ukhathazeke ngokuthi yikuphi uhlangothi lokufaka isitshalo esilahlwe phansi - kungcono ngokuqinisekile uzothola ukufinyelela phezulu.
Emva kokubeka imbewu emhlabathini, isitsha noma ikhasethi yezithombo ihlanganiswe nokugqoka eplastiki (yilapho ukushisa okuncane kusebenza khona) futhi kufakwe endaweni emnyama izinsuku ezingu-4-6. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi ayiketshezi. Ngokuyinhloko, emva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, amahlumela aqala ukuchitha phezu komhlaba, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo ithatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-14-15.
Uma isikhathi sokuhluma sibambezeleka isikhathi esinjalo, kunconywa ukuhlola umswakama womhlabathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuwuthambisa.
Imithetho yokunakekela izithombo
Kubalulekile! I-Levkoy idinga ukuba itshalwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi noma maphakathi no-Ephreli, njengoba imbali izwela futhi incike ekushiseni kwezinga lokushisa. Isibonelo, izithombo zisezingeni lokushisa elihle - 12-13 ° C.Esikhathini sokuqala ukuhluma ekutshaleni embizeni ehlala njalo, izithombo nazo zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ngokushesha nje lapho amahlumela esebenza emhlabathini, kuyadingeka ukuba ufake ngokushesha isitsha ngezithombo endaweni ekhanyisiwe bese ususa ifilimu.
Okufanelekile, ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, ukuze izinga lokushisa ebhodini noma i-veranda, lapho isitsha sinikezwa khona, akudluli ku-12-13 ° C. Kusukela kuzitshalo udinga ukususa ifilimu noma uvula isembozo se-greenhouse, kuye ngokuthi yini oyisebenzisayo. 
Kusukela lapho izithombo zikhishwa elangeni bese zihamba, okungenani amasonto amabili kumele adlule, lapho izithombo ziyoqina khona futhi uhlelo lwazo lwempande luyokwakhiwa ngokwanele ukubhekana nokulimala okungenakugwenywa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, izithombo zihamba ngeziqukathi ezihlukene, uma isitsha, futhi uma izithombo zisemakhasethi akhethekile, le nqubo ayenziwanga. Ngemva kwesonto, ungafakwa endaweni yokupheka.
Ukufaka umquba wokuqala ngamaminerali amaminerali kwenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho amaqabunga amabili aqinile avela ezitshalweni.
Ukufika okulandelayo ekumbizeni nasekunakekeleni
Ngemuva kokuba ama-mattiol amancane abe namandla, zibafake ezimbizeni, futhi ukunakekelwa kwabo okuqhubekayo kuyoba kuphela ekutheni nasekudleni kwonyaka.
Intsha nabantu abadala abakuthandi ekunakekeleni. Zibekezelelwe kahle ngokushintshashintsha okubukhali kokushisa ngisho namaqhwa amancane. kuya -5 ° C. 
Ubungako bebhodini lingakhethwa ngokuthanda begodu kuye ngokuthi ulungise izithombo ezinengi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ishidi ngalinye le-aphiko elincane elikhulayo kufanele libe no-8 cm². Lesi sitshalo singahlwanyelwa futhi sinyene, ngaphansi kokusakaza umoya omuhle.
Kubalulekile! Akudingekile ukutshala zonke izithombo ezihlumekile. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwembiza kungcono ukhethe izitshalo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Uma ushiya konke, izitshalo ezinamandla zizocindezela ababuthakathaka, okuzobe kube buthakathaka futhi bubi, kuphela ukuze kuthunjiswe isihlahla.Ukutshala izitshalo kwenziwa ngendlela evamile.: Njengoba kunomhlaba omncane ngangokunokwenzeka, impande yesitshalo esincane isuswe emakhazeni okwesikhashana, emva kwalokho ingcwatshwa enhlabathini entsha, ekuqedeni okulungiselelwe ngaphambilini.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa kwezitshalo, isendlalelo esingaphansi komhlaba kufanele iphoqelelwe kancane (kodwa hhayi ngokuqinile!) Ukuze ulungise kahle ingxenye engenhla ye-mattiola kahle.
Ukuphuza kwesokunxele ebhaleni
U-Levka uyakuthanda umswakama futhi udinga ukuchelela njalo emvamisa izikhathi eziphindwe kabili ngesonto. 
Kubalulekile ukucabangela izimo zesimo sezulu kanye nesilinganiso sokumiswa kwenhlabathi - lokhu kumele kube yikhombisi esemqoka yemvamisa yokunisela. Ukunisela kumele kufakwe amanzi ngokushisa ekamelweni.
Umanyolo nokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
I-Mattiol ayikwazi ukukhiqizwa ngokungahleliwe. Ngezikhathi ezehlukene zonyaka okhulayo, lesi sitshalo sidinga umanyolo ohlukene wezinto eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali futhi leli qiniso alinakunakwa.
Umhlabathi awukwazi ukutshala ngaphambi kokutshala, ikakhulukazi umanyolo wamaminerali asetshenziselwa le mbali, uma unquma ukusebenzisa umquba, qiniseka ukuthi uvuthiwe ngokwanele, ngaphandle kwalokho kungase kube nemiphumela emibi. 
Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, umanyolo onomthamo ophezulu we-potassium ne-phosphorus usetshenzisiwe, kanti phakathi nenkathi yokukhula okusebenzayo nokuhluma, izithombo zomquba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinconywayo ziyanconywa.
Uyazi? Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa ngakwesobunxele kungomndeni ofanayo neklabishi omhlophe owaziwayo sonke esiyaziyo, futhi izincwadi eziningi ezikhulayo zeklabishi ziyasebenza ku-mattiola.Uma uhlakulela emhlabathini ovulekile, kunconywa ukuthi ukhulule futhi ukhulule ukhula emhlabathini lapho izitshalo ezikhulayo zikhula khona. Izinyathelo ezinjalo azidingeki uma zikhulile ezimpotsheni zezimbali.
Okuncane mayelana nezifo nezinambuzane zembali
Okuyingozi kakhulu Isifo se-bay - crucifa crucilla. Lesi sifo senza i-fungus ephazamisa i-rhizome yesitshalo, ngemva kwalokho iholela ekutheni yonke uhlelo lwempande futhi, ngokufanayo, ukufa kwesitshalo. 
I-Kila yilona isifo sabo bonke amalungu omndeni weklabishi, yingakho kungasetshenzisiwe ukutshala ngakwesobunxele kumasayithi asetshenziswe ngaphambilini ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo ze-cruciferous.
- Izimpawu. Lesi sifo sibonakala kokubili ezimpandeni nasengxenyeni engenhla yesitshalo: ukukhula kwezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene kuvela ezimpandeni, futhi iziqu kanye namashidi embali zimbozwe ukuvuvukala okumhlophe. Futhi, izimpawu zingabonwa kuphela ezimpandeni zezitshalo.
- Ukwelapha. Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwama-keel - ukuvimbela inhlabathi. Ukuze uthole imiphumela esheshayo, kusetshenziswe i-fungicides ye-antifungal, isibonelo, i-Fundazim. Ngendlela, kufanelekile ukwelashwa izithombo ezithintekile kakade. Izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko zibandakanya ukutshala izitshalo zomndeni we-nightshade endle ethintekile, okuyiyona nkathi yokuqala isusa izinhlamvu zefungus emhlabathini. Uma imbali ishaywa kanzima, iguzwa futhi isuswe kanye nenhlabathi encane ejikeleze i-rhizome. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokukhuphuka kwebhodlela, amathuba okutheleleka nge-keel ayilutho neze.
Umsundu omnyama nomuthi we-artifical. Ibuye isifo sefungal, esathuthuka ngemuva komswakama ngokweqile, ukuqhuma kwemoya embi nokushisa okuphansi.- Izimpawu. Izimpawu zemilenze emnyama kunzima ukuqaphela - isiqu sigcwele ukubola okumnyama futhi isitshalo sifa maduzane. Ubuhlungu bamanga buvusa ukubonakala kwempunga, kufana nokuqhakaza okuqhakaza engxenyeni eluhlaza yembali (ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweqabunga).
- Ukwelapha. Njengokwesimo se-keel, ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukuvimbela, kodwa uma inkathazo isivele ingene ngaphakathi, bese uphatha inhlabathi ngomunye wemithi enjalo njenge-Baktofit, Fitosporin noma i-Phytophthorine - ongayithola. Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa iyoba iphakheji. Kukhona amakhambi abantu, njengokuthungatha ngomlotha, ukufafaza ngesisombululo esincane (1:10) se-vodka, lezo zindlela zisetshenziselwa kakhulu izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukudla.
Izinambuzane. I-Cruciferous flea - Esinye isifo esivame ukwedlula iklabishi. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezinamaphiko ezondla ingxenye eluhlaza yesitshalo. 
Ukudla okuthandayo kuyamahlamvu.okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi badla kuze emithanjeni. Ngokungafani nezifo ze-fungal, ama-parasites athande ukushisa, ngakho-ke cishe bazovela esikhathini sokushisa.
- Izimpawu. Ebhodini kulula ukubona lezi zilokazane zibukeka. Izimpawu zokuqala yizimbobo ezincane emahlamvu.
- Ukulwa. Ama-Crucifers ayithandi umswakama, ukuze ngokuchelela njalo ngeke bazizwe bekhululekile. Futhi sebenzisa ingxube yomlotha nomfula ogwayi ukufafaza inhlabathi namaqabunga kwesobunxele. Ukupompela okufanelekayo kwenhlabathi nembali ngekhambi le-acetic elibuthakathaka kule isilinganiso: 1 tsp uviniga ku-1 litre. amanzi.
Ama-fungicides anqanda futhi abulale ama-pathogens ezitshalo zakho: "Abiga-Pik", "Alirin B", ingxube yeBordeaux, "Delan", "Albit", "Brunka", "Fundazol", "Scor", "Topaz", "Strobe ".Qaphela futhi ujabulele amaqoqo anamakha amaningi amaningi kusukela ehlobo ukuya ekwindla. Inhlanhla!
