Kwakungekho ukushiswa kwamaphilisi emaphethini ezweni lakithi ngaphambi kokuqala kweminyaka eyishumi yekhulu lama-21. Kuze kube ngu-2009, abalimi abaningi babevame ukudideka lapho bebona isifo esinjalo. Babengazi ukuthi bangaphilisa kanjani isihlahla, futhi lokho kuyithinta kanjani. Kodwa manje sizobhekana nale nkinga ngokuningiliziwe.
Incazelo yesifo
Ukushisa amabhaktheriya - isifo sezihlahla zezithelo, esasakazeke e-Australia, eU.SA, eCanada, eJapane nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. 
Eminyakeni yamuva, lesi sifo sibonakale entshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Ukushisa amabhaktheriya ezimweni eziningi kuthinta izitshalo zomndeni waseRosaceae. Izitembu, amahlumela, amaqabunga, izimpande, izithelo ziyathinteka.
Kubalulekile! Uma engadini endala cishe zonke izitshalo zithelelekile ngokushisa amabhaktheriya, bese uhlwanyela isithombo kule ndawo ngokunemba okungaba ngu-100% kuzoholela ekutheleleni kwayo.Lesi sifo sithinta izimbali ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Emva kwalokho bayabuna, bese besa bese behlala esihlahleni kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla. Amabhaktheriya adlula ezimpandeni ezithintekayo aze ahlume futhi ashiye amaqabunga. Ngakho-ke, lonke leli peyari liyathinteka.
Lesi sifo sibangelwa amagciwane avela ku-Ervini yezinhlobo "I-Erwinia amylovora". Indawo yokuzalwa yalesi sifo kubhekwa njengeNyakatho Melika, lapho amabhaktheriya asakaze khona emhlabeni jikelele. 
Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezihlahla zezithelo okwakushiswa ukushiswa kwamagciwane kubhalwe e-Australia naseNew Zealand.
Ngokushesha amabhaktheriya asakaza eJapane, lapho aqala ukulimaza khona izihlahla ze-pear. Ama-agronomists aseJapane isikhathi eside abakwazanga ukuqonda imbangela yesifo sezihlahla zezithelo, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa nje usosayensi othile waqaphela imbangela yalesi sifo - i-gram aerobic engalungile.
Hlola futhi izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zama ithini lamapheya: "U-Maria nje", "Kokinskaya", "Chizhovskaya", "Talgar Beauty", "Forest Beauty", "Lada", eliphakathi kwe- "In Memory of Zhegalov", "Nika", "Izingane", "i-Bergamot" "," Rogneda "," Otradnenskaya "," Duchess ".
Izimpawu zokuqala zokugula
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sitholakalayo ngesikhathi sezimbali zamapheya. Izimbali ezisemthini ziyabuna kuqala, bese zivele zimile futhi ziphenduke zimnyama, futhi aziwa emagatsheni isikhathi eside. 
Lapho izimbali sezikhuthele kakade, amabhaktheriya aqala ukwanda kuwo wonke umuthi, ethinta amaqabunga, amagatsha, amagxolo, izimpande, njll. Ngemuva kwalokhu, amagxolo angase abe ngamanzi futhi athole i-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amaqabunga aphethwe yi-HIV, aphelile futhi avuke. Futhi into ethakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi ihlala emagatsheni phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo.
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukushisa kwebhaktheriya kwatholakala eMelika ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.Njengomthetho, emaqabungeni okuqala aphendulele abamnyama kuphela ekudubukeni okulodwa (aphikisiwe abe yi-tube). Khona-ke ihlumela lonke liyamangala, elima futhi lifa ngokushesha. Ngokushesha amabhaktheriya aqala ukuthelela ezinye izingxenye zepeyari. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuholela ekubhujisweni ngokuphelele komuthi omncane.
Ukushisa kwebhaktheriya kungashintshwa ngokunembile ebhokisatri. Ukwenza lokhu, udinga ukudubula okomile noma amaqabunga ambalwa omisiwe.Amahlumela anikezwa ezinsizakalweni zokuhlukaniswa, okuqinisekisa noma okuphikisana nokuba khona kwama-bacterium we-genvri Ervini. Ngoba lokhu kusetshenziswa lezo zindlela: Clement ukusabela, Gram stain noma izindlela molecular.
Izimbangela zebhaktheriya zishisa
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokushisa kwebhaktheriya kubhekwa njengama-wasps. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, lezi zinambuzane zidla i-exudate (i-mucous fluid).
Lo mketshezi udonswa yi-pear tree ezindaweni ezithinteka ngamagciwane. Ngenxa yalokho, izinambuzane zisabalalisa izigidi zezintambo zebhaktheriya kwezinye izihlahla. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu uma inani elikhulu lezithombo ezincane eziphakathi kwezilimo zikhula ensimini.
Lesi sifo singasakazeka endaweni yempande (lapho izihlahla zasensimini zisondela khona). Abalimi bamasimu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi izimpande zithinta impande evamile yokubola, ngakho-ke bayayinaki isifo esiyingozi. 
Ngezinye izikhathi amaconsi ambala noma amhlophe angabonwa emaqabeni afintekile kanye nezimbali eziphakathi kwezimbali. Lezi zinhlayiyana ziqukethe izinti eziningana zamabhaktheriya ezithinta izihlahla kwezinye izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane.
Isimbangela sokutheleleka ngokushiswa kwamagciwane kungaba umoya oqinile, imvula noma inkungu. Izimo zezulu ezimbi ziyakwazi ukusakaza amaconsi agcwele amabhaktheriya ezimbali kanye namaqabunga ezinye izitshalo.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo
Uma ubona izimpawu zokushisa amabhaktheriya kuphara lakho, ke okokuqala, udinga ukususa amahlumela amnyama namaqabunga, bese uwashisa. Amagatsha abathintekile ashiswa ukuze abhubhise ngokuphelele amabhaktheriya kuwo (afela ekushiseni okungenhla 43.7º C).
Kubalulekile! Uma uhlakulela izinyosi, khona-ke isidleke kufanele sikhululwe ezilwaneni eziphakathi kwezilwane.Indawo ethintekile kumele ikhunjulwe nge-copper oxide noma i-sulphate yethusi. Uma isithombo sibulawa ngokuphelele yi-bacterial burn, khona-ke endaweni yayo akunakwenzeka ukutshala izihlahla ezintsha eminyakeni emibili elandelayo.
I-pear bacterial burns ingelashwa ngama-antibiotics. Abasimili bevela emazweni aseNtshonalanga YaseYurophu base besebenzisa ama-antibiotics isikhathi eside, ngoba aboni umphumela omkhulu wemikhiqizo esekelwe ngethusi. Phakathi kwama-antibiotics, i-terramycin ne-streptomycin zithandwa kakhulu.Ungesabi ukusebenzisa lezi zidakamizwa. Isibonelo, i-streptomycin ayisetshenziswanga odokotela isikhathi eside. Ibhaktheriya yokugula yengculaza sekuyisikhathi eside isungulwe kulo muthi, ngakho-ke, akulimazi emzimbeni.
Kodwa amabhaktheriya ahlasela izihlahla, ikakhulukazi I-Erwinia amylovoraLe antibiotic yisikhali esibulalayo. Faka isicelo kanje: i-ampoule ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi; Isixazululo esinjalo sanele ukufafaza izithombo eziyishumi eziphakathi kwamaparele. 
Kodwa akudingekile ukusebenzisa streptomycin iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 ngokulandelana. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, amabhaktheriya angase ahlakulele umkhuhlane kuwo, futhi azoyeka ukufa ngenxa yesenzo semithi elwa namagciwane. Kulokhu, i-tetracycline ingasetshenziswa. Kufanele ihlanjululwe njenge-streptomycin.
Uyazi? Amabhaktheriya abangela pear ashise ukukhula ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwe-18 ° C.Ukushiswa kwamapayipi ama-bacterium kudinga ukwelashwa okufanele ngezigaba zokuqala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi sifo singathinta izihlahla eziseduze.
Ukuvimbela
Uma i-pear bacterial burn is obonakala ngesikhathi esifanele, umuthi ungaphulukiswa ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebucayi. Ukuvimbela kulokhu kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ukukhetha okunamandla kwezithombo
Lapho ukhetha izithombo eziphakathi kwe-pear, udinga ukunaka amagatsha, amaqabunga, izihlahla kanye nezimpande. Iziqu kufanele zibe bushelelezi, futhi amahlumela aphilile (ngaphandle kwamabala, amanxeba, ukugeleza kanye namanzi).
Uma kukhona amaqabunga amnyama esihlahleni, khona-ke lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala kwesifo. Izimpande kumele zibe nempilo (i-half-lignified, ngaphandle kokubola). 
Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezihlanganisiwe. Zibonakaliswa ukubekezela okuhle kwesomiso nokuzivikela okuhle kwezifo ezithile.
I-Garden Pest Control
Uma i-pear ikhula, kufanele iphathwe nge-antibacterial agent. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-Bordeaux liquid, ene-color blue bluish. 
Ukuze ulungise le nhlanganisi uzodinga: amalitha ayishumi amanzi, 100 g we-sulphate yethusi, i-lime encane emisha kanye nemikhumbi emibili-litre (ingilazi, ubumba noma izinkuni). Ngenye yezimpahla, udinga ukuxuba ama-5 amalitha amanzi kanye ne-vitriol, futhi kwenye, i-lime kanye namanye amanzi.
Sebenzisa ama-insecticide alandelayo ngokumelene nezinambuzane ensimini: Spark Double Effect, Decis, Nemabact, Nurell D, Actofit, Kinmiks, Omayt, Calypso, Bitoxibacillin, Actellic , "Malathion", "Inta-vir".Okulandelayo, uketshezi olunevitriol kufanele lube ngumsakazo omncane kakhulu oluthululelwe kwisisombululo se-lime. Kwakuyi-vitriol ibe ngamanzi, hhayi ngokuphambene nalokho! Umphumela kufanele ube yi-liquid eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kubalulekile! I-Bordeaux liquid ingashintshwa yi-fungicides. I-Copper nayo ikhona ekubunjweni kwayo.Iphuzu eliyinhloko ekulungiseleleni i-Bordeaux liquid: ungayidluli nge-sulphate yethusi, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ingozi yezimbali ezivuthayo.
Ukuhlola ingxube udinga i-nail ejwayelekile. Kumele ifakwe emanzini. Uma ubona ukuqhakaza okubomvu kuso, kusho ukuthi kunezakhi eziningi zama-vitriol esixazululweni, ngakho-ke kudingeka ulungise ukuhlushwa kwengxube ngokungeza i-lime.Uma ingxube ilungiselelwe kahle, ungaqala ukuhlanza izimbali eziphakathi kwamaparele. Ngokwesilinganiso, amalitha ayi-10 esisombululo anele izithombo ezingu-10.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi ngokucubungula okuphakathi kwamakhemikhali, amabhaktheriya ahlakulela ingculazi. Baqala ukuguqula bese beyeka ukufa lapho bexhumana nalezi zinto. 
Ukulawula izidakamizwa ensimini futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokushisa amabhaktheriya phezu kwepayipi. Amagundane namagundane adla izimpande zomuthi angakwazi ukubekezelela amabhaktheriya ayingozi.
Ukuze izithombo eziphakathi kwe-pear ungasebenzisa izifo ezikhukhumayo: i-immunocytophyte ne-zirconAma-simulators avuselela ukusabela kwesihlahla futhi asize ekulwa namabhaktheriya we-pathological.
Ukukhipha ukukhishwa kwamathuluzi engadini
Abalimi abaningi basebenzisa uphuzo oludakayo lwezokwelapha ukuze baqede amagciwane asetsheni. Isibonelo, uma uthatha igceke kumakhelwane bese uyigcoba ngotshwala, ungaqiniseka ukuthi amabhaktheriya abangela i-pear burn ashonele ngokuphelele.
E-USSR, izinto eziqukethe i-chlorine noma i-kerosene zasetshenziselwa ukucwilisa imishini yamasimu. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlakulele i-friji, ama-gland noma ubone nge-potassium permanganate, kanye ne-vitriol yethusi noma yensimbi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ithuluzi linyanyiselwa kwisisombululo isikhathi esithile, bese usula ngendwangu ehlanzekile.
I-Saw noma i-hacksaw ingacutshungulwa ngomlilo. Khona-ke amazinyo e-cutting element ahlanzekile ngokuphelele kuwo wonke ama-microorganism.
Uyazi? I-Bordeaux liquid ibizwa ngokuthi idolobha laseFrance laseBordeaux. I-botanist yesiFulentshi u-Pierre Marie Alexis Millyard yasungula le nhlanganisela.Namuhla, abalimi abaningi basebenzisa izidakamizwa zasemakhaya ezibulala imithi. Into esebenzayo yalesi sidakamizwa iyinkimbinkimbi ye-iodine eyinkimbinkimbi yamanzi.
Leli thuluzi lingakwazi ukubhubhisa noma yiluphi ithuluzi, ngisho nenhlabathi noma izithombo zokugcina.
Ekugcineni ngingathanda ukusho: Uma ubona amaqabunga amnyama ekhoneni lakho, khona-ke usike futhi uwushise, uphinde ususe i-disinfect ithuluzi ngokusebenzisa noma iyiphi yezindlela ezibalwe ngenhla.
Ukulwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokushisa amabhaktheriya kuzovimbela isitshalo sakho ekufeni.
