I-headgrass yonyaka iyisitshalo se-herbaceous sonyaka esenzeka ngasogwini lwamachibi nemishayo. Ihlukahluka ngemibala ekhanyayo ebunjiwe eluhlaza okotshani kanye nemikhakha eyindilinga yezimbali, eyaqanjwa ngayo.
Incazelo
Lesi sitshalo asihlukanisiwe njengezinhlobo ezihlukile, kodwa futhi sinomndeni waso ophuzi. Ungowesigaba somnyango we-monocotyledonous of angiosperms. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 ezihlala emanzini asogwini noma esihlahleni samahlathi. Endle, mang mang atholakala eCaucasus, eYurophu, eTurkey, eNyakatho Melika naseNyakatho Afrika. Zizwa kukuhle endaweni ukusuka kwesimo sezulu esiphansi kuya kwesimo sezulu esipholile. Izinhlobo ezihlukile zitholakala eningizimu yeSiberia.
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-manor lufana nentambo, luhlotshiswe kakhulu. Iziqu zinotshani obuncanyana, kuze kufike ku-20-80 cm. Zingaba ziqonde zixineke futhi zibe ntofontofo ezintabeni. Amagqabi anombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Ubude obukhulu bamaqabunga yi-2 m nobubanzi obu-3 mm kuya ku-3 cm. Amaqabunga mide kunesigaxa, acwebile, avame ukuba nenyama noma ngesimo senjoloba ethambile. Amapheshana angenhla amafushane kakhulu kunawangaphansi. Kuyo yonke ingxenye yesitshalo, izimbotshana ezincane zomoya zidlula lapho ziphefumula.
Izimbali ziyindilinga noma zinama-pedicel amafushane, aqoqwe kuma-inflorescence amaningi ayindilinga. Ububanzi bebhola elinjalo ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimbali buyi-1.5 cm, futhi lapho imbewu ivuthwa, ifinyelela ku-2,5 cm. Izithelo zinezindlela ezinomhlotshana omncane, zona ziqhathaniswa ne-hedgehog.
Amakhanda ama-spherical atholakala esiqwini ngesimo se-spike esime okomhluzi, kwesinye isikhathi esinama-inflorescence afinyelela ku-70 cm.Ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile, atholakala eminyene noma kude. Izimbali ziqala maphakathi no-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Izithelo zesitshalo zivuthwa ekwindla futhi zilale ngokwanele. Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-spongy, zihlala isikhathi eside ebusweni bamanzi (kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-15), okunomthelela ekusakazeni kwesitshalo. Lapho setshiselwe phansi, imbewu iyaqhuma.
Izinhlobo
Isihlahla se-headwood siqondile noma sihlwanyelwe safinyelela kuma-50-150 cm.unezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpande:
- ezinwabuzelayo - izinqubo ezilandelwayo zisuswa ziye ezinhlangothini zifuna izakhi zomzimba;
- liqonde - lungisa isitshalo endaweni eyodwa.
Amaqabunga amancane anqenqemeni ahlala ngokuqinile esiqwini, esimeni sawo sifana namahlamvu ezinsimbi zomhlanga. Esiqwini esisodwa kunezimbali ezincane ezibunjiwe (izingcezu ezi-6 kuya kwezi-2 ubukhulu bethanga) nezimbali ezinkulu zikaphayi (kufika ezingcebeni ezi-5).
Isikhala sekhanda silula. Ubunzima ngendlela ethambile yamahlumela, atholakala ngokukhululeka ebusweni. Ubude besiqu esikhulu bungu-120 cm.
I-gooseberry iyahamba inganakwa. Ihlukahluka amahlumela aqonde kakhulu, kuze kube yilapho kufika izimbali zezimbali ezintathu zesifazane nezingama-20. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungama-120 cm.
Cowberry Ihluka ngobude obude (kufika ku-2 m) namaqabunga amancanyana (1-5 mm). Isiqu sifushane kunamahlamvu anezimbali ezimbalwa. Sekukonke, kufinyelela kumakhanda ama-stamen nama-pistil angama-3 afakwe amahlumela ngemilenze emifushane. Izimbali zivela ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi, kanti ngo-Agasti izithelo ziyavuthwa.
I-Northern Gooseberry amaqabunga ahlukahlukene abanzi futhi amade. Umthamo ojwayelekile wamaqabunga awubizwa kakhulu futhi ubonakala kangcono engxenyeni ephansi yesithathu. Amapuleti amaqabunga angama-convex flat, aminyene, awakhanyi ngokukhanya. Iziqu ziyantanta futhi ziqondile, zimfishane kunamaqabunga. Ama-inflorescence alula aqukethe amakhanda abesilisa nabesifazane. Izimbali ezingaphezulu zihlala ziqinile esiqwini, kanti ezingaphansi zibekwe eceleni kwe-peduncle eminyene. Izimbali zabesilisa zinamathele ngokuqinile kowesifazane.
I-hedgehog egcwele inesiqu esifushane esivulekile esingu-20-40 cm. Amacembe amade anesigaba esingunxantathu, ububanzi obuyi-8-12 mm. I-inflorescence emfushane engu-5-7 cm ubude iqukethe ama-stamen angama-1-2 nezimbali ezingama-3-5 pistillate. Izimbali zivela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti, izithelo zivuthwa ngenyanga.
I-headquarter encane noma encane ekuphakameni ifinyelela ku-30-70 cm. Iziqu ziyantanta noma ziqondile, zinamakhompiyutha angama-4 kuye kwangama-9. Amaqabunga amancanyana, athambile elangeni, ubude bawo buyi-15-30 cm futhi ububanzi bube ngu-0,3-1 cm.
Ukuzala
Kuyinto elula ukusabalalisa ikhanda lezinkuni ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, entwasahlobo, isitshalo esidala esineminyaka engu-3-5 siyabhalwa futhi sihlanganiswe ngezandla zaso i-rhizome ibe yizihlukaniso. Yilowo nalowo wabo ucwiliswa enhlabathini enezikhukhula endaweni entsha. Ukujula kokwehla kufinyelela ku-50 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lamanzi.
Ukulima imbewu, izithombo zitholakala ngokuzimela. Ezitsheni ezinomhlabathi ogcwele udaka, imbewu ibekwa ekujuleni kuka-2 kuya ku-3 cm. Emva kokuhluma, impande ikhula kuqala. Amaqabunga okuqala avela ezinyangeni ezi-1-1,5 kuphela ngemuva kokuhluma. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, amashubhu acwiliswa emanzini avulekile noma atshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukunakekela ikhanda
Isihlahla samakhanda sonyaka sithanda amanzi agelezayo noma abuthakathaka; sitholakala kuyo yonke imizimba yamanzi anosawoti entsha necashile. Ngokufika, khetha izindawo ezinelanga. Ekunakekelweni, lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba, izinkathi ngokunisela kanye nokufaka umquba. Amacembe ayo amade angenamandla alimala kalula emoyeni onamandla, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukuthi ahlinzeke ngendawo yokuhlala. Emvelweni wemvelo, mangange aduzane nezitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside ze-amphibian.
Izimpande ezinwabuzelayo zinomthelela ekukhuleni kwezihlahla, ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuzilimaza okungafuneki kufanele kuncishiswe futhi kususwe ukuze insimu ingazitholeli ukubukeka okwenziwe kahle.
Lapho ukutshala echibini lokufakelwa, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe, ngoba ama-rhizomes anolaka impela futhi angalimaza isembozo sefilimu phansi kwechibi.
Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa futhi asidingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Entwasahlobo, amahlumela omisiwe anqunywa.
Sebenzisa
I-headwood ihlukaniswa ngezindawo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa. Imifino yayo ethambile ekhanyayo izovuselela indawo engasogwini yezindawo zokugcina zemvelo nezokufakelwa. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-tapeworm noma ihlanganiswe nama-amphibians anamandla futhi amnyama. Ngenxa yokusakazeka okusheshayo ogwini, kusetshenziswa kuphela emanzini amakhulu, esivandeni sakho kufanele ukuma ezinhlotsheni ezincane noma ezintantayo.
Ngaphezu kokuhlobisa, futhi inenhloso esebenzayo, ngoba izimpande ziqinisa izingqimba zenhlabathi ezingasogwini, futhi amahlumela anegalelo ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi. Ehlahleni kubonakaliswa ubuthi obuphansi, ngakho-ke, afanelekile njengesitshalo sokudoba i-waterfowl, kanye ne-nutria ne-muskrats. Abafuyi bezinyosi bayakwazisa lokhu kukhula kwemvelo emanzini njenge-perganos enhle.
Imithi esekwe kumqubuko
Izinto ezilandelayo zitholakele ekwakhiweni kweziqu namaqabunga omunga:
- ascorbic acid;
- ama-alkaloids;
- ama-saponins;
- ama-tannins.
Ngokuhambisana nezinto eziningi ezincane kanye nama-macro amaningi, lesi sitshalo singumphilisi weqiniso. Ama-decoctions avela kuyo asiza ukwehlisa umoya nokusungula iphupho. Izakhi ezihlukile zinomphumela ovuselelayo ohlelweni lokujikeleza futhi zisebenza njenge-immunomodulators yemvelo.
Emithini yabantu, i-cap yi-painkiller ne-vasoconstrictor. Iqinisa umsebenzi wepheshana lesiswini kanye nezitho zangasese zowesifazane (nokuphuma kabuhlungu futhi okusindayo ngezikhathi ezithile).
