I-fern zirtomyum iheha ngomqhele osakazayo wamahlamvu aluhlaza ocwebezelayo. Kuzoba ngumhlobiso omangalisayo wekamelo noma ukwakheka okuluhlaza okuluhlaza endlini. Ngenxa yokumelana nezifo kanye nemvelo yokungabekezeleli, yikho kanye i-cirthium ethengwa ngabalimi abaningi. Uhlobo lungaqhamuka emndenini weThempeli futhi lisatshalaliswa emahlathini anomswakama waseNingizimu Afrika nase-East Asia.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-Cirtomyum ingca eluhlaza obunahlala njalo. Ikhula enhlabathini enomswakama yamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi. Izimpande ze-scaly orange cishe zicashe ngaphansi komhlaba. Kuphuma kuphela intambo yempande. AmaVayy akhula ngokuqondile emhlabeni, anesihlahla eside esinsundu. Amahlamvu e-cirrus abhanqiwe futhi angabhanqwanga apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Amapuleti amaqabunga acwebezelayo anendawo ephakathi nendawo afana nesimpaphe esikhulu. Ubude beqabunga kanye ne-petiole buyi-50-60 cm, futhi ububanzi bube yi-10-12 cm. Umphetho osondele kakhulu wezinhlobo eziningi ubushelelezi, yebo. Izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga ama-wavy noma ama-serrate ziyatholakala.
Amaqabunga e-cirtomyum abonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina kwabantu. Ikhethini eliluhlaza likhula lisuka kumaphuzu amaningana okukhula ku-rhizome. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuvame ukuba ngama-30-60 cm, futhi ububanzi bube yi-1 m. Ezimeni zangaphakathi, i-fern inesizotha ngokwengeziwe. Ngasemuva kwamahlamvu kukhona amabala amancane ansundu ayindilinga. Le yindlela okubukeka ngayo i-sporangia - imbewu ye-fern.
Ukubukwa okudumile
Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziyi-12 ze-cirtomyum zibhalisiwe, isithombe kanye nencazelo yokusiza abalimi ukunquma ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Isiraphu ye-Cirthium. Lesi simila se-herbaceous sakha isihlahla esikhulayo esingama-60 cm ukuphakama. sitholakala eJapan naseNingizimu Afrika. Ukumelana nomoya obandayo nowomile. Imide, iluhlaza okotshani obomvu obunama-vayi othuli olungwephuzi embozwe ngamahlamvu angenantambo, aqhekeka i-cirrus-dissected. Ubude bephepha bungamasentimitha angama-35-50 nobubanzi obungafika ku-10 cm. Amaphethelo wamapuleti eshidi ahlukaniswe ngokungalingani futhi ambozwe ngamazinyo aqhekezayo. Kuthengiswa, izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa zaloluhlobo, i-Rochfordianum, zivame kakhulu. Inamaqabunga aminyene futhi acwebezelayo.
I-Tsirtomium Fortuna. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala e China, Korea nase Japan. Ama-Vaya anesimo sokufaka indawo futhi akha ikhethini ukuphakama okungu-30-60 cm nobubanzi obuyi-1 m. Amaqabunga amise okweqanda noma angunxantathu apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. Amasheya atholakala kwi-petiole ngokusebenzisa igebe elikhudlwana kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.
I-Tsirtomium karyotovidny. Lolu hlobo lwe-fern has a brown brown, scaly rhizome kanye ne-layi vayi egcwele. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela ku-70 cm. Amaqabunga e-Cirrus aqukethe ama-lobes amakhulu anqenqemeni olungalingani. Amacembe aluhlaza obanzi aluhlaza afana nensheya enkulu. Amahlamvu anjalo angajwayelekile aheha abalimi abaningi, kodwa ukuhlangana lapho kuthengiswa lolu hlobo akulula.
I-cirtomy enkulu ebiyelwe. Kuse-petiole eqinile ye-waya kukhona ama-lobes amakhulu acwebezelayo. “Impaphe” ngayinye ifinyelela ku-70 cm ngobude nama-cm angama-30 ububanzi. Amaqabunga amancanyana ama-Oblong-lanceolate ahlelekile ngababili futhi abe nomphetho okhomba. I-sporangia eyindilinga emuva kweqabunga iluhlaza obumnyama noma mpunga.
ICirtomium Hooker. UFern wenza ikhethini lokusakaza. I-vaye ngayinye iqukethe ngamabili ama-10-15 ama-wide-lanceolate, amaqabunga aluhlaza okhanyayo. Iqabunga ngalinye lifinyelela ku-12-15 cm ubude nobubanzi obuyi-5 cm. Le nhlobo iyivelakancane emasikweni.
Ukuzalwa kabusha kwe-cirthium
I-Cirtomyum isakazeka ngama-spores kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-rhizome. Zombili izindlela zenza kube lula ukuthola izitshalo eziqinile ezikhula ngokushesha.
Izingxabano zanda kalula. Kwesinye isikhathi i-self-seeding itholakala ebhodweni elinama-ferns, ngakho-ke izinkinga zokuhluma kwezinhlamvu ngokuvamile aziqhamuki. Ngokuhlwanyela izithombo lungiselela ibhokisi elicaba nelibanzi. Igcwele i-sphagnum moss ngokufakwa kwenhlabathi encane yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat.
Ama-spores akhiwa emgqeni ekwindla, omiswa inyanga yonke futhi ahlwanyelwe enhlabathini emanzi. Ibhokisi limbozwe ngefilimu futhi ligcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka + 20 ... +25 ° C. I-greenhouse ihlala ingena umoya bese inhlabathi ifafazwa ngamanzi. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 emva kokuhlwanyelwa, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lifana nokhaphethi oqinile oluhlaza, lapho kusenzima ukuhlukanisa izitshalo ngazinye. Ngemuva kwenye inyanga, amaqabunga amakhulu aqala ukuvela. Manje, ama-cytomiums angatshalwa ezimbizeni ezihlukile futhi akhule njengesitshalo esidala.
Umuntu omdala, oshonela isihlahla esikhulu se-cirtomyum angahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. I-rhizome isikwa izingxenye eziningi ukuze okungenani amaphuzu amathathu okukhula ahlale kulelo nalelo. Izindawo ezisikiwe zifafazwa ngamalahle ocushiwe bese kuthi i-Delenki itshalwe emabhodweni ahlukile.
Imithetho Yokudlulisa
Ukufakelwa kwe-cirthium kwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo, lapho i-fern icishe igcwalise wonke umhlaba. Sebenzisa izimbiza ezibanzi hhayi ezijulile ezinesendlalelo esikhulu sedreyitha ngaphansi. Ukufakelwa kuhlelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kuvele ama-vaiyas amasha. Ingxube yenhlabathi yenziwa kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Peat;
- isihlabathi;
- sphagnum moss;
- amalahle;
- amagxolo kaphayini.
Inhlabathi kumele ibe lula, ingaphefumula. Lapho ufakelwa, izimpande azingcwabi kakhulu. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ihlale ngaphezulu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zihlolwa ukuthi zibolile. Unganciphisa izindawo ezithintekile noma ezinde kakhulu.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kwe-cirthium kulula kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo esingenacala sizokhula kahle ngisho nakwindlela yokutshala ngokunganaki, futhi ekuphenduleni othandweni nasekunakekelweni kuzokwakha umqhele omuhle kakhulu. ITsirtomium ikhula emjondolo ojulile emafasiteleni asenyakatho, kepha egumbini elikhanyayo amaqabunga ayo aba namanzi futhi aqhakaze. Kusukela elangeni lasemini kungcono ukudala umthunzi omncane noma ubeke imbiza kusuka ewindini.
Izindawo ezipholile zilungele ama-ferns. Ehlobo, ikhula kahle ku + 20 ... +22 ° C. Ebusika, kunconywa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kancane, kepha ukupholisa ngaphansi kuka +11 ° C kungabulala. Kungcono ukuthi unikeze ukuguquguquka okuncane kokushisa kwesikhathi sasebusuku.
Kuyadingeka ukunisela i-cirtomyum njalo ukuze inhlabathi ihlale inomswakama. Ukomiswa kancane kwaphezulu kuvunyelwe. Ngokunisela sebenzisa amanzi athambile at lokushisa kwasekamelweni. Ngokupholisa, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa.
Kwama-ferns, umswakama owandayo uyathandwa. Kunconywa ukufafaza amaqabunga kaningi futhi uwahlanze ngezikhathi ezithile othulini. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasemoyeni owomile, lolu hlobo lwe-fern lukhula ngokujwayelekile futhi aluwomile amaqabunga.
Kusukela entwasahlobo, lapho i-zirtomyum iqala entsha, kunconywa ukuyifaka umanyolo kabili ngenyanga. Sebenzisa amakhompiyutha ahlanjululwe kakhulu amaminerali wezindlu ezigqokile.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
I-Tsirtomium iyamelana nezifo futhi icishe ingathinteki yi-parasites. Ezimweni ezingavamile, amabhu kanye nezikelemu kungatholakala emaqabunga awo. Kunconywa ukuthi ama-insecticides aphathwe lapho kuvela izinambuzane ukuze isitshalo singalahlekelwa amandla.
Uma amaqabunga e-cirtomyum eba ophuzi, futhi ukukhula sekuyekile ngokuphelele noma kwehlise ijubane, kufanele uhlole isimo senhlabathi. Kunconywa ukomisa inhlabathi enomswakama kakhulu. Kuyasiza ukufaka lesi sitshalo emhlabathini omusha.
