I-Araucaria yisihlahla esikhethekile esifana ne-spruce. Lesi sitshalo sisatshalaliswa emahlathini aphezulu e-hemisphere eseningizimu ukusuka e-Australia naseNew Zealand kuya ePeru. Emvelweni wemvelo, i-araucaria ingumuthi omude onamagatsha esi-spiny phezulu komqhele. Izinkuni zalo zibaluleke kakhulu. Indoor araucaria ivele muva nje. Inosayizi onesizotha xaxa nezinaliti ezithambile. Ngenxa yokufana kwayo ne-spruce ejwayelekile, abalimi bayakujabulela ukuthenga ikhaya elinobuhle obunjalo, kodwa uthandwa hhayi kuphela ngamaholide oNyaka oMusha.
Incazelo yezitshalo
Ezimweni zemvelo, i-araucaria isihlahla ukuphakama okungama-50-60 m (amanye afinyelela ku-90 m). Isiqu saso siqondile, futhi amagatsha akhula acishe afane nomhlabathi. Ikhaya le-Araucaria ngokuvamile alikhuli ngaphezu kuka-1.5-2 m. Amagatsha esiqwini ayashayelwa ihlombe futhi uma ebukwa ngenhla afana nenkanyezi. Unyaka omusha, ama-whorls amasha akhula esihlahleni. Amagatsha angaphansi wesitshalo esisha alala phezu kwenhlabathi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ayawa, ashiye iminonjana emthini.
Igatsha limbozwe ngezinaliti ezimfushane nezilukhuni kulo lonke ubude. Banesimo esingunxantathu nesisekelo esibanzi. Umbala wezinaliti uhluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubude bamapheshana amancane alungisiwe yi-0.5-5 cm, futhi ububanzi buyi-0.3-2.5 cm.
I-Araucaria izitshalo ezihlukanisayo. Izihlahla zimbozwe izigaxa sowesifazane (oval) noma owesilisa (ophakeme). Izigaxa zabesifazane eziluhlaza eziluhlaza zifinyelela kubude obungama-20 cm. Amakamelo abo ahlangana ngokulingene komunye nomunye, futhi imbewu edliwayo ifihlwe phakathi esikalini. Isisindo sesigaxa esisodwa singaba ngu-1.5 kg.
Izinhlobo ze-Araucaria
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 ze-araucaria, zimbalwa kuphela ezifanele ukulinyelwa ngaphakathi. Okudumile kakhulu i-araucaria ehlukahlukene. Ibizwa nangokuthi "igumbi lama-spruce." Lesi sihlahla esibucayi esinomqhele we-pyramidal nezinaliti eziluhlaza ezikhanyayo sibukeka kahle kakhulu endlini. Amagxolo amdaka amnyama ku-trunk peels kancane. Amagatsha amasha amboza isikali esincane ukuya kufinyelela kuma-8 mm ubude
I-Araucaria brazilian (i-nyembamba-leaved). Isitshalo esisendlini singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Amaqabunga amafushane kanxantathu e-green hue embozwe kahle amahlumela. Isici esibonakalayo amathiphu wokugunda wamagatsha.
I-Araucaria yaseChile. Igatsha ngalinye, elimbozwe ngunxantathu oluhlaza okotshani, lifana nomsila wenkawu. Kulesi sici, lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi "umuthi wenkawu". Isitshalo sithengiswa ngezinkuni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nembewu edliwayo ku-cones. Iyakwazi ukumelana namaqandeni amancane.
Ikholoni ye-Araucaria. Lesi sihlahla sinomqhele we-pyramidal, oqukethe amagatsha amafushane futhi awugqinsi atholakala ku-trunk. Amakhethini aze afike ku-10 cm ubude akhiwa kwisitshalo esidala.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukusakazeka kwe-Araucaria kwenziwa ngendlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu nokusika kwe-cut-lignified cutways. Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa, njengoba isilinganiso sazo sokuhluma sincishiswa ngokushesha. Embizeni ngayinye enengxube yenhlabathi enesihlabathi-peat, imbewu eyi-1-2 itshalwa ngokufika ku-cm 2-3. Ngemuva kokunisela, ingaphezulu lomhlaba lifakwe umugqa nge-sphagnum moss ukushintshanisa okuphezulu komswakama. Ngaphambi kokuvela, ungabeka iziqukathile endaweni emnyama ngokushisa komoya we +18 ... +20 ° C. Amahlumela avela emavikini ama-2-8 ngokuya ngobusha bembewu. Lapho isixha sokuqala sezinaliti sihlobisa ingaphezulu lehlumela, izithombo kufanele zidluliselwe endaweni engapheli. Uma ibhodwe elifanele selikhethwe ngokushesha, ungaqhubeka nokukhula ngaphandle kokuntywila.
Ukususa izimpande, amahlumela ama-apical ane-whorl okungenani yamagatsha asikwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Emini, locezu womile emoyeni, bese kususwa i-resin egcwele bese ifafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izihlahla ezisikiwe ziphathwa izimpande futhi zitshaleke enhlabathini sandy-peat noma enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Ngaphambi kokufaka izimpande, izithombo zigcinwa ngaphansi kwe-hood, ziphefumulelwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ziniselwe. Ukubamba imbala kungathatha izinyanga ezi-2-5, ngesikhathi lapho kudingekile khona ukugcina izinga lokushisa komoya + 24 ... +26 ° C.
Ukufakelwa
I-Araucaria ibuhlungu kakhulu ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke kudingeka kwenziwe kuphela uma izimpande zimbozwe ngokuphelele yinhlama yobumba. I-spruce yasendlini isuswa ngokucophelela ebhodweni bese uzama ukungaphazamisi i-rhizome. Imbiza entsha kufanele ibe ejulile futhi ibanzi ngokwanele. Izinto ezinkulu zamadonsa zibekwe phansi. Inhlabathi ye-araucaria imvamisa iqukethe:
- inhlabathi enodaka;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- inhlabathi eshidi;
- Peat.
Uma ufisa, ungangeza i-coniface yomhlaba ne-humus deciduous ku-substrate. Ngemuva kokufakelwa izinsuku eziningana, lesi sitshalo sisele sodwa. Akunconyelwe ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngokweqile, ujikeleze futhi unyakaze isihlahla.
Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Araucaria
I-Araucaria ekhaya idinga indlela ekhethekile. Emvelweni wemvelo, ihlala ezintabeni, lapho kuhlala kupholile khona. Izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lesi sitshalo lizungeza +20 ° C. Uma igumbi lishisa kakhulu, i-araucaria iphenduka amaqabunga aphuzi bese ilahla amaqabunga. Ehlobo, kunconyelwa ukuthatha lesi sihlahla emoyeni omusha, asesabi okubhaliwe okuncane nokupholisa ebusuku. Ebusika, kungcono ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kufika ku-10 ... +12 ° C. Uma indlu ine-kuvulandi okhanyayo, ilungele i-spruce yegumbi.
Ubuhle beConiferous bakhetha ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile. Kungaba nasethunzini esincane esinqunyiwe. Kungcono ukugcina i-araucaria ngaphansi kwezinye izitshalo engadini noma ifake ngemuva kwekamelo, kude nokukhanya kwelanga. Kunconywa ukuthi ujikeleze ibhodwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuqondene nomthombo wokukhanya ukuze ugweme ukugoba umgoqo.
Umswakama kufanele ube ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Kwi-araucaria eyomile kakhulu ingaphonsa izinaliti. Kunconywa ukwenza ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ugeze isihlahla ngaphansi kweseshini elibuthakathaka elifudumele. Uma kunesidingo, ungasebenzisa i-tray ngamatshe amanzi noma ubeke isitshalo eduze ne-aquarium.
Nisela i-araucaria ngamanzi afudumele futhi athambile kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthi ubilise ngaphambili, ume noma uhlanze amanzi ompompi usebenzisa isihlungi. Ukuchelela kufanele kube okwanele ukuze iqumba lobumba lome kuphela ngekota. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi awagxili emhlabathini noma kwisump. Konke ukweqiwa kufanele kuthululwe isigamu sehora ngemuva kokunisela.
Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, i-araucaria kumele idliswe ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Ngaphandle kwabo, izinaliti ziba mncane futhi ziphele. Kumanyolo kubalulekile ukulawula izinga le-calcium, kufanele libe lincane. Ukudlula kwalesi simbiwa ekugqokeni okuphezulu noma emanzini okunisela kuyanciphisa ukukhula kwe-araucaria.
I-spruce ye-Indoor ihlukaniswa ukungatheleleki okuhle kakhulu futhi kuyaqabukela ihlushwa ukuhlaselwa yizimbunguzane. Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu kuzo yi-aphid, i-moth-erythematosus, ne-pine loach. Ama-insecticides akhethekile (i-Fastak, i-Decis, ne-Karbofos) asiza ukubhekana nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane.
